5.2 DOUBLE-INTEGRATION METHOD ‘The double-integration method of determining the equation of the elastic curve is a basic classical method using the differential equation. It is given the name “double integration” because one usually starts with the bending moment M, which relates to the curvature, d?y/dx?. Integration twice gives the equation for deffection y. Study of Fig. 5.1.2 will show that one may start from load intensity, shear, moment, or slope and integrate the appropriate number of times to get the deflection equation. ‘Use of the differential equation as a basic method is occasionally useful when the complete elastic curve equations are required. This method is, however, cumbersome when discontinuities exist in the function being integrated, creating a large number of integration constants, When only the deflections or slopes at certain chosen points on the beam are required, the virtual work (unit load) or the moment area methods treated later in this chapter are far more convenient. Example 5.2.1 For the beam of Fig. 5.2.1, determine the equation of the elastic curve and also the maximum deflection using the method of double integration. 2 wos TLELLID, «22009 1 =300in* 10: Figure 52.1 Beam of Example 5.2.1. ‘Solution (@) Determine the reactions, Taking moments about end A, — AUO)15 + 85) _ 112 ‘Statically Determinate Beams—Slopes and Deflections Chap. E Ro 7 ipsTaking moments about end D, p, = 20S + 89) Check that R, + Ro equals the total downward load of 8 + 2(10) = 28 kips. (b) Establish the equations for bending moment. Starting from end A, for x <5, M, = Rx = 1x 11 kips For 5 6 Atx=20,y=0 From condition 1, onc © From condition 2, n@ + c= se oPFsc+e, $C, — SC, — C, = 333.33 O) From condition 3, OF yc -38 MWS +O =3 2 + 40(5) + Cy C, — C, = 100 © From condition 4, 1" 5 40D + c,(10) + Cy 10) 10) (10)? Oo 2300? — 60 + C10) + Cy 10C, — 10C, + C, — Cy = —2500 @ From condition 5, 10)? + 4010) + ¢, = — Cy — C= —333.33 © + 23022 — eon) + ¢, From condition 6, 20) , 93(20) 6920)? 0 = — OF 5 232)" — 602" + c,020) + Cy 20, — Cy = $333.33 © Solving Eqs. (a) to (f) gives the following: C, = 466.67; C= 0 C, = — 566.67; Cy = $166.67 Cy = -233.33; Ce = — 666.67 The deflection equations are, therefore, the following: For x <5, y= FU.8332" — 466.672) For 5 MG) = Wx 4 8 CHS Je 2 [xto] ite] _o 2 ws Mis lx= 8 le5]- Cele] aga, nemear Heat been te argent a C1” is lees than Bere, we vill poe that tei = Qe= M - 2: (1 8&51-Lor) ) a2 glxST> Leto? Ome ($4 alx6— = )ra > gt 805) cx]! vols be (& x 2008) _ bed’) + An +8 Sige deflectin: ) 4 Wow 40 find Whe tun Consdeunts AEB? sng Hee cardshims that there 15 ae verti diplacemuntat sppats A & Die. ¢ a(e)=0 and ar (20)=0 Vlo)<0 : fam) O28 5 z ar(20) <0 1 fom (+) os (20° asd _ Cet )+A20Vance, the ots Be slope % deflechin decane Olade 2 (be #[4-sT~ Late 466.62] (Hx) er \2a z alx)s L (xs [xsd Late 466.678 ) Gen) we’ 3 — - ulate, docs Are maximo eflechon cco? \t crews uhoe the Slope is zero, Nele teat if slope =O © worethan me lecatidn, you ued +> Compare tre Lipacements ad thase. lacahons Ub fd Spe” met ce flection GG)=0 a=? => t= 10.244 (fon @r)) Syst, Aele.24' te Cexx) v . toa’ 466.6710. = 10.14 )= \ (0.24) - 4 (say May eV 0a = ge = = Bogoo ~ EL = > Bore ____— cnsidegk walt (Praonit (Sor) Tm em haf = 0.497 xlo™ fb Vay = 0.596 in a