IMPORTANT INTERVIEW QUESTIONS

1. What is WPS?
WPS is Welding Procedure Specification, It is a written document that provides
direction to the welder or welding operator for making production welds.
2. What is the Welding Process?
a) GTAW

(Gas Tungeston Arc Welding)

b) SMAW

(Shielded Metal Arc Welding)

c) SAW

(Submerged Arc Welding)

d) FCAW

(Flux Coated Arc Welding)

e) GMAW (Gas Metal Arc Welding)

f) PAW

(Plasma Arc Welding)

interpass temperature, welding

In a multipass weld, the lowest temperature of the deposited weld metal before the next weld pass is
started.
Image quality indicator
IQI
Penetrameter is another common term for IQI.
tack weld
A weld made to hold the parts of a weldment in proper alignment until the final welds are made.
undercut
A groove melted into the base metal adjacent to the weld toe or weld root and left unfilled by weld metal.
welder performance qualification
WPQ
A test administered to a welder to demonstrate the welders ability to produce welds meeting prescribed
standards.
Welding performance qualification tests are specific to a WPS.
deadlegs
Components of a piping system that normally have no significant flow.
defect
An imperfection of a type or magnitude exceeding the acceptable criteria.

MAWP:
maximum allowable working pressure
MDMT
:minimum design metal temperature
pipe
A pressure-tight cylinder used to convey a fluid or to transmit a fluid pressure and that is
ordinarily designated pipe in applicable material specifications.
positive material identification
PMI
Any physical evaluation or test of a material to confirm that the material, which has been or
will be placed into service,is consistent with the selected or specified alloy material
designated by the owner/user.
small-bore piping
SBP
Piping that is less than or equal to NPS 2.
spool
A section of piping encompassed by flanges or other connecting fittings such as unions.
defect
An imperfection whose type or size exceeds the applicable acceptance criteria and is therefore rejectable.
heat-affected zone
The portion of the base metal whose mechanical properties or microstructure have been altered by the
heat of welding or thermal cutting.
pressure vessel
A container designed to withstand internal or external pressure.
transition temperature
The temperature at which a material fracture mode changes from ductile to brittle.

quality
degree to which a set of inherent characteristics (3.5.1) fulfils requirements (3.1.2)
3.6.4
preventive action
action to eliminate the cause of a potential nonconformity (3.6.2) or other undesirable
potential situation

NOTE 1 There can be more than one cause for a potential nonconformity.
NOTE 2 Preventive action is taken to prevent occurrence whereas corrective action
(3.6.5) is taken to prevent recurrence.
3.6.5
Corrective action
action to eliminate the cause of a detected nonconformity (3.6.2) or other undesirable
situation
NOTE 1 There can be more than one cause for a nonconformity.
NOTE 2 Corrective action is taken to prevent recurrence whereas preventive action
(3.6.4) is taken to prevent occurrence.
NOTE 3 There is a distinction between correction (3.6.6) and corrective action.
audit
systematic, independent and documented process (3.4.1 ) for obtaining audit evidence
(3.9.4) and evaluating it objectively to determine the extent to which audit criteria (3.9.3)
are fulfilled

(a) Welding Procedure Specification (WPS). A WPS is

a written qualified welding procedure prepared to provide
direction for making production welds to Code requirements.
The WPS or other documents may be used to provide
direction to the welder or welding operator to assure
compliance with the Code requirements.
Procedure Qualification Record (PQR). A PQR is
a record of the welding data used to weld a test coupon.
The PQR is a record of variables recorded during the
welding of the test coupons.
To reduce the number of welding procedure
qualifications required: P-Numbers are assigned to base
metals dependent on characteristics such as composition,
weldability, and mechanical properties, where this can logically
be done;
Group Numbers are assigned additionally
to P-Numbers. These Group Numbers classify the metals
within P-Numbers for the purpose of procedure qualification
where notch-toughness requirements are specified..
(f) Multiple WPSs With One PQR/Multiple PQRs With
One WPS. Several WPSs may be prepared from the data
on a single PQR (e.g., a 1G plate PQR may support WPSs
for the F, V, H, and O positions on plate or pipe within
all other essential variables).

A single WPS may cover

several essential variable changes as long as a supporting
PQR exists for each essential and, when required, supplementary
essential variable [e.g., a single WPS may cover
a thickness range from 116 in. (1.5 mm) through 114 in.
(32 mm) if PQRs exist for both the 116 in. (1.5 mm) through

QW-430 F-NUMBERS
QW-431 General
The following F-Number grouping of electrodes and
welding rods in table QW-432 is based essentially on their
usability characteristics, which fundamentally determine
the ability of welders to make satisfactory welds with a
given filler metal. This grouping is made to reduce the
number of welding procedure and performance qualifications,
where this can logically be done. The grouping does
not imply that base metals or filler metals within a group
may be indiscriminately substituted for a metal that was
used in the qualification test without consideration of the
compatibility of the base and filler metals from the standpoint
of metallurgical properties, postweld heat treatment
design and service requirements, and mechanical
properties.
Groove Diameter Limits