Chemistry Revision Sheet

1617-CM102

1. 30. What is the color of litmus in acidic and in basic solutions?

Litmus paper is red in acid solutions and blue in basic ones.
What is the color of phenolphthalein in acidic and in basic solutions?
Phenolphthalein is colorless in acid solutions and pink in basic ones.
What is the color of Universal indicator in acidic and in basic solutions?

2. Which of the following is (or is a part of) the conceptual definition of an acid?
a) It contains hydrogen.
b) It contains oxygen.
c) It can increase the [OH(aq)] in aqueous solution.
d) Its aqueous solution conducts an electric current.
e) If its aqueous solution is added to zinc metal, hydrogen gas is liberated.
f) It can increase the [H+(aq)] in aqueous solution.
g) If blue litmus paper is dipped in its aqueous solution, it turns to red.
h) If red litmus paper is dipped in its aqueous solution, it turns to blue.
i) It tastes sour and bitter at the same time.
j) If feels slippery, like soap.
3. List some strong acids. HCl, HBr, HI, HNO3, H2SO4
4. Which of the following oxides is/are acidic?
(Acidic oxides are non-metal oxides except NO, H2O, CO and N2O that are neutral )
a) CaO
b) CO2
c) N2O
d) P4O10
e) K2O
f) CuO
g) H2O
h) MgO
i) ZnO

5. List some chemical properties of acids.

a) Acidic aqueous solutions react with metals like zinc and magnesium and liberate hydrogen gas.
b) If blue litmus paper is dipped in acidic aqueous solution, it turns to red.
c) Acidic aqueous solutions react with carbonates and liberate carbon dioxide gas.
d) Acids react with bases to produce salt and water
6. What does the term amphoteric substance mean? It is a substance that reacts with both acids and bases.
Which of the following oxides is/are amphoteric?
a) Al2O3
b) CO2
c) Na2O
d) P4O10
e) K2O
f) CuO
g) H2O
h) MgO
i) ZnO
j) PbO
7. This question is about the oxides.
aluminium oxide

Al2O3

calcium oxide

CaO

carbon dioxide

CO2

carbon monoxide

CO

magnesium oxide

MgO

sulphur dioxide

SO2

Which of the oxides listed above

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

can react with hydrochloric acid but not with aqueous sodium hydroxide.
To react with acid and not with base, the oxide must be basic. CaO and MgO are the answers
as they are basic oxides.
can react with aqueous sodium hydroxide but not with hydrochloric acid.
To react with base and not with acid, the oxide must be acidic. SO2 and CO2 are the answers as
they are acidic oxides.
can react with both hydrochloric acid and aqueous sodium hydroxide.
To react with both, acid and base, the oxide must be amphoteric. Al2O3 is the answer as it is an
amphoteric oxide.
cannot react with hydrochloric acid or aqueous sodium hydroxide.
To react with neither acid nor base the oxide must be neutral. CO is the answer as it is a
neutral oxide.

8. Which of the following oxides is/are neutral?

a) CaO
b) CO2
c) CO
d) P4O10
e) K2O
f) CuO
g) H2O
h) NaO
i) Al2O3
j) NO
9. Calculate the [H+] and the [OH] in a 0.010 M solution of HCl.
Given: [HCl] = 0.010M
R.T.F: [OH-], [H+]
[H+] = 0.010M
Kw = [H+] [OH-]
1 10 -14 = [H+] [OH-]

[OH-] = 1.0 10-12 M

10. Given that Kw = 1.6 10 15 at a particular temperature, calculate the [H+] and the [OH].
Given: Kw = 1.6 10 15
RTF: [OH-], [H+]

Kw = [H+] [OH-]

1.6 10 15 = [H+]2

[H+] = 4.0 10 8 M = [OH-]

11. Calculate the [H+] and [OH-] in a solution formed by adding 0.20 mole of solid NaOH to 2.0 dm3 of water.
Given: nNaOH = 0.20 mole
RTF: [OH-], [H+]
.

[OH-] = [NaOH] = . = 0.10 M

Kw = [H+] [OH-]
1 10 -14 = [H+](0.10)

[H+] = 1.0 10-13 M

12. Calculate the [H+] and the [OH] in a solution of 0.40 g of NaOH dissolved into 10 cm3 of solution.
Given: mNaOH = 0.40g, Vsoln= 10 cm3
R.T.F: [H+], [OH-]
Number of moles of NaOH =
Kw = [H+] [OH-]
1 x 10 -14 = [H+] (1.0)

m 0.40
=
= 0.010 moles
M
40

[OH-] =

n
0.010
=
= 1.0 M
V 10/1000

[H+] = 1.0 10-14 M

13. Calculate the [H+] and the [OH] in a solution of 12.6 g of HNO3 dissolved into 25.0 cm3 of solution.
Given: macid = 12.6g, Vsoln= 25 cm3
R.T.F: [H+], [OH-]
Number of moles of HNO3 =
Kw = [H+] [OH-]
1 x 10 -14 = (8.00) [OH-]

= 0.20 moles

[H+] = . = 8.00 M

[OH-] = 1.25 10-15 M

14. The Ksp of AgCl is 4.0 10 8.

Calculate the maximum mass of AgCl that will dissolve in 500 cm3 solution. [AgCl = 144.]

Given: Ksp of AgCl is 4.0 10 8, V = 500 cm3

RTF: mass

Step 1: calculate solubility

AgCl(s)
[Initial]
[change]
-s
[equiliobrium]
-

Ag+(aq)
+s
s

4.0 10 8 = s2

Ksp = [Ag+][Cl-]

Cl-(aq)
+s
s

s = 2.0 10 4M

This means that 2.0 10 4moles of AgCl(s) dissolve in 1 dm3

m = (2.0 10 4)(144) = 0.0288g

Step 2: find the mass that dissolves in 1 dm3

This means that 0.0288g of AgCl(s) dissolve in 1 dm3 = 1000cm3

?g
dissolve in
500cm3
(.)()
?=
= 0.0144g

15. The Ksp of PbCl2 is 1.6 105. Calculate the solubility of PbCl2 in water.
Initial concentrations
Part that dissolves
Equilibrium concentration

PbCl2 (s)
---s

Pb2+(aq)
0.0 M
+s
s

2 Cl (aq)
0.0 M
+2 s
2s

Ksp = [Pb2+][Cl-]2 = s (2 s )2 = 4s 3

Solubility = s =

.
=

= 0.016M

16. To 200cm3 of 0.10 M HCl is added 300cm3 of 0.20M Pb(NO3)2. Will a precipitate form?
Given: [HCl] = 0.10 M, VHCl = 200cm3, [Pb(NO3)2] = 0.20 M
R.T.F: Will PbCl2 ppt form?
3
8
( ) = 300 cm , Ksp = 1.3 10
Step 1: Write the reaction

PbCl2(s) Pb2+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq)

Step 2: Calculate the [Pb2+] and [Cl-]

C V
0.10 200
= 0.040M
HCl = old old =
Vtotal
500
HCl (aq) H+ (aq) + Cl- (aq)
1
: 1
:
1
0.040 M
0.040 M
0.040 M
Step 3: Calculate the mass action expression
Q = [Pb2+][Cl-]2 = (0.12)( 0.040)2 = 1.92 10-4
Step 4: Compare Q and Ksp
Q > Ksp, a precipitate will form

Pb(NO3 )2 =

Cold Vold 0.20 300

=
= 0.12M
Vtotal
500

Pb(NO3)2(aq) Pb2+(aq) + 2 NO3-(aq)

1
: 1
:
2
0.12 M
0.12 M
0.24 M

17. How do you test for sulfate ions in solution? Why should the barium solution be acidified?
Treat the solution containing this ion with acidified barium chloride or nitrate where a white precipitate of
BaSO4 is formed.
The solution must be acidified because the aqueous solution normally contains CO32- ions, thus the acidified
solution prevents the false positive test for sulphate ions caused by white BaCO3.
18. What will be observed if NaOH is added to a solution containing NH4+ and the mixture is warmed?
A pungent smelling gas evolves, that turns damp red litmus paper blue.
19.
a) What will be observed if NaOH is added to a solution containing Fe+2?
A dirty green precipitate is formed.
b) Will the addition of excess NaOH cause any further change?
The dirty green precipitate does not dissolve in excess NaOH.
c) Name any precipitate formed.
Iron (II) hydroxide
20. Write the net ionic equation for the reaction that occurs when Iron (III) chloride solution and potassium
hydroxide solution are mixed.
Fe3+(aq) + 3OH-(aq) Fe(OH)3(s)
21.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

Glucose is (molecular / ionic) and it dissolves in water as such:

C6H12O6(s) C6H12O6 (aq)
NaCl is (molecular / ionic) and it dissolves in water as such:
NaCl(s) Na+(aq) + Cl(aq)
CHCl3 is (molecular / ionic) and it dissolves in water as such:
CHCl3(s) CHCl3 (aq)
HCl gas is (molecular / ionic) and it dissolves in water as such:
HCl(g) H+(aq) + Cl(aq)
Sucrose is (molecular / ionic) and it dissolves in water as such:
C12H22O11(s) C12H22O11(aq)

22. Given:

a) What is the solubility of potassium nitrate at 20C? at 50C?

At 20C, the solubility is 30 g / 100 g of water
At 50C, the solubility is 81 g / 100 g of water
b) By how much will the solubility of potassium nitrate increase if the temperature is increased from 20C to
50C?
by 51 g/ 100 g of water
c) What mass of potassium nitrate forms if a saturated solution in 100g of water is cooled from 40C to
10C? From 60C to 20C?
At 10C, the solubility is 20 g / 100 g of water
At 40C, the solubility is 60 g / 100 g of water
60 20 = 40 g of solid will form in 10g of water
At 20C, the solubility is 30 g / 100 g of water
At 60C, the solubility is 104 g / 100 g of water
104 30 = 74 g of solid will form in 100g of water

d) What mass of water is needed to dissolve 50g of potassium nitrate at 40C?

At 40C, the solubility is 60 g / 100 g of water
60 g of solid dissolve in 100g of water
50g of solid dissolve in ?g of water
()()
? = = 83.3 g of water
e) What mass of potassium sulfate will dissolve in 2 kg of water at 20C?
At 20C, the solubility is 10 g / 100 g of water
10 g of solid dissolve in 100g of water
? g of solid dissolve in 2000g of water
()()
? = = 200 g
23. What can be used to identify the presence of water? anhydrous CuSO4 / CoCl2
What color changes occur when the above is treated with water?
Anhydrous copper (II) sulphate, CuSO 4 changes from white to blue
Anhydrous cobalt (II) chloride, CoCl 2 changes from blue to pink
What reactions occur when the above are treated with water?
CuSO4 (s) + 5 H2O (l) CuSO4.5H2O
White
blue
CoCl2 (s) + 6 H2O (l) CoCl2.6H2O
Blue
pink
24. 25, 26.
a) Which of the following gases are colored: H2, CO, NO2, NO, HCl and Cl2? NO2 and Cl2
NO2 is reddish brown while Cl2 is yellowish green.
b) What is the test for H2(g)?
H2(g) extinguishes a lit splint with a popping sound
c) What is the test for O2(g)?
O2(g) relights a glowing splint
d) What is the test for Cl2(g)?
Cl2(g) bleaches litmus paper
e) What is the test for SO2(g)?
SO2 gas decolorizes purple KMnO4(aq) solution.
SO2 gas changes the orange color of K2CrO4(aq) solution to green.
SO2 gas is an acidic gas that changes the color of wet blue litmus paper red.
27. What will be observed when an acid is added to Na2SO3(s)?
The solid will effervesce and choking smell is noted
What is the reason for the above observation?
The formation of SO2 gas
28.
a) How do you test for nitrate ions using aluminum foil and NaOH solution?
If the solution is warmed with NaOH (aq) containing a small piece of aluminium, a gas is liberated.
b) What gas will be produced?
Ammonia gas is liberated.

c) How do you test for the gas produced?

Approach a damp red litmus paper to the test tube (without touching the sides of the tube), the
litmus paper turns blue.
29. What can be used to test if a solution is acidic?
1. Mg metal
2. Zinc metal
3. litmus paper
4. pH-meter
5. carbonate ion
6. phenolphthalein
7. Universal indicator