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This guide was started by Chua Wen Kiat (Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia).
Contents
[hide]
Preface
About Hardy
lsb_release -a
How to find out the Kernel version of the Ubuntu release you're
using
uname -r
Ubuntu Screenshots
Kubuntu Screenshots
Useful Knowledge
The console, terminal, and shell refer to the same thing - a command line
interface. It can be used to control the system instead of the graphical user
interface (GUI). Many of the tasks within the guide can be performed using
the GUI, but it is simpler for many users to use the command line.
Any command prefixed by 'sudo' is given administrative (or root) access. You
will be prompted for your user password.
man <command>
For example,
man apt-get
In Ubuntu there are two ways to install packages into your system.
You can install packages from the command-line Terminal or from the
Synaptic Package Manager
• Remove a package:
• Open Synaptic:
• http://packages.ubuntu.com/hardy/
• http://packages.ubuntu.com/hardy-updates/
• http://packages.ubuntu.com/hardy-backports/ :
*http://packages.ubuntu.com/hardy-backports/main/newpkg
• Example:
alacarte
locate <applicationname>
NVidia Driver
user@localhost:~$ uname -a
Linux ubuntu804server 2.6.24-17-server #1 SMP Thu May 1 14:28:06 UTC
2008 x86_64 GNU/Linux
You can also install this package from Synaptic Package Manager (which I
did.)
• Reboot
• Some users may receive an error screen: "The software source for the
packsge nvidia-glx-new is not enabled." This can be overcome by going
to System > Administration > Software Sources and ticking all
the boxes under the heading "Downloadable from the Internet", click
close and then allow Ubuntu to reload the package lists. The NVidia
drivers can then be enabled using the method above.
• Reboot.
• For those that own the latest ATi cards (2xxx and 3xxx generations)
and can't have appropriate display with the latest ATi drivers (via
EnvyNG) or with the repository driver.
• Make sure that you don't have another ATI driver installed.
• Also see this location for more info.
xf86-video-radeonhd
Note: This fix is not a permanent fix. It makes your CPU render the video, not
your graphic card. The video will seem pixelated when re-sized at a higher
resolution because the CPU is not able to post-process the video (and taxes
your system resources). There seems to be no current fix for this video
playback issue. This is a driver problem at the X-Server side.
Configuring multiple monitors with a nVidia graphics card
gksu nvidia-settings
You should be able to configure all your monitors, set them to seperate
resolutions, and change their positioning relative to one another. When you
are finished, make sure you click 'Save to X Configuration File'. It is possible
that you may have problems with the boundries of monitors; logging off and
back on again should resolve this.
Installing Codecs
sudo -s -H
or
sudo -i
After that :
apt-get update
apt-get upgrade
Now you have the most of the codecs needed to play most of multimedia you
may own.
Installing DVD Support
Pulseaudio
On Xubuntu, you may experience some glitches with Pulseaudio like no sound
at all after upgrading from Gutsy. The reason may be that the Pulseaudio
daemon is not started. Take note that the sound server is not started at boot
time (to reduce the risk of inter-user audio corruption), but at login time. So,
you will have to add an entry to your autostarted applications for Pulseaudio.
Here is an example:
:[Desktop Entry]
:Encoding=UTF-8
:Version=0.9.4
:Type=Application
:Name=Pulseaudio
:Comment=
:Exec=pulseaudio
:StartupNotify=false
:Terminal=false
:Hidden=false
To remove,
cp /usr/share/applications/vlc.desktop
/home/hildenae/.local/share/applications/vlc-dvd.desktop
gedit ~/.local/share/applications/vlc-dvd.desktop
Exec=vlc %U
with either
gedit ~/.local/share/applications/mimeapps.list
[Added Associations]
x-content/video-dvd=vlc-dvd.desktop;totem.desktop;
Whilst Amarok is a KDE/Qt application, it will work fine on Ubuntu, and can be
installed by typing:
Run Pulseaudio Device Manager from the Applications > Sound and Video
menu to access the tools.
Installing XMMS
Note: XMMS is no longer included in the package tree and must be installed
from source. This guide is based on <http://blog.sartek.net/2008/04/install-
xmms-on-ubuntu-804-hardy-heron.html>.
Instead of that you should consider of making a .deb package so that you
may do an appropriate installation'
XMMS depends on a lot of packages; install them by typing the following into
a terminal:
Download the source from the XMMS website and unpack the .tar.gz:
http://xmms.org/
./configure --prefix=/usr
make
Then install:
You can remove the untarred directory if you so desire. To make audio output
work properly, you may have to change the output audio plugin to ALSA from
the OSS driver. This is done by opening xmms and navigating through the
Options-Preferences menus.
Installing Real Player 11 and Configuring Mozilla Plugin
The following steps show how to install Real Player 11 and Mozilla Plugin for
Firefox 3.0 browsers running on Hardy Heron.
www.real.com
Open a terminal and change to the directory where the file was downloaded.
Grant execute permissions and run the setup using the following commands:
/opt/real/RealPlayer
The installer will copy the files and create menu shortcuts. Then run the
following commands.
cd /usr/lib/firefox-addons/plugins
sudo ln -s /opt/real/RealPlayer/mozilla/nphelix.xpt nphelix.xpt
sudo ln -s /opt/real/RealPlayer/mozilla/nphelix.so nphelix.so
sudo mv /usr/lib/totem/gstreamer/libtotem-complex-plugin.so ~/.
Open Firefox and type about:plugins in the address bar. Scroll down and look
for the following entry.
Start zenoss:
LAMP stands for Linux, Apache, MSQL and PHP. You can install an integrated
package that includes all four from the Synaptic Package manager (if you are
using a Desktop Edition).
This will install all the necessary applications. You may be prompted to decide
on a MySQL root password (set one if you want), and to configure
PHPMyAdmin (select apache2 as the server type). After this is complete, we
need to perform some minor configuration to get PHPMyAdmin working. Type:
Scroll right to the bottom of the file that opens, and add:
# Enable PHPMyAdmin
Include /etc/phpmyadmin/apache.conf
Now save, exit, and type:
Start by adding a new host. This is easy to do via System --> Administration
--> Network; click on the Hosts tab, select the localhost item from the list and
click properties. You may need to click the 'Unlock' button and enter your
password first. Underneath the entry 'localhost', on a new line, add your entry
of choice; for example, we'll use 'testhost'. Add this, and close all the dialogs.
In the resulting file (which may well be empty), add the definition for your
host! My username is 'dan', and I want my webpages to be served from a
directory named 'www' in my home, so I would add:
<VirtualHost *>
ServerName testhost
DocumentRoot /home/dan/www
</Virtualhost>
Complete Systems
LinuxMCE can be installed at the same time as the Kubuntu OS, on a new PC
with an Nvidia graphics card (6000, 7000, or 8000 series), from a single DVD.
At this time, the automatic installer for Linux MCE uses the KDE desktop
(Kubuntu). There are users that have made Linux MCE work with the Gnome
desktop (Ubuntu) and other Linux distributions, but it is recommended to
stick with the Kubuntu OS, as required by the LinuxMCE automatic
installation.
Mythbuntu
Home Security
• However, if that does not work, try the original instructions that worked
for Feisty:
• You must have the LAMP server installed. In addition, you may need
additional modules if they are not satisfied by the package
dependencies:
ftp://www.northern-
ridge.com.au/zoneminder/ubuntu/edgy/zoneminder_1.22.3-8_i386.deb
• Install using the Debian package manager. (No other method seems to
work.)
dpkg -i zoneminder_1.22.3-8_i386.deb
• (Note: If some dependencies are still unsatisfied, make sure you have
these packages installed):
If your installation is successful, you will now need to set up the configuration
files and databases for Zoneminder.
http://localhost/zm
In short:
mysql -u root
mysql> UPDATE mysql.user SET Password=PASSWORD('your_new_password')
WHERE User='root';
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
mysql> quit
In short:
mysql -u root
mysql> CREATE USER 'mysql_user'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY
'mysql_user_passwd';
mysql> quit
• Now you must create a MySQL database for use by Zoneminder. This is
an administrative MySQL command, so you must use one of your
global MySQL users (either root or mysql_user, as created in the
example above). You can name your Zoneminder database anything
you want, instead of zmdatabase.
Myth Zoneminder
MythZoneminder allows you to view your security cameras through Myth TV,
essentially. It is a plugin that interfaces the two packages Zoneminder (which
must be working on your system) and Myth TV (which must also be working.)
It can be found in Synpatic Package Manager as the mythzoneminder
package.
Then, we change, in the BIOS, the boot load sequence and we put the
CD/DVD option first.
After that, we boot the Live CD, we choose the first option and in a few
minutes we have arrived at the Live CD Desktop.
So, we go :
Now, you have to be really careful. You have to enter the right
partition, instead of sda2 (unless it is the same) In the terminal :
cd /
sudo -s -H
mount -t ext3 /dev/sda2 /mnt
mount -t proc proc /mnt/proc
mount -t sysfs sys /mnt/sys
mount -o bind /dev /mnt/dev
chroot /mnt /bin/bash
And now, you are actually "running" Ubuntu within the Hard Drive but
through Live CD's terminal.
1) Restoration to MBR
grub-install /dev/sda
grub-install /dev/sda2
In the first case (that is the most usual) you have certainly installed GRUB on
MBR after you receive, in the terminal, the message that there are no errors.
After you reboot, you have your favorite bootloader restored.
First step is to backup all necessary data, if something goes wrong your data
will be lost in the process if it's not backed up. Also note that your
home folder needs to be located on a separate partition than your root
partition, if not see #How to make partitions.
cat /proc/crypto
If only MD5 is listed, try inserting the appropriate modules into the kernel:
The following commands will assume that your home partition is /dev/sda1,
please change it to match your own configuration.
Next step we use cryptsetup to change the partition with the luksFormat
option, this command will cause you to lose all data on /dev/sda1.
Where algorithm is the algorithm that you chose above such as serpent aes,
etc.
Size is the key size for encryption, this is generally 128 or 256. Without
specifying the algorithm or the size, I believe it defaults to AES 256, more
information and additional options can be found by reading the man page.
The above step will ask you to choose a password and verify it. Do not forget
this password.
We can then use the luksOpen option to open the encrypted drive.
Next, we create the actual filesystem on the device. I use reiserfs, but it could
just as well be ext3.
Or
Next step is to mount your encrypted device and copy your files back to your
home directory.
mkdir new_home
sudo mount /dev/mapper/home new_home
cp -r * new_home
remember home can be any name that you want, just remember that this
maps to /dev/mapper/[name]. The option tries=3 allows 3 tries before a
reboot is required or the disk is not decrypted.
Next enter the device info in fstab that we want to mount on boot.
Final step is to make sure that the proper modules are loaded at boot time.
Now add dm-crypt and the crypto module that you used earlier, such as
serpent, aes, etc. Each needs to be on its own line.
dm-crypt
serpent
That should be it, all that's required is a reboot. During the reboot process,
the computer will say "Starting early crypto disks" and ask for your
passphrase. If the passphrase is accepted, it will unlock the encrypted
partition and mount it on your specified mount point.
Aliases
You can change the way you enter a command in order to be executed by
entering an alias.
This is what you do. Our example is going to be the alias of the command
ls -FCal --color=auto
that shows with colours and many details the contents of a folder.
Open a terminal
and enter
gedit ~/.bashrc
ls -FCal --color=auto
You can do the same thing for other commands that need a lot of switches.
Save the document, close the terminal and reopen it. You may now check
your new alias.
Originally a brownish color to match the Ubuntu theme, it does not quite fit
with other themes and might want to be changed. Enter the gdm.conf file
(sudo gedit /etc/gdm/gdm.conf). About two-thirds of the way down you will
see the lines:
BackgroundColor=#dab082
GraphicalThemedColor=#dab082
BackgroundColor=#000000
GraphicalThemedColor=#000000
The default size of the Terminal window is around 80 columns wide and 24
columns high. To alter this, edit the file /usr/share/vte/termcap/xterm. You can
use the following command:
Just a few lines from the top will be the line reading:
:co#80:it#8:li#24:\
Change the number right after co# to change the width. Change the number
right after li# to change the height.
workgroup = WORKGROUP
workgroup = MSHOME
• Reboot.
Then navigate to
There you can modify your partitions but on those that are NOT on the
System.
More info :
fusion-icon
Add-on Applications
Wine
Wine is a Windows Win32 binary compatibility layer for Linux. Latest install
instructions are always at: WineHQ.org
Install Wine:
PlayOnLinux
Install PlayOnLinux:
Tor is a software project that helps you defend against traffic analysis, a form
of network surveillance that threatens personal freedom and privacy,
confidential business activities and relationships, and state security. Tor
protects you by bouncing your communications around a distributed network
of relays run by volunteers all around the world:
How to Sync your emails, files, bookmarks, and any other type of
personal information
Conduit is a synchronization solution for GNOME which allows the user to take
their emails, files, bookmarks, and any other type of personal information and
synchronize that data with another computer, an online service, or even
another electronic device.Conduit manages the synchronization and
conversion of data into other formats.
Zekr is an open platform Quran study tool for simply browsing and
researching on the Quran.
• Make sure that You have enabled universe and multiverse Ubuntu
repositories.
• Install zekr with the following command:
Instalation:
• Unzip it:
unzip Mupen64Plus-1-3-bin-*.zip
• Go to the directory:
cd Mupen64Plus-1-3-bin-*/
• Install:
./install.sh
Now its installed, you can run it from everywhere typing mupen64plus or just
create an icon to it.
Enjoy.
If you want to install and configure Zattoo in Ubuntu, check out this tutorial.
• This isn't yet a safe way to upgrade to the next version of Ubuntu. The
packages are still in experimental stage, since the dependencies aren't
ready yet. Most users should continue using the current stable edition.
Testers consider running Ibext in a testing environment (for example,
on a Virtual Machine, Wubi or Lubi.)
• Until the first Alphas enter the repositories, the update manager will
not prompt you to install Intrepid Ibex with the command
update-manager -d
sudo -i
cd /etc/apt/
cp sources.list sources.list.backup
sudo -i
aptitude update
aptitude update
aptitude upgrade
aptitude dist-upgrade
aptitude upgrade
Every command should be done alone and you have to check continuously
which packages have conflicts with the old ones and which ones are being
removed. Be careful: if important system packages are removed (libs, gcc ,
xorg packages, bash , ubuntu-desktop , gdm etc), you must reinstall them
(this can happen in the case of meta-packages)
[edit]
• When the first Alphas enter their way into the repositories, change the
repositories:
sudo update-manager -d