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REPRESENTATIVE SOMATIC MUSCLES OF MAMMALS

Eyeball

Head

Pharynx

Trunk
and Tail

S, I oblique
MLSI rectus

Tongue
(mucos sac
w/
Hypobranch
ial)
Genio, Hyo,
Stylo +
glossus
(in Mam
extrinsic)
Lingualis
(in mam, rep,
intrinsic, no
skeletal
attachments)

Hypobranchial- dev of neck, longer and


strapike

Genio, sterno + hyoideus


Sternothyroideus
Thyro, omo + hyoideus

Branchiomeric Muscles
Mandibular M
Hyoid M
Other M
EPAX (Amniotes)
Intervertebrals (short bundles)
(deepest, metameric)
i.
i.
i.
i.

transversarii (2 trans proc)


spinales (2 neur spines)
arcuales (2 neur archs)
articulares (2 zygapo)

Longissimus (long bundles)


(longest, in lat (3 bundles) and med
(cont to tail) above of TP,
dominant extensor)
L. capitis (I- skull,help mvt of head)
L. cervicis (neck)
L. dorsi (trunk)
Spinales
(long or med bundles connect neur
spines or TP w/ neur spi;)
S. dorsi
S. cervicis
S. capitis
Transversospinales
(connect TP of neur spi of 2nd ver
onwards)
multifidus spinae (spin + interver)for stability of column, upright posture
Iliocostales
(lat to longi; O-ilium, I-ribs/uncinate
proc;
Dom epax in Reptiles for lat undu
croc (pec gir rotate)
turtle/bird (epax prom only in neck)
B- VC fused w/ synsacrum
T- VC + ribs fuse w/ carapace
Birds w/ complexus- crack
eggshell w/beak
Snakes- big and complex epax for
DV flexion + lat undu

HYPAX (Amniotes)
Subventrals (below TP frm atlas to pelvis; Aopp of epax)
Longus colli (birds + mammals)
Quadratus lumborum (2apM; O-centra of
last thor ver, base of ribs, TP of lum ver; I-V
angle of wing of ilium)
Psoas minor (aka tenderloin mammals; con
lum ver w/ pel gir)
Oblique grp (parietals)
Int, Ex intercostals (ext reps in Amni-tur;
accessory role in mam)
Int, ex obliques of abdomen
Cremaster (male,, around spermatic cord,
retract testes)
Supracostals (assist intercostals)
Scalenus
Serratus dorsalis
Levatores costarum
Diaphragm (Mammal)
sep thoracic and abdominal cavities;
breathing
innerv by ventral rami of 3,4,5 cerv
spinal nerves
w/ central tendon and muscular portion
(O-xiphoid proc (Sternal), rib/costal
carti (costal), D lum ver (Vertebral)
CRURA- w/ triangular masses
aka

Transverse grp (parietals)


Transversus thoracis (subcostal)
Transversus abdominis
Parietals
aquatic urodele, locomotion, obliques
split to sup and deep parts
crocs + liz, IET layers w/ 2 sheets e
anurans- I.O is missing
birds- all thin sheets
turtles- vestigial b/c plastron

Rectus M
R. abdominis (assist in flexing trunk)
- urodeles (segmental)
- amni + anurans (w/ irreg trans
tendinous inscription)
Pyramidialis (only in marsuplials, slip of r.a)

Tail

Extensor caudae lateralis (tail


section of longi, O-sacral and caudal
ver,
I-distal tail ver,
A- extend tail and arch up

Oblique + Transverse + Rectus


support abdominal viscera
Compress viscera for egg-laying, delivery,
emptying digestive tract
Hypax bundles bend tail lat or down
Dilator/Sphincter muscles of cloaca
(turtle, O-sacral and caudal ver., I- skin
encircling vent)
Sphincter of anus (mammals, no skeletal
attachments)

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