The Little Data Book on Africa 2010

From Africa Development Indicators
The Little
Data Book
10
on Africa
Basic indicators Human development
National accounts Agriculture, rural development, and environment
Millennium Development Goals Labor, migration, and population
Paris Declaration indicators HIV/AIDS
Private sector development Malaria
Trade Capable states and partnership
Infrastructure Household welfare

2010 THE LITTLE DATA
BOOK ON AFRICA
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ISBN: 978-0-8213-8255-4
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Contents
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
Users guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi
Country tables (in alphabetical order) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Algeria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Angola . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Benin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Botswana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Burkina Faso. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Burundi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Cameroon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Cape Verde. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Central African Republic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Chad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Comoros . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Congo, Dem. Rep.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Congo, Rep. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Côte d’Ivoire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Djibouti. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Egypt, Arab Rep. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Equatorial Guinea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Eritrea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Ethiopia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Gabon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Gambia, The . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Ghana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Guinea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Guinea-Bissau . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Kenya. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Lesotho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Liberia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Libya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Madagascar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Malawi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Mali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Mauritania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Mauritius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Morocco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Mozambique. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Namibia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Niger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Nigeria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Rwanda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
São Tomé and Príncipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Senegal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Seychelles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Sierra Leone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Somalia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
South Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Sudan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Swaziland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Tanzania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Togo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Tunisia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Uganda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Zambia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Zimbabwe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Glossary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
The Little Data Book on Africa 2010 iii

Acknowledgments
The Little Data Book on Africa 2010 is a product of the Africa Region of the
World Bank. Jorge Saba Arbache was the director of this book and its com-
panions—Africa Development Indicators 2010, ADI Online, and Africa Devel-
opment Indicators 2010—Multiple User CD-ROM. Rose Mungai led the work
on data management, consistency checks, and compilation and provided
overall data quality assurance. Jane Njuguna coordinated all stages of pro-
duction. The core team included Mehdi Akhlaghi, Francoise Genouille, Jane
Njuguna, Mpho Chinyolo, and Christophe Rockmore.
The overall work was carried out under the guidance of Shantayanan
Devarajan, Chief Economist of the Africa Region.
Meta de Coquereaumont, Christopher Trott, and Elaine Wilson of Communi-

cations Development Incorporated provided design, editing, and layout.
iv 2010 The Little Data Book on Africa

Introduction
The Little Data Book on Africa 2010 is a pocket edition of Africa Develop-
ment Indicators 2010. It contains some 115 key indicators on economics,
human development, governance, and partnership and is intended as a
quick reference for users of the Africa Development Indicators 2010 book
and ADI Online. The country tables present the latest available data for
World Bank member countries in Africa.
The Little Data Book on Africa 2010 v

Users guide
Aggregates
Aggregates data are based on the World Bank’s regional classification for
Sub-Saharan Africa and North Africa, which may differ from common geo-
graphic usage. Former Spanish Sahara is not included in any aggregates.
Statistics
Data are for the most recent year available, usually 2008, as economies were
constituted in 2007. Consistent time-series data for 1961–2008 are avail-
able on Africa Development Indicators CD-ROM and ADI Online. Data for some
indicators, including macroeconomic statistics, Doing Business indicators,
investment climate indicators, governance and anticorruption indicators, and
Country Policy and Institutional Assessment ratings, are for 2009 or 2010.
Symbols
.. means that data are not available or that aggregates cannot be calcu-
lated because of missing data in the years shown.
< is less than.
— is not applicable.
$ means current U.S. dollars, unless otherwise noted.
0 or 0.0 means zero or small enough that the number would round to zero
at the displayed number of decimal places.
Data presentation conventions
A billion is 1,000 million.
Growth rates are in real terms, unless otherwise specified.
Data availability, reliability, and comparability
Considerable effort has been made to harmonize the data, but full com-
parability cannot be assured, and care must be taken in interpreting indi-
cators. Many factors affect data availability, reliability, and comparability.
Data coverage may be incomplete because of circumstances affecting the
collection and reporting of data, such as conflicts. Although drawn from
sources thought to be the most authoritative, data should be construed
as indicating trends and characterizing differences across economies. Dis-
crepancies in data presented in different editions of The Little Data Book
on Africa reflect updates from countries as well as revisions to historical
series and changes in methodology. Readers are therefore advised not to
compare data series between editions or across World Bank publications.
The cutoff date for data is September 30, 2009, except for data on official
development assistance, for which the cutoff date is December 8, 2009.
vi 2010 The Little Data Book on Africa

Country tables
The Little Data Book on Africa 2010 1

Algeria Country North
data Africa
Population (millions) 34.4 163.7
Population growth (%) 1.5 1.6
GNI per capita ($) 4,260 3,051
Economic density ($1,000 per sq km) 73,006.1 98,134.8

GDP ($ billions) 173.9 563.1
GDP growth (%) 3.0 5.8
GDP per capita (2000 $) 2,191 2,157
GDP per capita growth (%) 1.5 4.1
GDP deflator, index (2000 = 100, $ series) 231 159
Consumer price index (% change) 4.4 —
Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 9.2 10.4
Industry value added (% of GDP) 72.2 45.2
Services plus discrepancy value added (% of GDP) 23.7 40.3
Current account balance (% of GDP) .. 9.3
Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) 6.2 0.9
Central government revenue (% of GDP) 44.8 30.8
External balance on goods and services (% of GDP) 34.6 9.5
Total external debt (% of GDP) 4.1 17.7
Drivers of growth
Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 71.5 45.5
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 27.9 23.4
Private sector fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 27.9 23.9
Gross primary school enrollment (% of relevant age group) 109.7 106.3
Gross secondary school enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. ..
Gross tertiary school enrollment (% of relevant age group) 24.0 ..
Public spending on education, total (% of gov't expenditure) .. 20.5
Number of startup procedures to register a business 14.0 9.0
Time to start a business (days per procedure) 24 14
Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) 12.1 12.5
Time to register property (days) 47 51
Time to enforce a contract (days) 630 705
Protecting investors, disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 6 6
Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (days) 451 379
Total tax rate (% of profit) 72.0 54.9
Average time to clear direct exports through customs (days) 16.8 9.8
Average time to clear imports through customs (days) 16.8 9.8
Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 41 42
Delay for firms in obtaining electrical connection (days) 49.1 70.2
Electric power outages for firms (number per month) 5.1 5.4
Ratio of paved to total roads (%) 70.2 68.0
Road density (road km per 100 km2 of land area) 4.5 7.0
Real interest rate (%) –7.8 ..
Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 12.9 34.4
Corruption as major constraint (% of firms) 64.7 —
Firms that believe court system is fair, impartial, & uncorrupt (%) .. —
Crime, theft, and disorder as major constraint (% of firms) 0.9 —
Tax rates as major constraint (% of firms) 46.7 —
Finance as major constraint (% of firms) 50.1 —
Electricity as major constraint (% of firms) 48.1 —
Labor regulations as major constraint (% of firms) 13.8 —
Labor skill level as major constraint (% of firms) 36.8 —
Irrigated land (% of cropland) 6.9 ..
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 116.4 893.4
Tractors per 100 hectares of arable land 135 143
Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,390.7 2,483.8
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 59.1 46.4
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24.5 36.9
Terms of trade index (2000 = 100) 188.8 ..
Real effective exchange rate (2000 = 100) 85.0 85.0
Export diversification index (%) 2.4 ..
Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) .. 18,544.3
Workers' remittances received ($ millions) .. 12,090.6
Migrant remittance inflows ($ millions) 2,120.0 18,238.0
2 2010 The Little Data Book on Africa

Country North
data Africa
Participating in growth
Rural population (% of total population) 34.8 47.2
Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population) 47.8 53.9
Population ages 0–24 (% of total population) 49.3 ..
Life expectancy at birth (years) 72.3 71.1
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. ..
Gini index .. ..
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 32.8 29.8
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 37.0 34.6
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. ..
Maternal mortality ratio, nat'l estimate (per 100,000 live births) 117.4 ..
Malnutrition prevalence, height for age (% under age 5) .. ..
Child immunization, measles (% ages 12–23 months) 92.0 95.8
Children sleeping under treated nets (% under age 5) .. ..
HIV prevalence rate (% ages 15–49) 0.1 ..
Deaths of adults and children due to AIDS (thousands) <1.0 ..
Physicians (per 1,000 people) 1.1 ..
Primary school completion rate (% of relevant age group) 95.1 ..
Student-teacher ratio, primary school 24.0 25.9
Youth literacy rate (% ages 15–24) 92.5 ..
Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school .. ..
Labor force participation rate, adult, total (% ages 15–64) 59.7 53.2
Labor force participation rate, adult, male (% ages 15–64) 80.7 77.8
Labor force participation rate, adult, female (% ages 15–64) 38.1 28.8
Labor force participation rate, youth, total (% ages 15–24) 48.3 37.1
Labor force participation rate, youth, male (% ages 15–24) 66.2 51.6
Labor force participation rate, youth, female (% ages 15–24) 29.8 22.1
Improved water source (% of urban pop. with sustainable access) 87.0 96.0
Improved water source (% of rural pop. with sustainable access) 81.0 87.2
Improved sanitation (% of urban pop. with sustainable access) 87.0 59.3
Improved sanitation (% of rural pop. with sustainable access) 98.0 89.9
Telephone subscribers (per 100 people) 90.5 72.2
Urban households with own telephone (%) 38.0 50.1
Mobile phone subscribers (per 100 people) 81.4 59.0
Internet users (per 100 people) 10.3 20.9
Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. ..
Capable states
IDA resource allocation index (1 low to 6 high) .. —
Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 3.2 —
Control of corruption (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.4 —
Voice and accountability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.1 —
Political stability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –1.2 —
Government effectiveness (-2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.5 —
Regulatory quality (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.8 —
Rule of law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) –0.7 —
Combined polity score (–10 autocratic to 10 democratic) 2.0 —
Partnership
Net official development assistance (ODA) ($ millions) 316.0 3,420.2
Net ODA (% of GDP) 0.2 0.6
Net ODA per capita ($) 9.2 20.9
Net ODA from DAC donors ($ millions) 241.3 2,112.9
Net ODA from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) –23.3 168.1
Net ODA from multilateral donors ($ millions) 98.0 1,139.3
Net ODA (% of central government expenditure) 2.7 7.0
PDI-1—Country with operational nat'l development strategies (A–F) .. —
PDI-12—Existence of a mutual accountability review (A–F) .. —

Angola Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa

GDP ($ billions) 83.4 1,003.4
GDP growth (%) 14.8 5.1
GDP per capita (2000 $) 1,357 623
Current account balance (% of GDP) 15.9 –0.5
Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) .. ..
Drivers of growth
Gross primary school enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. 96.8
Gross tertiary school enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. ..
Public spending on education, total (% of gov't expenditure) 6.4 ..
Number of startup procedures to register a business 8 9
Time to enforce a contract (days) 1,011 656
Average time to clear direct exports through customs (days) .. 10.1
Average time to clear imports through customs (days) .. 15.9
Delay for firms in obtaining electrical connection (days) .. 29.1
Electric power outages for firms (number per month) .. 10.5
Corruption as major constraint (% of firms) .. —
Crime, theft, and disorder as major constraint (% of firms) .. —
Tax rates as major constraint (% of firms) .. —
Finance as major constraint (% of firms) .. —
Electricity as major constraint (% of firms) .. —
Labor regulations as major constraint (% of firms) .. —
Labor skill level as major constraint (% of firms) .. —
Irrigated land (% of cropland) 2.2 3.5
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 36.6 ..
Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 490.3 1,251.2
Terms of trade index (2000 = 100) .. ..
Real effective exchange rate (2000 = 100) .. 109.8
Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) –1,805.1 ..
Workers' remittances received ($ millions) 0.0 6,055.6
Migrant remittance inflows ($ millions) .. 18,615.4

Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa
Gini index 58.6 ..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 47.3 ..
Maternal mortality ratio, nat'l estimate (per 100,000 live births) .. ..
HIV prevalence rate (% ages 15–49) 2.1 5.0
Deaths of adults and children due to AIDS (thousands) 11.0 1,500.0
Primary school completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. 63.2
Student-teacher ratio, primary school .. 43.8
Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school .. 87.7
Urban households with own telephone (%) .. ..
Capable states
IDA resource allocation index (1 low to 6 high) 2.7 —
Combined polity score (–10 autocratic to 10 democratic) –2.0 —
Partnership
Net ODA from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 34.2 405.6
Net ODA (% of central government expenditure) .. 24.9

Benin Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa
GNI per capita ($) 690 1,091

GDP ($ billions) 6.7 1,003.4
GDP per capita (2000 $) 359 623
Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. 14.6
Industry value added (% of GDP) .. 36.9
Services plus discrepancy value added (% of GDP) .. 38.8
Current account balance (% of GDP) .. –0.5
External balance on goods and services (% of GDP) .. 4.1
Drivers of growth
Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) .. 33.6
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. 18.5
Private sector fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. 12.9
Number of startup procedures to register a business 7.0 9
Real interest rate (%) .. ..
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. 41.2
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. 37.1
Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) .. ..
Migrant remittance inflows ($ millions) 224.0 18,615.4

Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) 29.0 ..
Gini index 38.6 ..
Urban households with own telephone (%) 2.8 ..
Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) 32.0 ..
Capable states
Voice and accountability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.3 —
Political stability (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.4 —
Partnership
PDI-1—Country with operational nat'l development strategies (A–F) C —
PDI-12—Existence of a mutual accountability review (A–F) B —

Botswana Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa

GDP ($ billions) 13.0 1,003.4
GDP growth (%) –1.0 5.1
GDP per capita (2000 $) 4,440 623
GDP per capita growth (%) –2.2 2.6
Drivers of growth
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) .. ..
Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) –32.3 ..

Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa
Gini index .. ..
Capable states
Control of corruption (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 1.0 —
Government effectiveness (-2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.7 —
Regulatory quality (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.5 —
Rule of law (–2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.6 —
Partnership

Burkina Faso Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa

GDP ($ billions) 7.9 1,003.4
GDP per capita (2000 $) 263 623
Drivers of growth
Gross secondary school enrollment (% of relevant age group) 18.1 ..

Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa
Gini index 39.6 ..
Primary school completion rate (% of relevant age group) 37.1 63.2
Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 84.0 87.7
Capable states
Partnership
PDI-1—Country with operational nat'l development strategies (A–F) B —

Burundi Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa

GDP ($ billions) 1.2 1,003.4
GDP per capita (2000 $) 111 623
Current account balance (% of GDP) –11.8 –0.5
Drivers of growth
Number of startup procedures to register a business 11 9
Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 0.5 ..

Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa
Gini index 33.3 ..
Capable states
Partnership
PDI-12—Existence of a mutual accountability review (A–F) A —

Cameroon Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa

GDP ($ billions) 23.4 1,003.4
GDP per capita (2000 $) 710 623
Drivers of growth
Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (days) 1,400 302
Real interest rate (%) 12.7 ..

Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa
Gini index 44.6 ..
Youth literacy rate (% ages 15–24) .. ..
Capable states
Partnership

Cape Verde Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa

GDP ($ billions) 1.7 1,003.4
GDP per capita (2000 $) 1,632 623
External balance on goods and services (% of GDP) –34.7 4.1
Drivers of growth

Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa
Gini index 50.5 ..
HIV prevalence rate (% ages 15–49) .. 5.0
Deaths of adults and children due to AIDS (thousands) .. 1,500.0
Improved water source (% of urban pop. with sustainable access) .. 81.2
Improved water source (% of rural pop. with sustainable access) .. 45.6
Improved sanitation (% of urban pop. with sustainable access) .. 24.4
Improved sanitation (% of rural pop. with sustainable access) .. 42.5
Capable states
Combined polity score (–10 autocratic to 10 democratic) .. —
Partnership

Central African Republic Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa

GDP ($ billions) 2.0 1,003.4
GDP per capita (2000 $) 230 623
Drivers of growth
Public spending on education, total (% of gov't expenditure) .. ..
Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. 12.1

Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa
Gini index 43.6 ..
Telephone subscribers (per 100 people) .. 30.3
Capable states
Partnership
PDI-1—Country with operational nat'l development strategies (A–F) D —

Chad Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa

GDP ($ billions) 8.4 1,003.4
GDP growth (%) –0.4 5.1
GDP per capita (2000 $) 251 623
Drivers of growth

Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa
Gini index 39.8 ..
Maternal mortality ratio, nat'l estimate (per 100,000 live births) 1,099.0 ..
Capable states
Partnership

Comoros Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa

GDP ($ billions) 0.5 1,003.4
GDP per capita (2000 $) 370 623
Consumer price index (% change) .. —
Drivers of growth
Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) –8.1 33.6
Irrigated land (% of cropland) .. 3.5

Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa
Gini index 64.3 ..
HIV prevalence rate (% ages 15–49) <0.1 5.0
Labor force participation rate, youth, total (% ages 15–24) .. 63.7
Labor force participation rate, youth, male (% ages 15–24) .. 72.2
Labor force participation rate, youth, female (% ages 15–24) .. 55.0
Capable states
Partnership

Congo, Dem. Rep. Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa

GDP ($ billions) 11.6 1,003.4
GDP per capita (2000 $) 99 623
Drivers of growth

Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa
Gini index 44.4 ..
Capable states
Partnership
Net official development assistance (ODA) ($ millions) 1,609.8 35,688.7

Congo, Rep. Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa

GDP ($ billions) 10.7 1,003.4
GDP per capita (2000 $) 1,214 623
Drivers of growth
Firms that believe court system is fair, impartial, & uncorrupt (%) 32.3 —
Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 2,638.4 ..

Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa
Gini index 47.3 ..
Capable states
Partnership

Côte d’Ivoire Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa

GDP ($ billions) 23.4 1,003.4
GDP per capita (2000 $) 530 623
Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) –0.8 ..
Drivers of growth

Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa
Gini index 48.4 ..
Capable states
Partnership
PDI-1—Country with operational nat'l development strategies (A–F) E —

Djibouti Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa

GDP ($ billions) 0.9 1,003.4
GDP per capita (2000 $) 849 623
Central government revenue (% of GDP) .. 25.1
Drivers of growth

Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa
Gini index 40.0 ..
Mobile phone subscribers (per 100 people) .. 32.0
Internet users (per 100 people) .. 4.5
Capable states
Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) .. —
Partnership

Egypt, Arab Rep. Country North
data Africa

GDP ($ billions) 162.8 563.1
GDP per capita (2000 $) 1,784 2,157
Current account balance (% of GDP) 0.3 9.3
Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) –4.6 0.9
Drivers of growth
Public spending on education, total (% of gov't expenditure) 12.6 20.5
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 4,455.3 893.4
Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 10,913.3 18,544.3
Workers' remittances received ($ millions) 7,655.8 12,090.6

Country North
data Africa
Gini index 32.1 ..
HIV prevalence rate (% ages 15–49) .. ..
Capable states
Partnership

Equatorial Guinea Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa
GNI per capita ($) 14,980 1,091

GDP ($ billions) 18.5 1,003.4
GDP growth (%) 11.3 5.1
GDP per capita (2000 $) 8,692 623
Total external debt (% of GDP) .. 22.6
Drivers of growth
Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. 12.1
Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) .. 1,251.2

Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa
Gini index .. ..
Capable states
Partnership

Eritrea Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa

GDP ($ billions) 1.7 1,003.4
GDP per capita (2000 $) 147 623
Drivers of growth

Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa
Gini index .. ..
Capable states
Partnership

Ethiopia Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa

GDP ($ billions) 26.5 1,003.4
GDP growth (%) 11.3 5.1
GDP per capita (2000 $) 190 623
Drivers of growth
Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) .. 39.4

Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa
Gini index 29.8 ..
Capable states
Partnership
Net ODA from DAC donors ($ millions) 1,839.0 21,253.7
Net ODA from multilateral donors ($ millions) 1,453.1 14,029.4

Gabon Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa

GDP ($ billions) 14.4 1,003.4
GDP per capita (2000 $) 4,157 623
Drivers of growth

Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa
Gini index 41.5 ..
Capable states
Partnership

Gambia, The Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa

GDP ($ billions) 0.8 1,003.4
GDP per capita (2000 $) 374 623
Drivers of growth

Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa
Gini index 47.3 ..
Capable states
Partnership

Ghana Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa

GDP ($ billions) 16.1 1,003.4
GDP per capita (2000 $) 327 623
Drivers of growth

Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa
Gini index 42.8 ..
Malnutrition prevalence, height for age (% under age 5) 28.0 ..
Capable states
Partnership

Guinea Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa

GDP ($ billions) 4.3 1,003.4
GDP per capita (2000 $) 417 623
Drivers of growth

Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa
Gini index 43.3 ..
Capable states
Partnership

Guinea-Bissau Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa

GDP ($ billions) 0.4 1,003.4
GDP per capita (2000 $) 128 623
Drivers of growth

Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa
Gini index 35.5 ..
Capable states
Partnership

Kenya Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa

GDP ($ billions) 34.5 1,003.4
GDP per capita (2000 $) 464 623
Drivers of growth

Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa
Gini index .. ..
Capable states
Partnership

Lesotho Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa
Population (millions) 0 819.3

GDP ($ billions) 1.6 1,003.4
GDP per capita (2000 $) 525 623
Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) 8.8 ..
Drivers of growth

Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa
Gini index 52.5 ..
Capable states
Partnership

Liberia Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa

GDP ($ billions) 0.9 1,003.4
GDP per capita (2000 $) 148 623
Drivers of growth

Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa
Gini index .. ..
Capable states
Partnership
Net ODA (% of GDP) 143.7 3.5

Libya Country North
data Africa
GNI per capita ($) 11,590 3,051

GDP ($ billions) 99.9 563.1
GDP per capita (2000 $) 7,740 2,157
Current account balance (% of GDP) 48.8 9.3
Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) .. 0.9
Drivers of growth
Public spending on education, total (% of gov't expenditure) .. 20.5
Number of startup procedures to register a business .. 9.0
Time to start a business (days per procedure) .. 14
Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) .. 12.5
Time to register property (days) .. 51
Time to enforce a contract (days) .. 705
Protecting investors, disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) .. 6
Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (days) .. 379
Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 54.9
Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) .. 42

Country North
data Africa
Gini index .. ..
HIV prevalence rate (% ages 15–49) .. ..
Deaths of adults and children due to AIDS (thousands) .. ..
Primary school completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. ..
Student-teacher ratio, primary school .. 25.9
Improved water source (% of urban pop. with sustainable access) .. 96.0
Urban households with own telephone (%) .. 50.1
Capable states
Partnership

Madagascar Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa

GDP ($ billions) 9.0 1,003.4
GDP per capita (2000 $) 271 623
Drivers of growth

Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa
Gini index 47.2 ..
Deaths of adults and children due to AIDS (thousands) <1.0 1,500.0
Capable states
Partnership

Malawi Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa

GDP ($ billions) 4.3 1,003.4
GDP per capita (2000 $) 165 623
Drivers of growth

Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa
Gini index 39.0 ..
Capable states
Partnership

Mali Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa

GDP ($ billions) 8.7 1,003.4
GDP per capita (2000 $) 295 623
Drivers of growth

Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa
Gini index 39.0 ..
Capable states
Partnership

Mauritania Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa

GDP ($ billions) 2.9 1,003.4
GDP per capita (2000 $) 480 623
Drivers of growth

Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa
Gini index 39.0 ..
Capable states
Partnership

Mauritius Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa
Economic density ($1,000 per sq km) 4,261,606.7 42,465.8

GDP ($ billions) 8.7 1,003.4
GDP per capita (2000 $) 4,929 623
Drivers of growth
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 2,581.2 ..

Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa
Gini index .. ..
Deaths of adults and children due to AIDS (thousands) <1.0 1,500.0
Capable states
Partnership

Morocco Country North
data Africa

GDP per capita (2000 $) 1,770 2,157
Current account balance (% of GDP) –0.2 9.3
Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) 2.5 0.9
Drivers of growth

Country North
data Africa
Gini index 40.9 ..
Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 88.1 ..
Capable states
Partnership

Mozambique Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa

GDP ($ billions) 9.7 1,003.4
GDP per capita (2000 $) 365 623
Drivers of growth

Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa
Gini index 47.3 ..
Capable states
Partnership

Namibia Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa

GDP ($ billions) 8.6 1,003.4
GDP per capita (2000 $) 2,692 623
Drivers of growth

Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa
Gini index .. ..
Capable states
Partnership

Niger Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa

GDP ($ billions) 5.4 1,003.4
GDP per capita (2000 $) 180 623
Drivers of growth

Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa
Gini index 43.9 ..
Capable states
Partnership

Nigeria Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa

GDP ($ billions) 212.1 1,003.4
GDP per capita (2000 $) 487 623
Drivers of growth

Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa
Gini index 43.7 ..
Capable states
Partnership

Rwanda Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa

GDP ($ billions) 4.5 1,003.4
GDP growth (%) 11.2 5.1
GDP per capita (2000 $) 313 623
Drivers of growth

Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa
Gini index 46.7 ..
Capable states
Partnership

São Tomé and Príncipe Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa

GDP ($ billions) 0.2 1,003.4
GDP growth (%) .. 5.1
GDP per capita (2000 $) .. 623
GDP deflator, index (2000 = 100, $ series) .. 196
Drivers of growth

Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa
Gini index .. ..
Capable states
Partnership

Senegal Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa

GDP ($ billions) 13.2 1,003.4
GDP per capita (2000 $) 530 623
Drivers of growth

Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa
Gini index 39.2 ..
Capable states
Partnership

Seychelles Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa
GNI per capita ($) 10,290 1,091
Economic density ($1,000 per sq km) 1,810,904.6 42,465.8

GDP ($ billions) 0.8 1,003.4
GDP per capita (2000 $) 8,267 623
Drivers of growth
Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) .. 1,251.2

Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa
Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population) .. 85.3
Population ages 0–24 (% of total population) .. ..
Gini index .. ..
Labor force participation rate, adult, total (% ages 15–64) .. 70.9
Labor force participation rate, adult, male (% ages 15–64) .. 80.8
Labor force participation rate, adult, female (% ages 15–64) .. 61.2
Labor force participation rate, youth, total (% ages 15–24) .. 63.7
Labor force participation rate, youth, male (% ages 15–24) .. 72.2
Labor force participation rate, youth, female (% ages 15–24) .. 55.0
Improved sanitation (% of rural pop. with sustainable access) .. 42.5
Capable states
Partnership

Sierra Leone Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa

GDP ($ billions) 2.0 1,003.4
GDP per capita (2000 $) 262 623
Drivers of growth

Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa
Gini index 37.0 ..
Capable states
Partnership

Somalia Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa
GNI per capita ($) .. 1,091
Economic density ($1,000 per sq km) .. 42,465.8

GDP ($ billions) .. 1,003.4
GDP per capita growth (%) .. 2.6
Drivers of growth
Number of startup procedures to register a business .. 9
Time to start a business (days per procedure) .. 45
Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) .. 197.5
Time to register property (days) .. 80
Time to enforce a contract (days) .. 656
Protecting investors, disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) .. 5
Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (days) .. 302
Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 66.8
Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) .. 36

Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa
Gini index .. ..
Physicians (per 1,000 people) .. ..
Capable states
Partnership
Net ODA (% of GDP) .. 3.5

South Africa Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa

GDP ($ billions) 276.8 1,003.4
GDP per capita (2000 $) 3,764 623
Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) 1.6 ..
Drivers of growth

Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa
Gini index 57.8 ..
Capable states
Partnership

Sudan Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa

GDP ($ billions) 58.4 1,003.4
GDP per capita (2000 $) 532 623
Drivers of growth

Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa
Gini index .. ..
Capable states
Partnership

Swaziland Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa

GDP ($ billions) 2.6 1,003.4
GDP per capita (2000 $) 1,559 623
Drivers of growth

Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa
Gini index 50.7 ..
Capable states
Partnership

Tanzania Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa

GDP ($ billions) 20.5 1,003.4
GDP per capita (2000 $) 362 623
Drivers of growth

Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa
Gini index 34.6 ..
Capable states
Partnership

Togo Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa

GDP ($ billions) 2.8 1,003.4
GDP per capita (2000 $) 245 623
Drivers of growth

Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa
Gini index 34.4 ..
Capable states
Partnership

Tunisia Country North
data Africa

GDP per capita (2000 $) 2,760 2,157
Current account balance (% of GDP) –2.6 9.3
Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) –3.2 0.9
Drivers of growth

Country North
data Africa
Gini index 40.8 ..
Urban households with own telephone (%) .. 50.1
Capable states
Partnership

Uganda Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa

GDP ($ billions) 14.5 1,003.4
GDP per capita (2000 $) 348 623
Drivers of growth

Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa
Gini index 40.8 ..
Capable states
Partnership

Zambia Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa

GDP ($ billions) 14.3 1,003.4
GDP per capita (2000 $) 387 623
Drivers of growth

Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa
Gini index 50.7 ..
Capable states
Partnership

Zimbabwe Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa
GNI per capita ($) .. 1,091
Economic density ($1,000 per sq km) .. 42,465.8

GDP ($ billions) .. 1,003.4
GDP per capita growth (%) .. 2.6
Consumer price index (% change) 24,411.0 —
Drivers of growth
Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) 4,999.5 197.5

Country Sub-Saharan
data Africa
Gini index .. ..
Capable states
Partnership
Net ODA (% of GDP) .. 3.5

Glossary
Age dependency ratio is the ratio of dependents—people younger than
age 15 or older than age 64—to the working-age population—people ages
15–64. (World Bank)
Agriculture value added is the gross output of forestry, hunting, and fishing
as well as cultivation of crops and livestock production (International Stan-
dard Industrial Classification revision 3 divisions 1–5) less the value of their
intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for deprecia-
tion of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources.
For countries that report that report national accounts data at producer
prices (Benin, the Republic of Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Gabon, Ghana, Niger,
Rwanda, Tanzania, Togo, and Tunisia), gross value added at market prices
is used as the denominator. For countries that report national accounts
data at basic prices (all other countries), gross value added at factor cost is
used as the denominator. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-
operation and Development national accounts data files)
Average time to clear direct exports through customs is the number

of days to clear direct exports through customs. (World Bank Enterprise
Surveys)
Average time to clear imports through customs is the average number of

days to clear imports through customs. (World Bank Enterprise Surveys)
Births attended by skilled health staff are the percentage of deliveries

attended by personnel trained to give the necessary supervision, care, and
advice to women during pregnancy, labor, and the postpartum period; to
conduct deliveries on their own; and to care for newborns. (United Nations
Children's Fund's State of the World's Children, Childinfo, and Demographic
and Health Surveys by Macro International)
Central government revenue is cash receipts from taxes, social contri-

butions, and other revenue such as fines, fees, rent, and other income
from property sales as a proportion of total gross domestic product (GDP).
Grants, although also considered revenue, are excluded. (World Bank
and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development national
accounts data files)
Cereal crop yield includes wheat, rice, maize, barley, oats, rye, millet, sor-
ghum, buckwheat, and mixed grains. Cereal crops harvested for hay or
harvested green for food, feed, or silage and those used for grazing are
excluded. (Food and Agriculture Organization's Production Yearbook and
data files)
Child immunization, measles, is the percentage of children ages 12–23

months who received vaccinations for measles before 12 months or at any
time before the survey. A child is considered adequately immunized against
measles after receiving one dose of vaccine. (World Health Organization
and United Nations Children's Fund)

Children sleeping under treated nets are the percentage of the children
under age 5 with access to an insecticide-treated bednets to prevent
malaria. (United Nations Children's Fund's State of the World’s Children and
Childinfo, and Demographic and Health Surveys by Macro International)
Combined polity score is computed by subtracting the institutionalized

autocracy score from the institutionalized democracy score. The institu-
tionalized democracy score is based on the presence of institutions and
procedures through which citizens can express effective preferences
about alternative policies and leaders, the existence of institutionalized
constraints on the exercise of power by the executive, and the guarantee
of civil liberties to all citizens in their daily lives and in acts of political
participation. The institutionalized autocracy score is based on a lack of
regularized political competition and concern for political freedoms, the
sharp restriction or suppression of competitive political participation, and
limited institutional constraints for the executive. The combined polity
scale ranges from –10 (strongly autocratic) to +10 (strongly democratic).
(Center for Systemic Peace’s Polity IV Project Political Regime Characteris-
tics and Transitions)
Consumer price index reflects changes in the cost to the average con-
sumer of acquiring a basket of goods and services that may be fixed or
changed at specified intervals, such as yearly. The Laspeyres formula is
generally used. (International Monetary Fund's International Financial Sta-
tistics database and data files)
Control of corruption measures the extent to which public power is exer-

cised for private gain, including petty and grand forms of corruption, as
well as “capture” of the state by elites and private interests. (World Bank
Institute’s Worldwide Governance Indicators database)
Corruption as major constraint is the percentage of firms identifying cor-

ruption as a major constraint to current operations. (World Bank Enterprise
Surveys)
Corruption Perceptions Index score is the country’s score in Transpar-

ency International’s annual Corruption Perceptions Index, as determined by
expert assessments and opinion surveys. (Transparency International)
Cost to start a business is normalized by presenting it as a percentage

of gross national income (GNI) per capita. (World Bank’s Doing Business
project)
Crime, theft, and disorder as major constraint are the percentage of firms
that ranked crime, theft, and disorder as a major constraint to current oper-
ations. (World Bank Enterprise Surveys)
Current account balance is the sum of net exports of goods and services,
net income, and net current transfers. All transfers not considered to be

Glossary
capital are current. (International Monetary Fund's International Financial
Statistics database and data files)
Deaths of adults and children due to HIV/AIDS are the estimated number
of adults and children that have died based on the modeling of HIV sur-
veillance data using standard and appropriate tools. (Joint United Nations
Programme on HIV/AIDS and World Health Organizaiton's Report on the
Global AIDS Epidemic).
Delay for firms in obtaining electrical connection is the average delay in

days that firms experience when obtaining an electrical connection, mea-
sured from the day the establishment applied to the day it received the
service or approval. (World Bank Enterprise Surveys)
Domestic credit to private sector is financial resources provided to the

private sector, such as loans, purchases of nonequity securities, and trade
credits and other accounts receivable, that establish a claim for repay-
ment. For some countries these claims include credit to public enterprises.
(International Monetary Fund's International Financial Statistics and data
files, and World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and
Development gross domestic product estimates)
Economic density is gross domestic product (GDP) at market prices in cur-

rent U.S. dollars divided by the total land area in square kilometers. Land
area refers to the land surface area of a country, excluding inland waters.
GDP at market prices in current U.S. dollars is based on the GDP at market
prices in local currency units, which is converted to dollars at the official
exchange rate. If the official exchange rate is significantly different from
the prevailing market rate or shows extreme volatility, the local currency is
converted into U.S. dollars using an alternative conversion factor. (World
Bank’s World Development Indicators database)
Electricity as major constraint is the percentage of firms that ranked elec-

tricity as a major constraint to current operations. (World Bank Enterprise
Surveys)
Electric power outages for firms are the average number of days per year
that establishments experienced power outages or surges from the public
grid. (World Bank Enterprise Surveys)
Export diversification index measures the extent to which exports are

diversified. It is constructed as the inverse of a Herfindahl index, using
disaggregated exports at four digits (following the Standard International
Trade Classification revision 3). A higher index indicates more export diver-
sification. (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development)
Exports of goods and services represent the value of all goods and other
market services provided to the rest of the world. They include the value
of merchandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license
fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial,

information, business, personal, and government services. They exclude
labor and property income (formerly called factor services) as well as trans-
fer payments. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation
and Development national accounts data files)
External balance on goods and services is the difference between exports

of goods and services (the value of all goods and other market services
provided to the rest of the world and imports of goods and services (the
value of all goods and other market services received from the rest of the
world). (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Devel-
opment national accounts data files)
Fertilizer consumption is total consumption of nitrogenous, phosphate, and

potash fertilizers. (Food and Agriculture Organization’s Fertilizer Yearbook)
Finance as major constraint is the percentage of firms that ranked access

to finance or cost of finance as a major constraint to current operations.
(World Bank Enterprise Surveys)
Firms that believe court system is fair, impartial, and uncorrupt are the
percentage of firms that believe the court system is fair, impartial, and
uncorrupt. (World Bank’s Doing Business project)
Fiscal balance is revenue (including grants) minus expense, minus net

acquisition of nonfinancial assets. (International Monetary Fund's Gov-
ernment Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files, and World Bank and
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development gross domestic
product estimates)
Foreign direct investment, net inflows, are investment by residents of

the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development’s (OECD)
Development Assistance Committee (DAC) member countries to acquire
a lasting management interest (at least 10 percent of voting stock) in an
enterprise operating in the recipient country. The data reflect changes in
the net worth of subsidiaries in recipient countries whose parent company
is in the DAC source country. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators
database)
Gini index is the most commonly used measure of inequality. The coef-
ficient ranges from 0, which reflects complete equality, to 1, which indi-
cates complete inequality (one person has all the income or consumption,
all others have none). Graphically, the Gini coefficient can be easily rep-
resented by the area between the Lorenz curve and the line of equality.
(World Bank’s World Development Indicators database)
Government effectiveness measures the quality of public services, the

quality and degree of independence from political pressures of the civil
service, the quality of policy formulation and implementation, and the cred-
ibility of the government’s commitment to such policies. (World Bank Insti-
tute’s Worldwide Governance Indicators database)

Glossary
Gross domestic product (GDP) is the sum of gross value added by all
resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any
subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated with-
out making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for deple-
tion and degradation of natural resources. GDP data are shown at market
prices (also known as purchaser values) and converted from domestic cur-
rencies using single year official exchange rates. For a few countries where
the official exchange rate does not reflect the rate effectively applied to
actual foreign exchange transactions, an alternative conversion factor is
used. The sum of the components of GDP by industrial origin (presented
here as value added) will not normally equal total GDP for several rea-
sons. First, components of GDP by expenditure are individually rescaled
and summed to provide a partially rebased series for total GDP. Second,
total GDP is shown at purchaser value, while value added components are
conventionally reported at producer prices. As explained above, purchaser
values exclude net indirect taxes, while producer prices include indirect
taxes. Third, certain items, such as imputed bank charges, are added in
total GDP. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and
Development national accounts data files)
Gross domestic product (GDP) growth is the average annual growth rate
calculated from GDP at constant 2000 prices. (World Bank and Organisation
for Economic Co-operation and Development national accounts data files)
Gross domestic product (GDP) deflator, index, is nominal GDP in current

U.S. dollars divided by real GDP in constant 2000 U.S. dollars, expressed
as an index with base year 2000. The series shows the effects of domestic
price changes and exchange rate variations. (World Bank and Organisation
for Economic Co-operation and Development national accounts data files)
Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita is calculated by dividing real GDP
by the corresponding midyear population. (World Bank and Organisation for
Economic Co-operation and Development national accounts data files)
Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita growth is the average annual
growth rate of real GDP per capita. (World Bank and Organisation for Eco-
nomic Co-operation and Development national accounts data files)
Gross domestic savings is calculated by deducting total consumption from

nominal gross domestic product (World Bank and Organisation for Eco-
Gross fixed capital formation is gross domestic fixed capital formation

plus net changes in the level of inventories. Gross capital formation
comprises outlays by the public sector and the private sector. Examples
include improvements in land, dwellings, machinery, and other equipment.
For some countries the sum of gross private investment and gross public
investment does not total gross domestic investment due to statistical
discrepancies. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation

Gross national income (GNI) per capita is the sum of value added by all
resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in
the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation
of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are converted from
national currency in current prices to U.S. dollars using the World Bank
Atlas method. It is similar in concept to GNI per capita in current prices,
except that the use of three-year averages of exchange rates smoothes
out sharp fluctuations from year to year. (World Bank’s World Development
Indicators database)
Gross primary school enrollment is the ratio of total enrollment, regard-

less of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds
to the primary level of education. Primary education provides children with
basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary
understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science,
social science, art, and music. (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and
Cultural Organization Institute for Statistics)
Gross secondary school enrollment is the ratio of total enrollment, regard-

less of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to
the secondary level of education. Secondary education completes the pro-
vision of basic education that began at the primary level and aims at laying
the foundations for lifelong learning and human development by offering
more subject- or skill-oriented instruction using more specialized teachers.
(United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization Institute
for Statistics)
Gross tertiary school enrollment is the ratio of total enrollment, regard-

less of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds
to the tertiary level of education. Tertiary education, whether or not to an
advanced research qualification, normally requires, as a minimum condi-
tion of admission, the successful completion of education at the second-
ary level. (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization
Institute for Statistics)
HIV prevalence rate is the percentage of people ages 15–49 infected with
HIV. (Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS and the World Health
Organization’s Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic)
IDA resource allocation index assesses the quality of a country’s current

policy and institutional framework. “Quality” means how conducive that
framework is to fostering sustainable, poverty-reducing growth and the
effective use of development assistance. Ratings are based on 16 crite-
ria, grouped in four clusters: economic management, structural policies,
policies for social inclusion and equity, and public sector management and
institutions. The criteria reflect a balance between ensuring that all key fac-
tors that foster pro-poor growth and poverty alleviation are captured without
overly burdening the evaluation process. Country scores reflect a variety
of indicators and judgments that are based on country knowledge, analytic
work, policy dialogue, or work done by partners as well as relevant publicly

Glossary
available indicators. The rating scale for each criterion varies from 1 (low) to
6 (high). Countries may also receive intermediate scores of 1.5, 2.5, 3.5,
4.5, and 5.5. The ratings are the main determinant of prospects for cur-
rent aid effectiveness. Improvements in policies and institutions during the
course of the year are reflected in the subsequent year’s performance rat-
ings. (World Bank Country Policy and Institutional Assessment database)
Imports of goods and services represent the value of all goods and other
market services received from the rest of the world. They include the value
of merchandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license
fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial,
information, business, personal, and government services. They exclude
labor and property income (formerly called factor services) as well as trans-
fer payments. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation
Improved sanitation refers to the percentage of the population with at

least adequate access to excreta disposal facilities that are private or
shared (but not public) and that can effectively prevent human, animal,
and insect contact with excreta. Improved facilities range from simple but
protected pit latrines to flush toilets with a sewerage connection. To be
effective, facilities must be correctly constructed and properly maintained.
(World Health Organization and United Nations Children’s Fund’s Progress
on Drinking Water and Sanitation)
Improved water source refers to the percentage of the population with rea-
sonable access to an adequate amount of water from an improved source,
such as a household connection, public standpipe, borehole, protected
well or spring, or rainwater collection. Unimproved sources include vendors,
tanker trucks, and unprotected wells and springs. Reasonable access is
defined as the availability of at least 20 liters a person a day from a source
within one kilometer of the dwelling. (World Health Organization and United
Nations Children’s Fund’s Progress on Drinking Water and Sanitation)
Industry value added is the gross output of mining, manufacturing, con-

struction, electricity, water, and gas (International Standard Industrial
Classification revision 3 divisions 10–45) less the value of their intermedi-
ate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of
fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. For
countries that report that report national accounts data at producer prices
(Benin, the Republic of Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Gabon, Ghana, Niger, Rwanda,
Tanzania, Togo, and Tunisia), gross value added at market prices is used as
the denominator. For countries that report national accounts data at basic
prices (all other countries), gross value added at factor cost is used as the
denominator. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and
Infant mortality rate is the number of infants dying before reaching one
year of age, per 1,000 live births. (World Health Organization, United
Nations Children’s Fund, and World Bank)

Internet users are the number of people with access to the worldwide net-
work, per 100 people. (International Telecommunication Union)
Irrigated land is areas equipped to provide water to crops. These include

areas equipped for full and partial control irrigation, spate irrigation, and
equipped wetland or inland valley bottoms. (Food and Agriculture Organiza-
tion’s Production Yearbook and data files)
Labor force participation rate is the percentage of the population of the

specified age group that is economically active—that is, all people who
supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified
period. (International Labour Organization's Estimates and Projections of
the Economically Active Population database)
Labor regulations as major constraint are the percentage of firms that

ranked labor regulations as a major constraint to current operations. (World
Bank Enterprise Surveys)
Labor skills as major constraint are the percentage of firms that ranked
skills of available workers as a major constraint to current operations.
(World Bank Enterprise Surveys)
Life expectancy at birth is the number of years a newborn infant would live
if prevailing patterns of mortality at the time of its birth were to remain the
same throughout its life. (World Bank)
Malnutrition prevalence, height for age, is the percentage of children

under age 5 whose height for age is more than two standard deviations
below the median for the international reference population ages 0–59
months. For children up to age 2 height is measured by recumbent length.
For older children height is measured by stature while standing. The refer-
ence population adopted by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1983
is based on children from the United States, who are assumed to be well
nourished. (World Health Organization's Global Database on Child Growth
and Malnutrition)
Maternal mortality ratio, national estimate, is the number of women

who die from pregnancy-related causes during pregnancy and childbirth,
per 100,000 live births. (United Nations Children's Fund's State of the
World's Children, Childinfo, and Demographic and Health Surveys by Macro
International)
Migrant remittance inflows are the sum of workers' remittances, compen-

sation of employees, and migrants’ transfers, as recorded in the Interna-
tional Monetary Fund’s Balance of Payments. (World Bank and International
Monetary Fund’s Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook 2008)
Mobile phone subscribers are the number of people with a subscription to

a public mobile telephone service using cellular technology, which provides
access to the public switched telephone network. Post-paid and prepaid

Glossary
subscriptions are included. (International Telecommunication Union's
World Telecommunication Development Report and database, and World
Bank. Please cite the International Telecommunication Union for third-party
use of these data.)
Net official development assistance (ODA) is net ODA from the Organi-
sation for Economic Co-operation and Development’s Development Assis-
tance Committee (DAC), non-DAC bilateral ODA (from the Organization of
Petroleum Exporting Countries [OPEC], the former Council for Mutual Eco-
nomic Assistance [CMEA] countries, and China), and ODA from multilat-
eral donors. OPEC countries are Algeria, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria,
Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela. The former
CMEA countries are Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, the former German Demo-
cratic Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and the former Soviet Union).
(Organisation for Economic Co-operation)
Net official development assistance (ODA) as a share of central govern-

ment expenditure is calculated by dividing nominal total net ODA by cen-
tral government expenditure. (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and
Development, and International Monetary Fund government expenditures
estimates)
Net official development assistance (ODA) aid as a share of gross

domestic product (GDP) is calculated by dividing nominal total net ODA
by nominal GDP. For a given level of aid flows, devaluation of a recipient’s
currency may inflate the ratios shown. Thus, trends for a given country and
comparisons across countries that have implemented different exchange
rate policies should be interpreted carefully. (Organisation for Economic
Co-operation and Development, and World Bank and Organisation for Eco-
Net official development assistance (ODA) from Development Assistance

Committe (DAC) donors is net ODA from the Organisation for Economic Co-
operation and Development DAC donors, which include Australia, Austria,
Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland,
Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal,
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
(Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development)
Net official development assistance (ODA) from multilateral donors is net

ODA from multilateral sources, such as the African Development Fund, the
European Development Fund for the Commission of the European Commu-
nities, the International Development Association, the International Fund
for Agricultural Development, Arab- and Organization of Petroleum Export-
ing Countries (OPEC)–financed multilateral agencies, and UN programs and
agencies. Aid flows from the International Monetary Fund’s Trust Fund and
Structural Adjustment Facility are also included. UN programs and agen-
cies include the United Nations Technical Assistance Programme, the
United Nations Development Programme, the United Nations Office of the
High Commissioner for Refugees, the United Nations Children’s Fund, and

the World Food Programme. Arab- and OPEC-financed multilateral agencies
include the Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa, the Arab Fund
for Economic and Social Development, the Islamic Development Bank, the
OPEC Fund for International Development, the Arab Authority for Agricul-
tural Investment and Development, the Arab Fund for Technical Assistance
to African and Arab Countries, and the Islamic Solidarity Fund. (Organisa-
tion for Economic Co-operation and Development)
Net official development assistance (ODA) from non–Development ASs-

sitance Committe (DAC) bilateral donors is net ODA from the Organisa-
tion for Economic Co-operation and Devleopment's non-DAC donors, which
include the Czech Republic, Hungary, Iceland, Israel, the Republic of Korea,
Kuwait, Poland, Saudi Arabia, the Slovak Republic, Taiwan (China), Thai-
land, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, and other donors. (Organisation for
Economic Co-operation and Development)
Net official development assistance (ODA) per capita is calculated by

dividing nominal total net ODA by midyear population. It offers some indi-
cation of the importance of aid flows in sustaining per capita income and
consumption levels, although exchange rate fluctuations, the actual rise of
aid flows, and other factors vary across countries and over time. (Organisa-
tion for Economic Co-operation and Development)
Number of startup procedures to register a business is the number of

procedures required to start a business, including interactions to obtain
necessary permits and licenses and to complete all inscriptions, verifica-
tions, and notifications to start operations. (World Bank’s Doing Business
project)
PDI-1—Country with operational national development strategies are

the extent to which a country has an operational development strategy to
guide the aid coordination effort and the country’s overall development.
The score is based on the World Bank’s 2005 Comprehensive Develop-
ment Framework Progress Report. An operational strategy calls for a coher-
ent long-term strategy derived from it; specific targets serving a holistic,
balanced, and well sequenced development strategy; and capacity and
resources for its implementation. (Overview of the Results: 2007 Survey on
Monitoring the Paris Declaration and World Bank data.)
PDI-12—Existence of a mutual accountability review indicates whether

there is a mechanism for mutual review of progress on aid effectiveness
commitments. This is an important innovation of the Paris Declaration
because it develops the idea that aid is more effective when both donors
and partner governments are accountable to their constituents for the use
of resources to achieve development results and when they are account-
able to each other. The specific focus is mutual accountability for the
implementation of the partnership commitments included in the Paris Dec-
laration and any local agreements on enhancing aid effectiveness. (Over-
view of the Results: 2007 Survey on Monitoring the Paris Declaration and
World Bank data).

Glossary
Physicians are the number of physicians, including generalists and spe-
cialists, per 1,000 people. (World Health Organization, Organisation for
Economic Co-operation and Development, and TransMONEE)
Political stability measures the perceptions of the likelihood that the gov-
ernment will be destabilized or overthrown by unconstitutional or violent
means, including domestic violence or terrorism. (World Bank Institute’s
Worldwide Governance Indicators database)
Population is total population, based on the de facto definition of popula-

tion, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship,
except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who
are generally considered part of the population of their country of origin.
The values shown are midyear estimates. (World Bank’s World Develop-
ment Indicators database)
Population growth is the one-year rate of growth in total population. (World

Bank’s World Development Indicators database)
Population ages 0–24 is the percentage of the total population that is in

the age group 0–24. (World Bank)
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line is the percentage of the

population living below the national poverty line. National estimates are
based on population-weighted subgroup estimates from household sur-
veys. (World Bank)
Primary school completion rate is the percentage of students complet-

ing the last year of primary school. It is calculated as the total number of
students in the last grade of primary school minus the number of repeaters
in that grade, divided by the total number of children of official gradua-
tion age. (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization
Institute for Statistics)
Private sector fixed capital formation is gross fixed capital formation for
the private sector. Gross fixed capital formation consists of gross domestic
fixed capital formation plus net changes in the level of inventories, divided
by gross domestic product (GDP), which is obtained by converting national
currency GDP series in current prices to U.S. dollars at official annual
exchange rates. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation
Protecting investors, disclosure index, measures the degree to which

investors are protected through disclosure of ownership and financial infor-
mation. Higher values indicate more disclosure. (World Bank’s Doing Busi-
ness project)
Public spending on education is current and capital public expenditure on

education plus subsidies to private education at the primary, secondary,
and tertiary levels by local, regional, and national government, including

municipalities. It excludes household contributions. (United Nations Educa-
tional, Scientific, and Cultural Organization Institute for Statistics)
Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school is the ratio of the
female gross enrollment rate to the to male gross enrollment rate in pri-
mary and secondary school. (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and
Cultural Organization Institute for Statistics)
Ratio of paved to total roads is the length of paved roads, which are surfaced
with crushed stone (macadam) and hydrocarbon binder or bituminized agents,
with concrete, or with cobblestones, as a percentage of the length of all the
country’s roads. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators database)
Real effective exchange rate is the nominal effective exchange rate (a

measure of the value of a currency against a weighted average of several
foreign currencies) divided by a price deflator or index of costs. (Interna-
tional Monetary Fund’s International Financial Statistics).
Real interest rate is the lending interest rate adjusted for inflation as mea-
sured by the gross domestic product (GDP) deflator. (International Mone-
tary Fund’s International Financial Statistics and data files and World Bank)
Regulatory quality measures the ability of the government to formulate

and implement sound policies and regulations that permit and promote
private sector development (World Bank Institute’s Worldwide Governance
Indicators database)
Rigidity of employment index measures the regulation of employment,

specifically the hiring and firing of workers and the rigidity of working hours.
This index is the average of three subindexes: a difficulty of hiring index, a
rigidity of hours index, and a difficulty of firing index. (World Bank’s Doing
Business project)
Road density is the total length of national road network per 1,000 square
kilometers of total land area. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators
database)
Rule of law measures the extent to which agents have confidence in and
abide by the rules of society, in particular the quality of contract enforce-
ment, the police, and the courts, as well as the likelihood of crime and vio-
lence. (World Bank Institute’s Worldwide Governance Indicators database)
Rural population is the difference between the total population and the
urban population. (United Nations Population Division's World Urbanization
Prospects and World Bank)
Rural residents within 2 kilometers (km) of an all-season road is the rural

population that lives within two kilometers of an all-season passable road
as a share of the total rural population. (World Bank’s Sub -Saharan Africa
Transport Policy Program)

Glossary
Services plus discrepancy value added is the gross output of all other
branches of economic activity, including wholesale and retail trade (includ-
ing hotels and restaurants), transport, and government, financial, profes-
sional, and personal services such as education, health care, and real
estate services ((International Standard Industrial Classification revision 3
divisions 50–99) less the value of their intermediate inputs. Also included
are imputed bank service charges, import duties, and any statistical dis-
crepancies noted by national compilers as well as discrepancies arising
from rescaling. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation
of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. For
countries that report that report national accounts data at producer prices
(Benin, the Republic of Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Gabon, Ghana, Niger, Rwanda,
Tanzania, Togo, and Tunisia), gross value added at market prices is used as
the denominator. For countries that report national accounts data at basic
prices (all other countries), gross value added at factor cost is used as the
denominator. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and
Student-teacher ratio, primary school, is the number of pupils enrolled in

primary school divided by the number of primary school teachers (regard-
less of their teaching assignment). (United Nations Educational, Scientific,
and Cultural Organization Institute for Statistics)
Tax rates as major constraint are the percentage of firms that ranked tax
rates as a major constraint to current operations. (World Bank Enterprise
Surveys)
Telephone subscribers are subscribers to a fixed-line telephone service,

which connects a customer’s equipment to the public switched telephone
network, or to a public mobile telephone service, which uses cellular tech-
nology. (International Telecommunication Union’s World Telecommunica-
tion Development Report database and World Bank)
Terms of trade index measures the relative movement of export and import
prices. This series is calculated as the ratio of a country’s export unit val-
ues or prices to its import unit values or prices shows changes over a base
year (2000) in the level of export unit values as a percentage of import
unit values. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and
Time to enforce a contract is the number of calendar days from the fil-
ing of the lawsuit in court until the final determination and, in appropriate
cases, payment. (World Bank’s Doing Business project)
Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes is the number of hours it takes to
prepare, file, and pay (or withhold) three major types of taxes: the corpo-
rate income tax, the value added or sales tax, and labor taxes, including
payroll taxes and social security contributions. (World Bank’s Doing Busi-
ness project)

Time to register property is the number of calendar days needed for busi-
nesses to secure rights to property. (World Bank’s Doing Business project)
Time to start a business is the number of calendar days needed to complete

each procedure to legally operate a business. If a procedure can be speeded
up at additional cost, the fastest procedure, independent of cost, is chosen.
Total external debt is debt owed to nonresidents repayable in foreign cur-

rency, goods, or services. Total external debt is the sum of public, publicly
guaranteed, and private nonguaranteed long-term debt, use of International
Monetary Fund credit, and short-term debt. Short-term debt includes all
debt having an original maturity of one year or less and interest in arrears
on long-term debt. (World Bank's Global Development Finance database)
Total tax rate is the total amount of taxes payable by the business (except
for labor taxes) after accounting for deductions and exemptions as a per-
centage of profit.
Tractors per 100 hectares of arable land are the number of wheel and
crawler tractors (excluding garden tractors) in use in agriculture at the end
of the calendar year or during the first quarter of the following year. Arable
land includes land defined by the Food and Agriculture Organization as
land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted once), tem-
porary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen
gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shift-
ing cultivation is excluded. (Food and Agriculture Organization's Production
Yearbook and data files)
Under-five mortality rate is the probability that a newborn baby will die
before reaching age 5, if subject to current age-specific mortality rates,
expressed as a rate per 1,000. (World Health Organization, United Nations
Children’s Fund, and World Bank)
Urban households with own telephone are the percentage of urban house-
holds possessing a telephone. (Demographic and Health Surveys)
Voice and accountability measure the extent to which a country’s citizens

are able to participate in selecting their government and to enjoy freedom
of expression, freedom of association, and a free media. (World Bank Insti-
tute’s Worldwide Governance Indicators database)
Workers' remittances received comprise current transfers by migrant

workers and wages and salaries by nonresident workers. (World Bank’s
World Development Indicators database)
Youth literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15–24 who can, with
understanding, both read and write a short, simple statement about their
everyday life. (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organi-
zation Institute for Statistics)
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The Little Data Book on Africa 2010

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The Little Data Book on Africa 2010

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From Africa Development Indicators

Basic indicators Human development

National accounts Agriculture, rural development, and environment

Millennium Development Goals Labor, migration, and population

Paris Declaration indicators HIV/AIDS

Private sector development Malaria

Trade Capable states and partnership

Infrastructure Household welfare

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Editing, design, and layout by Communications Development Incorporated,

Cover design by Peter Grundy Art & Design, London, UK.

Country tables (in alphabetical order) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

The Little Data Book on Africa 2010 iii

Meta de Coquereaumont, Christopher Trott, and Elaine Wilson of Communi-

iv 2010 The Little Data Book on Africa

The Little Data Book on Africa 2010 v

< is less than.

$ means current U.S. dollars, unless otherwise noted.

Data presentation conventions

A billion is 1,000 million.

Growth rates are in real terms, unless otherwise specified.

Data availability, reliability, and comparability

vi 2010 The Little Data Book on Africa

The Little Data Book on Africa 2010 1

Economic density ($1,000 per sq km) 73,006.1 98,134.8

2 2010 The Little Data Book on Africa

The Little Data Book on Africa 2010 3

Economic density ($1,000 per sq km) 66,883.3 42,465.8

4 2010 The Little Data Book on Africa

The Little Data Book on Africa 2010 5

Economic density ($1,000 per sq km) 60,387.5 42,465.8

6 2010 The Little Data Book on Africa

The Little Data Book on Africa 2010 7

Economic density ($1,000 per sq km) 22,884.3 42,465.8

8 2010 The Little Data Book on Africa

The Little Data Book on Africa 2010 9

Economic density ($1,000 per sq km) 29,050.6 42,465.8

10 2010 The Little Data Book on Africa

The Little Data Book on Africa 2010 11

Economic density ($1,000 per sq km) 45,288.0 42,465.8

12 2010 The Little Data Book on Africa

The Little Data Book on Africa 2010 13

Economic density ($1,000 per sq km) 50,270.9 42,465.8

14 2010 The Little Data Book on Africa

The Little Data Book on Africa 2010 15

Economic density ($1,000 per sq km) 429,181.8 42,465.8

16 2010 The Little Data Book on Africa

The Little Data Book on Africa 2010 17

Economic density ($1,000 per sq km) 3,162.4 42,465.8

18 2010 The Little Data Book on Africa

The Little Data Book on Africa 2010 19

Economic density ($1,000 per sq km) 6,639.7 42,465.8

20 2010 The Little Data Book on Africa

The Little Data Book on Africa 2010 21

Economic density ($1,000 per sq km) 284,853.1 42,465.8

22 2010 The Little Data Book on Africa

The Little Data Book on Africa 2010 23

Economic density ($1,000 per sq km) 5,111.6 42,465.8

24 2010 The Little Data Book on Africa

The Little Data Book on Africa 2010 25

Economic density ($1,000 per sq km) 31,329.5 42,465.8

26 2010 The Little Data Book on Africa

The Little Data Book on Africa 2010 27