REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES, vs.

INTERMEDIATE APPELLATE COURT, ROMAN CATHOLIC

BISHOP OF LUCENA, represented by Msgr. Jose T. Sanchez, and REGIONAL TRIAL COURT,
BRANCH LIII, LUCENA CITY
November 29, 1988 | BIDIN, J.
Facts: The ROMAN CATHOLIC BISHOP of Lucena, represented by Msgr. Jose T. Sanchez, filed an
application for confirmation of title to four (4) parcels of land, all situated in Municipality of Candelaria,
Quezon Province.
In behalf of the Director of Lands and the Director of the Bureau of Forest Development, the Solicitor
General filed an Opposition on April 20, 1979, alleging therein among others, that the applicant did not
have an imperfect title or title in fee simple to the parcel of land being applied for.
The Bishop showed proof that the 3 lands were already owned and possessed by the Roman Catholic
Church even prior to the survey of the said three lots in 1928 and that based on burial records, said lots
were already used as the Churchs cemetery as early as 1918. And as to the 4 th lot, the Bishop asserted
that it was previously owned by the spouses Macasaet but was donated to the Church.
The Republic did not adduce evidence.
The court a quo concluded, on the basis of acquisitive prescription at the very least, that the former had
adequately shown title to the parcels of land being claimed.
Accordingly, the court ordered the registration of the four parcels together with the improvements thereon
"in the name of the ROMAN CATHOLIC BISHOP OF LUCENA, INC., a religious corporation sole duly
registered and existing under the laws of the Republic of the Philippines."
the Solicitor General filed a Motion for reconsideration. But it was denied and the judgment was affirmed.
Hence, this petition filed by the Republic.
Issue: W/N the Roman Catholic Bishop of Lucena, as a corporation sole is qualified to apply for
confirmation of its title to the four (4) parcels of land subject of this case.--- YES
Corollary thereto is the question of whether or not a corporation sole should be treated as an ordinary
private corporation, for purpose of the application of Art. XIV, Sec. 11 of the 1973 Constitution.
Laws:
Article XIV, Sec. 11 of the 1973 Constitution, in part provides:
Sec. 11. .... No private corporation or association may hold alienable lands of the public domain except by lease
not to exceed one thousand hectares in area; nor may any citizen hold such lands by lease in excess of five
hundred hectares....
Sec. 48 of the Public Land Act, in part, provides:
Sec. 48. The following described citizens of the Philippines occupying lands of the public domain or claiming to
own any such lands or an interest therein, but whose titles have not been perfected or completed, may apply to
the Court of First Instance of the province where the land is located for confirmation of their claims and the
issuance of a Certificate of title therefor, under the Land Registration Act, to wit:
(b) Those who by themselves or through their predecessor-in-interest have been in open, continuous,
exclusive, and notorious possession and occupation of agricultural lands of the public domain under a
bona fide claim of acquisition of ownership for at least thirty years immediately preceding the filing of
the application for confirmation of title except when prevented by war or force majeure. These shall
be conclusively presumed to have performed all the conditions essential to a Government grant and
shall be entitled to a certificate of title under the provisions of this chapter.

Held: The parties herein do not dispute that since the acquisition of the four (4) lots by the applicant, it
has been in continuous possession and enjoyment thereof, together with its predecessors-in-interest,
covering a period of more than 52 years (lots 1 and 2), 62 years (lot 3), and 39 years (lot 4) and such
possession, have been open, public, continuous, peaceful, adverse against the whole world, and in the
concept of owner.
The questioned posed before this Court has been settled in the case of DIRECTOR OF LANDS vs.
Intermediate Appellate Court . In said case, this Court stated that a determination of the character of the
lands at the time of institution of the registration proceedings must be made. If they were then still part of
the public domain, it must be answered in the negative. If, on the other hand, they were already private
lands, the constitutional prohibition against their acquisition by private corporation or association
obviously does not apply.
Dir. Of Land v IAC case cited Carino where the SC stated that open, exclusive and undisputed
possession of alienable public land for the period prescribed by law creates the legal fiction whereby the
land, upon completion of the requisite period ipso jure and without the need of judicial or other sanction,
ceases to be public land and becomes' private property. Nothing can more clearly demonstrate the logical
inevitability of considering possession of public land which is of the character and duration prescribed by
statute as the equivalent of an express grant from the state than the dictim of the statute itself; that the
possessor "... shall be conclusively presumed to have performed all the conditions essential to a
government grant and shall be entitled to a certificate of title.
In the instant case, the open, continuous and exclusive possession of the four lots by private respondent
can clearly be gleaned from the following facts on record (see facts: evidence presented by applicant).
The lots were either purchased from or donated by private individuals. They were declared for taxation
purposed in the name of the Church.
It must be emphasized that the Court is not here saying that a corporation sole should be treated like an
ordinary private corporation. However, there is no doubt that a corporation sole by the nature of its
Incorporation is vested with the right to purchase and hold real estate and personal property (Sec 113 of
BP 68). It need not therefore be treated as an ordinary private corporation because whether or not it be so
treated as such, the Constitutional provision involved will, nevertheless, be not applicable.
In the light of the facts obtaining in this case and the ruling of this Court in Director of Lands vs. IAC, the
lands subject of this petition were already private property at the time the application for confirmation of
title was filed in 1979.
PETITION DENIED.