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G.R.No.168617

TodayisWednesday,November23,2016

RepublicofthePhilippines
SUPREMECOURT
Manila
THIRDDIVISION
G.R.No.168617February19,2007
BERNADETTEL.ADASA,petitioner,
vs.
CECILLES.ABALOS,Respondent.
DECISION
CHICONAZARIO,J.:
This Petition for Review under Rule 45 of the Rules of Court, filed by petitioner Bernadette L. Adasa, seeks to
nullifyandsetasidethe21July2004Decision1and10June2005Resolution2oftheCourtofAppealsinCAG.R.
SP No. 76396 which nullified the Resolutions of the Department of Justice (DOJ). The Resolutions of the DOJ
reversed and set aside the Resolution of the Office of the City Prosecutor of Iligan City, which found on
reinvestigation probable cause against petitioner, and directed the Office of the City Prosecutor of Iligan City to
withdrawtheinformationforEstafaagainstpetitioner.
TheinstantcaseemanatedfromthetwocomplaintsaffidavitsfiledbyrespondentCecilleS.Abaloson18January
2001beforetheOfficeoftheCityProsecutorofIliganCity,againstpetitionerforEstafa.
Respondentallegedinthecomplaintsaffidavitsthatpetitioner,throughdeceit,receivedandencashedtwochecks
issued in the name of respondent without respondents knowledge and consent and that despite repeated
demandsbythelatter,petitionerfailedandrefusedtopaytheproceedsofthechecks.
On23March2001,petitionerfiledacounteraffidavitadmittingthatshereceivedandencashedthetwochecks
issuedinfavorofrespondent.
InherSupplementalAffidavitfiledon29March2001,petitioner,however,recantedandallegedinsteadthatitwas
acertainBebieCorreawhoreceivedthetwocheckswhicharethesubjectmatterofthecomplaintsandencashed
thesameandthatsaidBebieCorrealeftthecountryaftermisappropriatingtheproceedsofthechecks.
On25April2001,aresolutionwasissuedbytheOfficeoftheCityProsecutorofIliganCityfindingprobablecause
againstpetitionerandorderingthefilingoftwoseparateInformationsforEstafaThruFalsificationofCommercial
DocumentbyaPrivateIndividual,underArticle315inrelationtoArticles171and172oftheRevisedPenalCode,
asamended.
Consequently,twoseparatecriminalcaseswerefiledagainstpetitionerdocketedasCriminalCasesNo.8781and
No.8782,raffledtoBranches4and5,RegionalTrialCourtofIliganCity,respectively.
ThisinstantpetitionpertainsonlytoCriminalCaseNo.8782.
On8June2001,uponmotionofthepetitioner,thetrialcourtinCriminalCaseNo.8782issuedanorderdirecting
theOfficeoftheCityProsecutorofIliganCitytoconductareinvestigation.
After conducting the reinvestigation, the Office of the City Prosecutor of Iligan City issued a resolution dated 30
August2001,affirmingthefindingofprobablecauseagainstpetitioner.
Meanwhile, during her arraignment on 1 October 2001 in Criminal Case No. 8782, petitioner entered an
unconditionalpleaofnotguilty.3
DissatisfiedwiththefindingoftheOfficeoftheCityProsecutorofIliganCity,petitionerfiledaPetitionforReview
beforetheDOJon15October2001.
InaResolutiondated11July2002,theDOJreversedandsetasidethe30August2001resolutionoftheOfficeof
the City Prosecutor of Iligan City and directed the said office to withdraw the Information for Estafa against
petitioner.
The said DOJ resolution prompted the Office of the City Prosecutor of Iligan City to file a "Motion to Withdraw
Information"on25July2002.

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On26July2002,respondentfiledamotionforreconsiderationofsaidresolutionoftheDOJarguingthattheDOJ
shouldhavedismissedoutrightthepetitionforreviewsinceSection7ofDOJCircularNo.70mandatesthatwhen
an accused has already been arraigned and the aggrieved party files a petition for review before the DOJ, the
SecretaryofJusticecannot,andshouldnottakecognizanceofthepetition,orevengiveduecoursethereto,but
insteaddenyitoutright.RespondentclaimedSection12thereofmentionsarraignmentasoneofthegroundsfor
thedismissalofthepetitionforreviewbeforetheDOJ.
Inaresolutiondated30January2003,theDOJdeniedtheMotionforReconsiderationopiningthatunderSection
12,inrelationtoSection7,ofDOJCircularNo.70,theSecretaryofJusticeisnotprecludedfromentertainingany
appealtakentohimevenwheretheaccusedhasalreadybeenarraignedincourt.Thisisduetothepermissive
language "may" utilized in Section 12 whereby the Secretary has the discretion to entertain an appealed
resolutionnotwithstandingthefactthattheaccusedhasbeenarraigned.
Meanwhile, on 27 February 2003, the trial court issued an order granting petitioners "Motion to Withdraw
Information"anddismissingCriminalCaseNo.8782.Noactionwastakenbyrespondentoranypartyofthecase
fromthesaidorderofdismissal.
Aggrieved by the resolution of the DOJ, respondent filed a Petition for Certiorari before the Court of Appeals.
Respondentraisedthefollowingissuesbeforetheappellatecourt:
1. Whether or not the Department of Justice gravely abused its discretion in giving due course to
petitionerspetitionforreviewdespiteitshavingbeenfiledafterthelatterhadalreadybeenarraigned
2.Whetherornotthereisprobablecausethatthecrimeofestafahasbeencommittedandthatpetitioneris
probablyguiltythereof
3.WhetherornotthepetitionbeforetheCourtofAppealshasbeenrenderedmootandacademicbythe
orderoftheRegionalTrialCourtdismissingCriminalCaseNo.8782.
The Court of Appeals in a Decision dated 21 July 2004 granted respondents petition and reversed the
ResolutionsoftheDOJdated11July2002and30January2003.
Inresolvingthefirstissue,theCourtofAppeals,relyingheavilyonSection7ofDOJCircularNo.70whichstates"
[i]faninformationhasbeenfiledincourtpursuanttotheappealedresolution,thepetitionshallnotbegivendue
courseiftheaccusedhadalreadybeenarraigned,"ruledthatsincepetitionerwasarraignedbeforeshefiledthe
petition for review with the DOJ, it was imperative for the DOJ to dismiss such petition. It added that when
petitionerpleadedtothecharge,shewasdeemedtohavewaivedherrighttoreinvestigationandrighttoquestion
anyirregularitythatsurroundsit.
Anent the second issue, the Court of Appeals declared that the existence of probable cause or the lack of it,
cannotbedealtwithbyitsincefactualissuesarenotpropersubjectsofaPetitionforCertiorari.
In disposing of the last issue, the Court of Appeals held that the order of the trial court dismissing the subject
criminal case pursuant to the assailed resolutions of the DOJ did not render the petition moot and academic. It
saidthatsincethetrialcourtsorderreliedsolelyontheresolutionsoftheDOJ,saidorderisvoidasitviolatedthe
rulewhichenjoinsthetrialcourttoassesstheevidencepresentedbeforeitinamotiontodismissandnottorely
solelyontheprosecutorsavermentthattheSecretaryofJusticehadrecommendedthedismissalofthecase.
DissatisfiedbytheCourtofAppealsruling,petitionerfiledaMotionforReconsiderationsettingforththefollowing
grounds:
1.thattheoveralllanguageofSections7and12ofDepartmentCircularNo.70ispermissiveanddirectory
such that the Secretary of Justice may entertain an appeal despite the fact that the accused had been
arraigned
2. that the contemporaneous construction by the Secretary of Justice should be given great weight and
respect
3.thatSection7oftheCircularappliesonlytoresolutionsrenderedpursuanttoapreliminaryinvestigation,
notonareinvestigation
4. that the trial courts order of dismissal of the criminal case has rendered the instant petition moot and
academic
5.thatherarraignmentwasnullandvoiditbeingconducteddespiteherprotestationsand
6.thatdespiteherbeingarraigned,thesupposedwaiverofherrighttopreliminaryinvestigationhasbeen
nullifiedorrecalledbyvirtueofthetrialcourtsorderofreinvestigation.4
TheCourtofAppealsstoodfirmbyitsdecision.Thistime,however,ittriedtoconstrueSection7sidebysidewith
Section 12 of DOJ Circular No. 70 and attempted to reconcile these two provisions. According to the appellate
court,thephrase"shallnot"inparagraphtwo,firstsentenceofSection7ofsubjectcircular,towit:
Ifaninformationhasbeenfiledincourtpursuanttotheappealedresolution,thepetitionshallnotbegivendue
courseiftheaccusedhadalreadybeenarraigned.xxx.(Emphasissupplied.)
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employedinthecirculardenotesapositiveprohibition.Applyingtheprincipleinstatutoryconstructionthatwhen
astatuteorprovisioncontainswordsofpositiveprohibition,suchas"shallnot,""cannot,"or"oughtnot"orwhich
iscouchedinnegativetermsimportingthattheactshallnotbedoneotherwisethandesignated,thatstatuteor
provision is mandatory, thus rendering the provision mandatory it opined that the subject provision simply
means that the Secretary of Justice has no other course of action but to deny or dismiss a petition before him
whenarraignmentofanaccusedhadalreadytakenplacepriortothefilingofthepetitionforreview.
Ontheotherhand,readingSection12ofthesamecircularwhichreads:
The Secretary may reverse, affirm or modify the appealed resolution. He may, motu proprio or upon motion,
dismissthepetitionforreviewonanyofthefollowinggrounds:
xxxx
(e)Thattheaccusedhadalreadybeenarraignedwhentheappealwastakenxxx.
theCourtofAppealsopinedthatthepermissiveword"may"inSection12wouldseemtoimplythattheSecretary
of Justice has discretion to entertain an appeal notwithstanding the fact that the accused has been arraigned.
Thisprovisionshouldnotbetreatedseparately,butshouldbereadinrelationtoSection7.Thetwoprovisions,
taken together, simply meant that when an accused was already arraigned when the aggrieved party files a
petitionforreview,theSecretaryofJusticecannot,andshouldnottakecognizanceofthepetition,orevengive
due course thereto, but instead dismiss or deny it outright. The appellate court added that the word "may" in
Section12shouldbereadas"shall"or"must"sincesuchconstructionisabsolutelynecessarytogiveeffecttothe
apparentintentionoftheruleasgatheredfromthecontext.
As to the contemporaneous construction of the Secretary of Justice, the Court of Appeals stated that the same
shouldnotbegivenweightsinceitwaserroneous.
Anent petitioners argument that Section 7 of the questioned circular applies only to original resolutions that
broughtaboutthefilingofthecorrespondinginformationsincourt,butnottoresolutionsrenderedpursuanttoa
motion for reinvestigation, the appellate court simply brushed aside such contention as having no basis in the
circularquestioned.
Italsorejectedpetitionersprotestationthatherarraignmentwasforceduponhersinceshefailedtopresentany
evidencetosubstantiatethesame.
It is petitioners contention that despite her being arraigned, the supposed waiver of her right to preliminary
investigation has been nullified by virtue of the trial courts order or reinvestigation. On this score, the Court of
Appealsrebuffedsuchargumentstatingthattherewasno"supposedwaiverofpreliminaryinvestigation"tospeak
offorthereasonthatpetitionerhadactuallyundergonepreliminaryinvestigation.
PetitionerremainedunconvincedwiththeexplanationsoftheCourtofAppeals.
Hence,theinstantpetition.
Again,petitionercontendsthattheDOJcangiveduecoursetoanappealorpetitionforreviewdespiteitshaving
been filed after the accused had already been arraigned. It asserts that the fact of arraignment of an accused
beforethefilingofanappealorpetitionforreviewbeforetheDOJ"isnotatallrelevant"astheDOJcanstilltake
cognizanceoftheappealorPetitionforReviewbeforeit.Insupportofthiscontention,petitionersethersightson
therulingofthisCourtinCrespov.Mogul,5towit:
TherulethereforeinthisjurisdictionisthatonceacomplaintorinformationisfiledinCourtanydispositionofthe
case as to its dismissal or the conviction or acquittal of the accused rests in the sound discretion of the Court.
Although the fiscal retains the direction and control of the prosecution of criminal cases even while the case is
alreadyinCourthecannotimposehisopiniononthetrialcourt.TheCourtisthebestandsolejudgeonwhatto
do with the case before it. The determination of the case is within its exclusive jurisdiction and competence. A
motion to dismiss the case filed by the fiscal should be addressed to the Court who has the option to grant or
denythesame.Itdoesnotmatterifthisisdonebeforeorafterthearraignmentoftheaccusedorthatthemotion
wasfiledafterareinvestigationoruponinstructionsoftheSecretaryofJusticewhoreviewedtherecordsofthe
investigation.(Emphasissupplied.)
Tobolsterherposition,petitionercitesRobertsv.CourtofAppeals,6whichstated:
There is nothing in Crespo vs. Mogul which bars the DOJ from taking cognizance of an appeal, by way of a
petitionforreview,byanaccusedinacriminalcasefromanunfavorablerulingoftheinvestigatingprosecutor.It
merelyadvisedtheDOJto,"asfaraspracticable,refrainfromentertainingapetitionforrevieworappealfromthe
actionofthefiscal,whenthecomplaintorinformationhasalreadybeenfiledinCourt.xxx.(Emphasissupplied.)
PetitionerlikewiseinvokesMarcelov.CourtofAppeals7wherethisCourtdeclared:
NothinginthesaidrulingforeclosesthepowerorauthorityoftheSecretaryofJusticetoreviewresolutionsofhis
subordinates in criminal cases. The Secretary of Justice is only enjoined to refrain as far as practicable from
entertaining a petition for review or appeal from the action of the prosecutor once a complaint or information is
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filedincourt.Inanycase,thegrantofamotiontodismiss,whichtheprosecutionmayfileaftertheSecretaryof
Justicereversesanappealedresolution,issubjecttothediscretionofthecourt.
TheCourtisunconvinced.
AcursoryreadingofCrespov.Mogulrevealsthattherulingthereindoesnotconcerntheissueofanappealor
petitionforreviewbeforetheDOJafterarraignment.Verily,thepronouncementthereinhastodowiththefilingof
amotiontodismissandthecourtsdiscretiontodenyorgrantthesame.Ascorrectlypointedoutbyrespondent,
the emphasized portion in the Crespo ruling is a parcel of the entire paragraph which relates to the duty and
jurisdictionofthetrialcourttodetermineforitselfwhetherornottodismissacasebeforeit,andwhichstatesthat
suchdutycomesintoplayregardlessofwhethersuchmotionisfiledbeforeorafterarraignmentanduponwhose
instructions. The allusion to the Secretary of Justice as reviewing the records of investigation and giving
instructionsforthefilingofamotiontodismissinthecitedrulingdoesnottakeintoconsiderationofwhetherthe
appealorpetitionbeforetheSecretaryofJusticewasfiledafterarraignment.Significantly,intheCrespocase,the
accused had not yet been arraigned when the appeal or petition for review was filed before the DOJ.
Undoubtedly,petitionersrelianceonthesaidcaseismisplaced.
Also unavailing is petitioners invocation of the cases of Roberts v. Court of Appeals and Marcelo v. Court of
Appeals. As in Crespo v. Mogul, neither Roberts v. Court of Appeals nor Marcelo v. Court of Appeals took into
accountofwhethertheappealorpetitionbeforetheSecretaryofJusticewasfiledafterarraignment.Justlikein
theCrespocase,theaccusedinbothRobertsv.CourtofAppealsandMarcelov.CourtofAppealshadnotyet
beenarraignedwhentheappealorpetitionforreviewwasfiledbeforetheDOJ.
Moreover, petitioner asserts that the Court of Appeals interpretation of the provisions of DOJ Circular No. 70
violatedthreebasicrulesinstatutoryconstruction.First,therulethattheprovisionthatappearslastintheorder
of position in the rule or regulation must prevail. Second, the rule that the contemporaneous construction of a
statuteorregulationbytheofficerswhoenforceitshouldbegivenweight.Third,petitionerliftedaportionfrom
Agpalos Statutory Construction8 where the word "shall" had been construed as a permissive, and not a
mandatorylanguage.
Thealltoofamiliarruleinstatutoryconstruction,inthiscase,anadministrativerule9ofprocedure,isthatwhena
statuteorruleisclearandunambiguous,interpretationneednotberesortedto.10SinceSection7ofthesubject
circularclearlyandcategoricallydirectstheDOJtodismissoutrightanappealorapetitionforreviewfiledafter
arraignment,noresorttointerpretationisnecessary.
Petitioners reliance to the statutory principle that "the last in order of position in the rule or regulation must
prevail"isnotapplicable.InadditiontothefactthatSection7ofDOJCircularNo.70needsnoconstruction,the
cited principle cannot apply because, as correctly observed by the Court of Appeals, there is no irreconcilable
conflictbetweenSection7andSection12ofDOJCircularNo.70.Section7ofthecircularprovides:
SECTION 7. Action on the petition. The Secretary of Justice may dismiss the petition outright if he finds the
same to be patently without merit or manifestly intended for delay, or when the issues raised therein are too
unsubstantial to require consideration. If an information has been filed in court pursuant to the appealed
resolution,thepetitionshallnotbegivenduecourseiftheaccusedhadalreadybeenarraigned.Anyarraignment
made after the filing of the petition shall not bar the Secretary of Justice from exercising his power of review.
(Italicssupplied.)
Ontheotherhand,Section12ofthesamecircularstates:
SECTION12.DispositionoftheAppeal.TheSecretarymayreverse,affirmormodifytheappealedresolution.
Hemay,motupropriooruponmotion,dismissthepetitionforreviewonanyofthefollowinggrounds:
(a)ThatthepetitionwasfiledbeyondtheperiodprescribedinSection3hereof
(b)Thattheprocedureoranyoftherequirementshereinprovidedhasnotbeencompliedwith
(c)Thatthereisnoshowingofanyreversibleerror
(d)Thattheappealedresolutionisinterlocutoryinnature,exceptwhenitsuspendstheproceedingsbased
ontheallegedexistenceofaprejudicialquestion
(e)Thattheaccusedhadalreadybeenarraignedwhentheappealwastaken
(f)Thattheoffensehasalreadyprescribedand
(g)Thatotherlegalorfactualgroundsexisttowarrantadismissal.(Emphasessupplied.)
Itisnoteworthythattheprinciplecitedbypetitionerrevealsthat,tofindapplication,thesamepresupposesthat
"onepartofthestatutecannotbereconciledorharmonizedwithanotherpartwithoutnullifyingoneinfavorofthe
other."Intheinstantcase,however,Section7isneithercontradictorynorirreconcilablewithSection12.Ascan
be seen above, Section 7 pertains to the action on the petition that the DOJ must take, while Section 12
enumeratestheoptionstheDOJhaswithregardtothedispositionofapetitionforrevieworofanappeal.

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As aptly observed by respondent, Section 7 specifically applies to a situation on what the DOJ must do when
confrontedwithanappealorapetitionforreviewthatiseitherclearlywithoutmerit,manifestlyintendedtodelay,
orfiledafteranaccusedhasalreadybeenarraigned,i.e.,hemaydismissitoutrightifitispatentlywithoutmeritor
manifestlyintendedtodelay,or,ifitwasfiledaftertheacccusedhasalreadybeenarraigned,theSecretaryshall
notgiveitduecourse.
Section 12 applies generally to the disposition of an appeal. Under said section, the DOJ may take any of four
actionswhendisposinganappeal,namely:
1.reversetheappealedresolution
2.modifytheappealedresolution
3.affirmtheappealedresolution
4.dismisstheappealaltogether,dependingonthecircumstancesandincidentsattendantthereto.
As to the dismissal of a petition for review or an appeal, the grounds are provided for in Section 12 and,
consequently,theDOJmustevaluatethepertinentcircumstancesandthefactsofthecaseinordertodetermine
whichgroundorgroundsshallapply.
Thus,whenanaccusedhasalreadybeenarraigned,theDOJmustnotgivetheappealorpetitionforreviewdue
courseandmustdismissthesame.Thisisbolsteredbythefactthatarraignmentoftheaccusedpriortothefiling
oftheappealorpetitionforreviewissetforthasoneofthegroundsforitsdismissal.Therefore,insuchinstance,
the DOJ, noting that the arraignment of an accused prior to the filing of an appeal or petition for review is a
ground for dismissal under Section 12, must go back to Section 7 and act upon as mandated therein. In other
words,theDOJmustnotgiveduecourseto,andmustnecessarilydismiss,theappeal.
Likewise,petitionersrelianceontheprincipleofcontemporaryconstruction,i.e.,theDOJisnotprecludedfrom
entertaining appeals where the accused had already been arraigned, because it exercises discretionary power,
and because it promulgated itself the circular in question, is unpersuasive. As aptly ratiocinated by the Court of
Appeals:
Trueindeedistheprinciplethatacontemporaneousinterpretationorconstructionbytheofficerschargedwiththe
enforcement of the rules and regulations it promulgated is entitled to great weight by the court in the latters
construction of such rules and regulations. That does not, however, make such a construction necessarily
controllingorbinding.Forequallysettledistherulethatcourtsmaydisregardcontemporaneousconstructionin
instanceswherethelaworruleconstruedpossessesnoambiguity,wheretheconstructionisclearlyerroneous,
where strong reason to the contrary exists, and where the court has previously given the statute a different
interpretation.
Ifthroughmisapprehensionoflaworaruleanexecutiveoradministrativeofficercalledupontoimplementithas
erroneously applied or executed it, the error may be corrected when the true construction is ascertained. If a
contemporaneousconstructionisfoundtobeerroneous,thesamemustbedeclarednullandvoid.Suchprinciple
shouldbeasitisappliedinthecaseatbar.11
Petitioners posture on a supposed exception to the mandatory import of the word "shall" is misplaced. It is
petitionersviewthatthelanguageofSection12ispermissiveandthereforethemandateinSection7hasbeen
transformed into a matter within the discretion of the DOJ. To support this stance, petitioner cites a portion of
AgpalosStatutoryConstructionwhichreads:
For instance, the word "shall" in Section 2 of Republic Act 304 which states that "banks or other financial
institutionsownedorcontrolledbytheGovernmentshall,subjecttoavailabilityoffundsxxx,acceptatadiscount
at not more than two per centum for ten years such (backpay) certificate" implies not a mandatory, but a
discretionary, meaning because of the phrase "subject to availability of funds." Similarly, the word "shall" in the
provisiontotheeffectthatacorporationviolatingthecorporationlaw"shall,uponsuchviolationbeingproved,be
dissolvedbyquowarrantoproceedings"hasbeenconstruedas"may."12
After a judicious scrutiny of the cited passage, it becomes apparent that the same is not applicable to the
provision in question. In the cited passage, the word "shall" departed from its mandatory import connotation
because it was connected to certain provisos/conditions: "subject to the availability of funds" and "upon such
violation being proved." No such proviso/condition, however, can be found in Section 7 of the subject circular.
Hence,theword"shall"retainsitsmandatoryimport.
Atthisjuncture,theCourtofAppealsdisquisitioninthismatterisenlightening:
Indeed,iftheintentofDepartmentCircularNo.70weretogivetheSecretaryofJusticeadiscretionarypowerto
dismissortoentertainapetitionforreviewdespiteitsbeingoutrightlydismissible,suchaswhentheaccusedhas
alreadybeenarraigned,orwherethecrimetheaccusedisbeingchargedwithhasalreadyprescribed,orthereis
noreversibleerrorthathasbeencommitted,orthattherearelegalorfactualgroundswarrantingdismissal,the
resultwouldnotonlybeincongruousbutalsoirrationalandevenunjust.Forthen,theactionoftheSecretaryof
Justiceofgivingduecoursetothepetitionwouldservenopurposeandwouldonlyallowagreatwasteoftime.
Moreover,togivethesecondsentenceofSection12inrelationtoitsparagraph(e)adirectoryapplicationwould
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not only subvert the avowed objectives of the Circular, that is, for the expeditious and efficient administration of
justice,butwouldalsorenderitsothermandatoryprovisionsSections3,5,6and7,nugatory.13
Inhersteadfastefforttochampionhercase,petitionercontendsthattheissueastowhethertheDOJrightfully
entertained the instant case, despite the arraignment of the accused prior to its filing, has been rendered moot
and academic with the order of dismissal by the trial court dated 27 February 2003. Such contention deserves
scantconsideration.
ItmustbestressedthatthetrialcourtdismissedthecasepreciselybecauseoftheResolutionsoftheDOJafterit
had, in grave abuse of its discretion, took cognizance of the petition for review filed by petitioner. Having been
renderedingraveabuseofitsdiscretion,theResolutionsoftheDOJarevoid.Astheorderofdismissalofthetrial
court was made pursuant to the void Resolutions of the DOJ, said order was likewise void. The rule in this
jurisdictionisthatavoidjudgmentisacompletenullityandwithoutlegaleffect,andthatallproceedingsoractions
foundedthereonarethemselvesregardedasinvalidandineffectiveforanypurpose.14Thatrespondentdidnot
fileamotionforreconsiderationorappealfromthedismissalorderofthetrialcourtisofnomoment.Sincethe
dismissalwasvoid,therewasnothingforrespondenttooppose.
PetitionerfurtherassertsthatSection7ofDOJCircularNo.70appliesonlytoappealsfromoriginalresolutionof
theCityProsecutoranddoesnotapplyintheinstantcasewhereanappealisinterposedbypetitionerfromthe
ResolutionoftheCityProsecutordenyinghermotionforreinvestigation.Thisclaimisbaseless.
1 a v v p h i1 .n e t

AreadingofSection7disclosesthatthereisnoqualificationgivenbythesameprovisiontolimititsapplicationto
appealsfromoriginalresolutionsandnottoresolutionsonreinvestigation.Hence,therulestatingthat"whenthe
lawdoesnotdistinguish,wemustnotdistinguish"15findsapplicationinthisregard.
Petitionerassertsthatherarraignmentwasnullandvoidasthesamewasimprovidentlyconducted.Again,this
contentioniswithoutmerit.Recordsrevealthatpetitionersarraignmentwaswithoutanyrestriction,conditionor
reservation.16 In fact she was assisted by her counsels Atty. Arthur Abudiente and Atty. Maglinao when she
pleadedtothecharge.17
Moreover,thesettledruleisthatwhenanaccusedpleadstothecharge,heisdeemedtohavewaivedtherightto
preliminary investigation and the right to question any irregularity that surrounds it.18 This precept is also
applicable in cases of reinvestigation as well as in cases of review of such reinvestigation. In this case, when
petitioner unconditionally pleaded to the charge, she effectively waived the reinvestigation of the case by the
prosecutoraswellastherighttoappealtheresultthereoftotheDOJSecretary.Thus,withthearraignmentofthe
petitioner, the DOJ Secretary can no longer entertain the appeal or petition for review because petitioner had
alreadywaivedorabandonedthesame.
Lastly, while there is authority19 permitting the Court to make its own determination of probable cause, such,
however, cannot be made applicable in the instant case. As earlier stated, the arraignment of petitioner
constitutes a waiver of her right to preliminary investigation or reinvestigation. Such waiver is tantamount to a
finding of probable cause. For this reason, there is no need for the Court to determine the existence or non
existenceofprobablecause.
Besides,underRule45oftheRulesofCourt,onlyquestionsoflawmayberaisedin,andbesubjectof,apetition
for review on certiorari since this Court is not a trier of facts. This being the case, this Court cannot review the
evidence adduced by the parties before the prosecutor on the issue of the absence or presence of probable
cause.20
WHEREFORE, the petition is DENIED. The Decision of the Court of Appeals dated 21 July 2004 and its
Resolutiondated10June2005inCAG.R.SPNo.76396areAFFIRMED.Costsagainstpetitioner.
SOORDERED.
MINITAV.CHICONAZARIO
AssociateJustice
WECONCUR:
CONSUELOYNARESSANTIAGO
AssociateJustice
Chairperson
MA.ALICIAAUSTRIAMARTINEZ
AssociateJustice

ROMEOJ.CALLEJO,SR.
AsscociateJustice

OnLeave
ANTONIOEDUARDOB.NACHURA
AssociateJustice
ATTESTATION

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IattestthattheconclusionsintheaboveDecisionwerereachedinconsultationbeforethecasewasassignedto
thewriteroftheopinionoftheCourtsDivision.
CONSUELOYNARESSANTIAGO
AssociateJustice
Chairperson,ThirdDivision
CERTIFICATION
Pursuant to Section 13, Article VIII of the Constitution, and the Division Chairpersons Attestation, it is hereby
certifiedthattheconclusionsintheaboveDecisionwerereachedinconsultationbeforethecasewasassignedto
thewriteroftheopinionoftheCourtsDivision.
REYNATOS.PUNO
ChiefJustice

Footnotes
1PennedbyAssociateJusticeEdgardoA.CamellowithAssociateJusticesEstelaPerlasM.Bernabeand

ArturoG.Tayag,concurring.Rollo,pp.4048.
2Id.at4967.
3Records,pp.6465.
4Id.at50.
5G.R.No.L53373,30June1987,151SCRA462,471.
6G.R.No.113930,5March1996,254SCRA307,330332.
7G.R.No.106695,4August1994,235SCRA39,4849.
8Agpalo,StatutoryConstruction(1990),pp.240241,citingDioknov.RehabilitationFinanceCorporation,

91Phil.608,611(1952)andGovernmentv.ElHogarFilipino,50Phil.399(1927).
9 When an administrative agency promulgates rules and regulations, it "makes" a new law with the force

and effect of a valid law. (Victorias Milling Co., Inc. v. Social Security Commission, 114 Phil. 555, 558
[1962].)
10 Rizal Commercial Banking Corporation v. Intermediate Appellate Court, G.R. No. 74851, 9 December

1999,320SCRA279,289.
11Rollo,p.58.
12Supranote5.
13Rollo,p.57.
14Gorionv.RegionalTrialCourtofCebu,Branch17,G.R.No.102131,31August1992,213SCRA138,

147.
15PhilippineFreePress,Inc.v.CourtofAppeals,G.R.No.132864,24October2005,473SCRA639,662.
16Records,pp.6465.
17Id.
18Kuizonv.Desierto,G.R.Nos.14061924,9March2000,354SCRA158,176177Gonzalesv.Courtof

Appeals,343Phil.297,304305(1997)Peoplev.Baluran,143Phil.36,44(1981).
19ArkTravelExpress,Inc.v.Abrogar,G.R.No.137010,29August2003,410SCRA148,159.
20Chanv.CourtofAppeals,G.R.No.159922,28April2005,457SCRA502,512.
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