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Evaluation of corticotomy-facilitated
orthodontics and piezocision in rapid canine
retraction
Noha Hussein Abbas,a Noha Ezzat Sabet,b and Islam Tarek Hassanc
Cairo, Egypt
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efciency of corticotomy-facilitated orthodontics and
piezocision in rapid canine retraction. Methods: The sample consisted of 20 patients (15-25 years old) with
Class II Division 1 malocclusions. The suggested treatment plan was extraction of the maxillary rst premolars
with subsequent canine retraction. The sample was divided into 2 equal groups. In the rst group, 1 side of the
maxillary arch was randomly chosen for treatment with corticotomy, and in the second group, piezocision treatment was used. The contralateral sides of both groups served as the controls. Cuts and perforations were
performed with a piezotome, and canine retraction was initiated bilaterally in both groups with closed-coil
nickel-titanium springs that applied 150 g of force on each side. The following variables were examined over
a 3-month follow-up period: rate of canine crown tip, molar anchorage loss, canine rotation, canine
inclination, canine root resorption, plaque index, gingival index, probing depth, attachment level, and gingival
recession. The rate of canine crown tip was assessed every 2 weeks after the start of canine retraction at 6
time points. Results: The rates of canine crown tip were greater in the experimental sides than in the control
sides in both groups. Corticotomies produced greater rates of canine movement than did piezocision at 4
time points. Canine root resorption was greater in the control sides. The remaining studied variables exhibited
no differences between the control and the experimental sides. Conclusions: Corticotomy-facilitated orthodontics and piezocision are efcient treatment modalities for accelerating canine retraction. (Am J Orthod
Dentofacial Orthop 2016;149:473-80)
474
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475
476
Fig 4. Closed-coil nickel-titanium spring stretched between the canine and the anchor unit. A, Control side;
B, piezocision side.
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atbed scanner. The anteroposterior crown tip movements of the canines were assessed at 6 time points
(T1-T6) with the method described by Ziegler and Ingervall.25 The casts were also used to assess the anchorage
loss of the rst molars and the canine rotation (Fig 5).
Cone-beam computed tomography scans taken before
and at the end of canine retraction were used to assess
the changes in canine inclination and canine root
resorption. The angle between the palatal plane and
the long axis of the canine was measured before and after canine retraction (Fig 6). Periodontal health was
Fig 6. Cone-beam computed tomography sagittal section showing the angle between the palatal plane and
the long axis of the canine that was used to assess canine
inclination: A, before canine retraction; and B, after
canine retraction.
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477
478
Table I. Means, standard deviations, and results of paired t tests for comparisons between canine crown movement in
the experimental and control sides in the groups at 2-week intervals (T1-T6)
Corticotomy
Experimental
Period
2 wk (T1)
4 wk (T2)
6 wk (T3)
8 wk (T4)
10 wk (T5)
12 wk (T6)
Mean (mm)
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.78
0.94
1.22
Piezocision
Control
SD
0.07
0.07
0.12
0.1
0.05
0.08
Mean (mm)
0.24
0.34
0.42
0.46
0.52
0.58
Experimental
SD
0.05
0.08
0.08
0.11
0.04
0.04
Mean (mm)
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.84
0.99
Control
SD
0.07
0.07
0.12
0.12
0.05
0.10
Mean (mm)
0.25
0.30
0.40
0.45
0.55
0.60
SD
0.07
0.08
0.06
0.09
0.04
0.04
P value
\0.001*
\0.001*
\0.001*
\0.001*
\0.001*
\0.001*
*Signicant at P #0.05.
Table II. Means, standard deviations, and results of paired t tests for comparisons between molar movement, canine
rotation, and canine inclination in the experimental and control sides in the groups
Experimental
Side group
Corticotomy
Piezocision
Piezocision
Corticision
Corticotomy
Piezocision
Mean
2.99
3
0.65
0.7
2.75
2.89
Control
SD
0.55
0.38
0.47
0.35
1.16
1.2
Mean
3.13
3.25
0.5
0.58
2.1
2.23
SD
0.42
0.52
0.39
0.41
0.91
0.95
P value*
0.346
0.221
0.434
0.38
0.146
0.146
479
Fig 8. Bar graph showing the comparisons between mean canine root resorptions of the experimental
and control sides of both groups.
480
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