1.

INTRODUCTION
Each creature endowed god called mammalian milk for infant rearing, respectively, in

accordance with its development needs. Elephants, cats, cattle, horses and other animals produce
milk that is suitable for their baby to be run shortly after birth. Therefore, their milk contains a
high mineral content to the growth of strong bones. The content of protein, fat, carbohydrates,
minerals and water is unique for each mammal.
Breast milk has many nutrients and a source of a balanced diet to infants. It proved
ensure the health and mental and physical growth of babies healthy and perfect. Many studies
have been conducted to prove the advantages of breastfeeding and breast milk is not available in
any other formula. Privileges content of breast milk has been recognized in terms of science,
social, economic and religious. Special substances in breast milk that makes it as a shield to
protect the baby from many diseases (Normadiah David et. Al., 2015; Normadiah David et. Al.,
2012; Radzniwan AR et. Al., 2009).
While breast milk is suitable for babies who require optimal brain development. Babies
born as a helpless human, requiring close attention to his mother for a long time before she could
walk. Milk change according to developments and needs of the baby. The content of breast milk
can not be fully replicated by the sophistication of modern technology in the laboratory or
factory.
Breastfeeding provides benefits to thousands of infants and mothers. The beneficial
effects are not only felt when the baby is still small, but it lasting a lifetime. These advantages
include the impact on the development of physical, mental, emotional, and personal development
of a child. This coincides with a study conducted by a university in the United States that showed
that breastfeeding provides many benefits to the mother and baby either physically or
psychologically. Breastfeeding is also practical steps for the family, government and people to
save money.
Every child born into this world is not able to protect themselves from the disease. The
defense system is still immature babies are not able to fight disease. Breast milk contains several
anti-infective factors (against infection) that will help prevent a baby from a wide variety of
infections, which include the following:

Lactoferrin which will merge with iron (iron) to prevent the spread of intestinal bacteria

Immunoglobulin (IgA) and white blood cells that act against bacteria in the body. High
contents in colostrum. Colostrum is the first vaccine to be given to the baby to fight off

bacteria and viruses.

Protein, vitamins A and E, which protects the baby from infection and diseases of the eye.
Bile salt stimulated lipase which serves to protect the baby from infection amoeba.
Bifidus factor which serves to assist special bacteria that lactobaccilus to multiply in the
gut of babies. Given these good bacteria, bad bacteria (pathogenic) will be abolished and

this can prevent baby from getting the disease.

Lymphocytes and macrophages to help fight germs that enter the baby's body.
Anti-inflammatory agents that protect the baby from getting severe inflammatory effects.
Maternal antibodies can be given to babies through breastfeeding. A study conducted by
the Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, the United States found that babies who
are breast feeding will receive antibodies from the mother that will protect the baby from

infection.
Magnification factor. Selenium, natural carotenoids and nucleotides can foster the
development and maturation of the baby's immune system. Maturation of the immune
system is important so that the baby's body is able to fight the disease that infected it.
In addition to protecting from infection, breastfeeding exclusively, can reduce the risk of

allergic diseases such as asthma (asthma) and eczema. Risk of diabetes and obesity during
adolescence will also be reduced in infants fed breast milk. Besides material lactose found in
milk can help prevent rickets, namely by increasing the absorption of calcium and stimulate the
baby's brain development.
Baby suckle frequently experience symptoms such as diarrhea, intestinal tract infections
and respiratory tract infections compared with formula-fed infants. A study conducted by the
Center for Prevention of Child Malnutrition in Brazil, showed breastfeeding can prevent death
and injury as a result of diarrhea in infants. Infants who are not breastfed are 25 times more at
risk of dying from diarrhea than babies who were breastfed exclusively.
Breast milk is critical to the process of rapid growth and immunological needs of the
baby. Eiger and Olds (1981) found that breast milk contains nutrients and complete enough for
the growth and development of infants at four to six months and it will cause the baby to grow
up three times from the time of birth when they reach the age of one year. Breastfed babies with
breast milk rarely get diarrhea and less experienced respiratory problems and infections than
breastfed babies with formula milk. Babies who continue to receive breast milk during an
2

infection was found to recover more quickly than infants who stopped breastfeeding (King,
1992). Also it takes away, breastfeeding protects for disease and help in healing up the second
and third year of life (King, 1992).
Ministry of Health (MOH) is encouraging breastfeeding and recommends breastfeeding
exclusively. Exclusive breastfeeding means that the baby is only breastfed during the first six
months after birth. The World Health Organization (WHO) also recommends that babies should
be breastfed exclusively for six months and breastfeeding should continue along with
complementary foods are nutritious and safely given to babies until the age of two years or more
(WHO, 2003; WHO, 2009), This means from birth until six months of age, babies should be fed
breast milk alone, do not need extra water or milk and complementary foods (Fatima et al. 2010).
Benefits of breastfeeding as the main method of infant feeding has been well known
through various campaigns and seminars at the national level, but the rate of exclusive
breastfeeding was found to be still at an unsatisfactory level. Breastfeeding rates in Malaysia
were found to have decreased from 92% (l950an) to 78% (1970) but then it picked up again in
early 1975 (Davanzo, 1991). However, he found that the increase occurring is less than 10%.
According to Yadav (1984) reduction.

2.0

BACKGROUND ISSUES
Why do many people fail in breastfeeding? Can not breastfeeding up to 2 years? Many

also can not give breastfed infants? Weaned too early even if the baby has not signed 6 months?
Really no milk?
Breastfeeding is not as easy as I thought. Need sacrifice, perseverance and patience. If it
is very simple, it is impossible that the prize is great in the sight of Allah. If wisdom is not a lot
of breastfeeding, breastfeeding impossible to be encouraged by the Al-Quran.
As a nurse, I would challenge everyone equally. There is a little milk. There are a fussy
baby. Some are physically quite problematic. Not including more about abrasions, need to wake
up at night, pumping commitment if it works and more.
People say if we failed in the one thing that we did that mean that we lack knowledge.
Kid tugging effective until the child is 2 years old are liable to get the science right
breastfeeding. Do not be shy to ask those versed in breastfeeding.
If there is mental preparation since pregnancy, breast-feeding pure intent kid completely
sure everything easier. But do not let the mental preparation and the intentions only without the
supply of knowledge about breastfeeding. Gain knowledge about breastfeeding from the
beginning, before the birth of the baby to the world.
Compared milk formula made from cow's milk, the composition of the substance is not at
all the same although there are those who claim it is much the same as breast milk. "There is no
formula that can mimic breast milk. That's the magic of mother's milk and it is dynamic. The
composition of the substances contained in breast milk in the morning, noon and night is
different.
Failure to provide effective breast-feeding can cause the baby not growing well and the
mother's milk may also be to blame. Breastfeeding is not effective and coupled with incorrect
techniques cause injury nipples, swollen milk and so make some tired mother to breastfeed.
In most developing countries, about 25% of children die before the age of 5 increases.
UNICEFF (United Nations International Childrens Fund Of) has identified seven steps are
simple, practical and effective in saving millions of children. Breastfeeding is a basic component
in the strategy to save these children. Breastfeeding is an old method and has been accepted as a

whole and it is the most good for the baby. More than a century of scientific data have shown the
advantages of breastfeeding in terms of health.
3.0

THE NATURE OF REFLECTION

Why early breastfeeding important?
Sucking at an early stage is important because:

Can stimulate milk production early. More baby suckles the breast, the more milk will be

produced later.
Can protect the baby from infection. When the baby feeds in the early days of his birth,
he will receive colostrum yellowish.
Colostrum and milk actually comes out a few days later contain high anti-infectives such

as immunoglobulins and white cells that are the main source of protection from infection. It
should be stressed that breastfed babies with breast milk are healthier and less affected by
diarrhea or other diseases.
When is the appropriate time for mothers start breastfeeding their babies?
The best time to start is after birth and breastfeeding should be done as soon as possible if
you are able to do so. Putting the baby to the mother's chest immediately after birth is an
invaluable experience.
Within two hours after the baby is born, the ability to suck away at a high level. Some
babies do not like to be breastfeeding soon after birth. Do not worry if you find that your baby is
sleepy, let himself be petted or viewed only. Maybe after that he wants to breastfeed. Baby's
suckling at the breast stimulates the production of hormones that will make the uterus to contract.
It helps heal the pain of childbirth.
How long should I breastfeed on the breast?
The best is to provide a brief but frequent feedings as this can make milk come out faster
and increase the quantity of breast milk. It also provides an opportunity for the nipple to adjust
the baby sucking. Want baby feeds can be used as a guide to the capital. Baby will determine its
own time she wants to breastfeed. In this way, the baby will suck the breast so that the breast was

empty. This allows him to get nourishment rich and creamy milk that succeeded at the end of the
term.
Milk that came out in the 'end' of each breast are called "hind milk". The final milk fat
contains nutrients necessary for growing infants. Breastfeeding mothers asked to use the other
breast when the next feeding time. Babies will show signs of either sucking on the breast only
sufficient or not. If it is insufficient, the baby will pull his mouth out or fell asleep at the breast. If
the baby is still awake and actively seek the breast, it means he needs more milk. Therefore,
provided that the other breast. At the beginning of his birth, babies need to be fed more
frequently and ensure growth.
When first milk is produced?
Between the first and fourth days after birth, real milk that is white will start to be issued.
At this stage, the colostrum will be mixed with new milk, making it look thick creamy. Slowly,
which is about a week later, colostrum and milk will decrease visible liquid, such as water blue
and condition. This is what the real breast milk.
Some mothers find their breasts full and heavy. This swelling is called milk. Some babies
lose weight during the first few weeks. However, the increased weight of the baby will soon
begin to produce breast milk.
Why do not babies fed formula or breast milk while waiting for the water produced
entirely?
It is important to be sure the baby is not given any other type of breastfeeding because it
would interfere with breastfeeding. A little amount of colostrum and early milk obtained by
infants from the breast is enough for a few days until the milk is completely produced in large
quantities.
What is meant by "demand feeding"?
Research shows that the most important factor for milk production is to allow the baby to
breastfeed immediately after birth. Mothers who start breastfeeding immediately after delivery
are likely to continue to breastfeed effectively. When breastfeeding delayed, most mothers would
feel desperate to continue breastfeeding.
6

Therefore, to help mothers start breastfeeding as soon as possible is the most effective
way for someone to help mothers to breastfeed. The other thing that is not less important is to
encourage mothers to breastfeed as often as possible or as long as possible. This is called
'demand feeding' (demand) should not be limited how long breastfeeding period and the distance
between each feeding. Put the baby close to the mother in the same room will make feeding a
growing desire and easy. Now, more and more hospitals have found it very practical (not for lazy
care nurse know!).
Why newborn nurse less often?
In the early days, the baby seems to nurse less often and mother became tired to entertain
his request. The mother needs to feel confident that he will need to spend some time with
breastfeeding in the next two, three or four days of the first. If during this period, he often treats
demand for nursing babies, her milk will become more and more easy going baby sucking at a
later date. If parents want to increase the time between feedings, the maximum term is usually
reserved for three hours. If the distance is too long between feedings of more than four hours, the
baby will look agitated and uneasy.
How to solve the problem of infant sleep and do not want to breastfeed?
Some babies are always in a state of drowsiness and more sleep than awake. Such babies
have awakened for feedings. Within 24 hours, it is normal for a baby to suckle as much as 12
times or more. At least, the baby should get six or seven feedings a day. Babies who are always
sleepy, probably due to the long-term labor or the effect of drugs given to the mother during
childbirth.
How to make sure the baby is getting enough milk?
If a mother breastfeeding a child based on the needs of infants and frequently, the mother
will surely produce enough milk. How to identify the baby is getting enough milk are:

Baby urine seven to eight times a day (just by drinking breast milk alone without mixing

it with juice or formula)

Baby weight gain. Weight should be checked weekly during the month.
Baby defecate in a fixed rate. But not necessarily every day. Some babies also defecate
regularly. While there is no waste during the week.
7

Baby's eyes seem to glow. Skin and muscles seem to be in good condition.

What if a mother's milk supply is insufficient?

Sometimes parents assume that the flow of milk is very low and insufficient for the baby.
in fact, this assumption is wrong. Mothers need to be confident that breast milk is the best food
for babies. If the mother feels less milk, she can add the following manner:

Feeding more frequently. More baby suckles the breast, the more milk will be produced.

Frequency of feeding will produce more milk.

Calm when breastfeeding will help the milk to flow properly. Mothers can eat snacks,
drink, read a book, listen to music, watch TV or do breathing exercises when babies start

breastfeeding. Focus on the muscles. It also can make the mother calm.
Relax during the day. Mothers need to sleep more during the day to replace disorder sleep
at night because the baby to suckle. Keeping the newborn is an exhausting task. Mothers

need to encourage babies and small children sleep with the other in the afternoon.
Eat nutritious food. Mothers need to eat a balanced diet. Non-nutritious snack or not.
Why do I seem liquid milk?
If your baby seems irritable and discontent, he may not receive a rich and creamy milk

utmost breastfeeding. This milk is called "milk end '. The best way to correct this problem is to
give only breast milk by hand each time suckling. This can ensure that babies receive breast milk
at all levels of the following:

The first milk (foremilk) looks like ordinary water is to quench thirst.
Mid milk contains more protein nourishment.
Last milk (hind milk) looks more thick and creamy as fat rich in nutrients. Babies need
milk to allow her weight increased. This method is good to help babies who are
underweight add weight.

Make sure you remember that he needs feeding with the other breast when the next feeding time.
Mothers can stick the pin on the shirt to help him remember. Babies who are underweight at birth
need frequent feedings throughout the day and night.
8

What should I do if my milk flows quickly lead to frequent choking my baby?

If a baby is often choking because the milk flows too fast, parents can do the following:

Stop feeding for a minute. Then, re-insert the nipple into the baby's mouth when the flow
of milk slows down. To pull out the baby's mouth without causing sore nipples, the
mother can enter the baby's mouth clean finger end. Another way to solve this problem is

to milk the first to produce a fast milk flow.

Breastfeeding in a lying position by placing the baby on the mother's chest will cause the
baby to suck milk up to the top. This means the baby sucking the direction opposite to
gravity. Thus, the flow of milk went up into fairly slow compared to milk flow down to
the bottom. Nursing mothers may use the methods in this way in the early morning hours
or at a time when beginning breastfeeding only where at that time the milk usually flows
quickly. When arriving at the end of lactation, breast-feeding mothers can turn to sit way.
This method is more secure breasts can be emptied completely.
I found my milk melt and wet clothes, what should I do?
In the early stages, the mother experienced problems often melted milk out of the breast

in the hours between feedings. This problem will be reduced when breast feeding can adjust the
schedule and the muscles around the nipple able to control the outflow of milk in the periods in
question.
Wash the breast using warm or cold water and wash melt it so it does not stain clothes or
underwear. Important to change clothes in a regular liner so that the nipple does not hurt or in
damp conditions. Do not use a plastic liner. In addition to the liner underwear, women are
encouraged to use a handkerchief but do not use tissues. When feeding, always pad with a clean
diaper or cup so that the milk can melt into it. Preferably, do not wear clothes in order that the
milk can flow freely.
What does it say 'nipple confusion' which causes the baby refused to breastfeed?

The main reason why babies refuse to breastfeed is the first baby being bottle-fed at the
hospital. Baby be confused with abnormal nipple and do not want to suck properly at the breast.
He was difficult to learn insert the nipple into his mouth.
In a good position to suck, nipple and areola will be stretched out of shape seems a long
nipple in the baby's mouth. The infant's tongue will press on until the areola to hit the palate of
his mouth. This will cause the milk to flow out.
In a position that does not suck well, the nipple is not far enough into the baby's mouth.
Baby sucking only the nipple tip as methods of sucking the nipple of the bottle. In this way, the
milk will not come out. Even cause nipple pain. Nipple confusion to occur when babies are given
once or twice a feeding bottle, the baby may have a tendency to choose a milk bottle and refuses
breast milk.
What if I take the baby out and I had to breastfeed?
Babies who are breastfed easily out of the house with his mother. Usually, the baby will
be taken to places that make it easier for her to breastfeed anywhere. Typically, the shopping
center is providing a special room suitable for breast-feeding mothers. In addition, there is now
an alternative to the mothers of cloth 'poncho', it can be worn as a fashion at the same time,
protect the genitalia of mothers who are breast-general visits.
How do I know the success of breastfeeding?
Make sure you are in a comfortable and calm when breastfeeding. Mom will know that
their baby was out in a period of about one or two minutes after the baby starts sucking. This is
based on:
Baby sucking pattern will change to 'suck and swallow - suction and swallow'. This
means the baby is drinking milk. This situation is bound to happen every time the baby sucks.
Breasts will be as full of warm and hot. Mom will feel a slight pulsing around the breast area. At
the same time, milk from the other breast may also drip out. However, this situation rarely occurs
each time suckling.

10

4.0

APPLIED REFLECTION & INITIAL DISCUSSION

World Breastfeeding Policy and Malaysia are: All mothers are encouraged to breastfeed

their children with breast milk during the first 6 months and continued breastfeeding up to the
age of 2 years. Complementary foods starting at 6 months of age.
This policy clearly states only breast milk for 6 months baby food first and still continue
breastfeeding up to 2 years old child. Real breast milk alone without the addition of warm water
or milk to meet the nutritional needs during the baby's growth.
When expressed breast milk is the best food, it provides a loose space for parents to
choose the milk of other mammals. But when it is stressed that only breast milk only appropriate
food for their babies, many parents begin to understand the importance of breastfeeding.
Colostrum is the first milk
Breast milk is produced in the form of colostrum in the first week of birth. Colostrum is
the first milk that is clear but viscous and produced in small quantities. Many parents assume that
they are not enough milk for the baby but in fact the baby's stomach is small (only for thumb) on
the first 3 days did not allow them to drink a lot like a parent would expect. Sufficient Colostrum
contains antibodies to protect our children from infection. Less fat, high-carbohydrate, highprotein and easy to digest. Colostrum also helps excrete meconium (first stool of the baby in the
womb) and bilirubin, and in turn will prevent jaundice (jaundice).
Colostrum contains immunoglobulin A (IgA) that surrounds the baby's digestive tract to
protect against infection, especially of mucus in the trachea, esophagus or along the digestive
tract or germs from the environment.
Some tips for successful breastfeeding is 'breastfeeding as early and as often as possible
during the early birth'. According to the case study, ordered the mother can breastfeed after
giving birth, the longer the period of breastfeeding can be realized.
11

Baby Friendly Hospital also plays an important role in the success of breastfeeding. Baby
Friendly Hospital has medical personnel are well trained and understand the importance of breast
milk or formula in which no artificial bottle allowed to be carried in the hospital.
Colostrum will be replaced by mature milk within a few days later. It is only present on
the day of the birth of the early days, give the baby a chance to get the first natural immunization
on the first days of his life so that he is protected from germs in our environment.
Once the mother came home from the hospital, another challenge began. Support people
around like my parents and in-laws are needed at this point. Newborn babies usually cry often
cry even though reality is the only way they communicate. Unfortunately most interpreted as a
hungry baby crying and this situation causes babies given formula or other supplements (such as
grain) to make them sleep.
Babies may cry because of hunger, fear, loneliness, diaper wet, hurt or even want to hear
his mother's voice. Feed your baby as often as possible and avoid giving drinks or foreign food
for the baby's intestines are still immature increases the risk of infection and disease in exposed
beginning with impurities. Babies who sleep well and long not a good sign because it increases
the risk of SIDS (Sudden infant death syndrome) and can lead to swelling of the milk of the
mother. Hose feeding him 1 to 2 hours to calm her down while the flow of breast milk is still not
stable.
The proposed counselor: Rate of at least 9 months for a baby to receive his surroundings
following the 9 months he was in the stomach in a state of quiet may cause fear and often wept.
Breastfeeding for Careers Mother
For mothers who will return to work after a 2 month old baby, they can start milking at
the age of baby 2 weeks. Milk can be milked by hand (with a certain technique) or use a hospital
grade pump milk. Well pump support mothers to continue breastfeeding because its intake is not
painful. Mother can milk the child during sleep or pumping the breasts during lactation.
Milk can be labeled with the date and stored 3 oz per container in the refrigerator. Breast
milk lasts for 3 months in refrigerator 2 doors. Counselor recommendations: Mom gets at least
20 bottles of 3 ounces = 60 oz before returning to work.

12

7 working days prior to admission, the mother can begin to send the baby to the
caretakers Houses to train the baby to drink mother's milk extraction (SIP) when the mother went
to work. Mothers can start by 3 hours (the first day) and the winder is increased day by day.
For the first working day, mothers can leave 5 3 oz container 15 oz breast milk for their
child to a nanny. Breast milk should be immersed in a container of warm water before being
given to the baby. Babies who drink breast milk in quantities that will drink a little but often.
During working in office (say 10 hours), the mother should pump 3 hours 20 minutes
throughout the breast in office. Pumping in the office is important to supply milk to the baby and
told the mother's body to continue to produce milk. This is because if there is no (or less) signal
is sent to the body, the body will produce less milk little by little. Signal to the body can be
produced in two forms, namely baby suckles directly with the mother and the second is the
mother pumping hose 3 hours.
The long distance between the pumping breast milk can also cause reduced (such as
pumping only once during the 10 hours). Supplements or hormone injections can help
breastfeeding as long as the body receives 2 signal described above.
Discussion with the employer is required to ensure the success of breastfeeding for
mothers to pump out 3 hours and this may take time to work. Most employers are increasingly
aware of the importance of breastfeeding for the family are fully supportive action where their
mothers are pleased to provide special nursing rooms for mothers to pump milk.
According to several studies conducted by human resource departments, nursing mothers
rarely take time off for sick children compared to mothers who are breast-feeding with formula
milk. It is an advantage for the employer and the company itself due to productivity increases
with breastfeeding.
Breastfeeding is known to provide an antibody that is inside the mother's body to the
baby. This situation is advantageous to have babies because antibodies without the need for prior
illness.
Many mothers are upset with 2 years for fear they do not produce enough milk during
that period. Support of her husband, family, babysitters and friends around indispensable to the
success of this effort. Babies who drink breast milk do not drink as much milk as babies who
drink formula. This is due to the quantity he drank 3 oz for a drink is sufficient for normal body
function. Breast milk produced by the mother varies in composition according to the weather and
13

the age of the baby. Benefits of breast milk is that it is appropriate and proportionate to the needs
of the baby at the time.
As noted above, a newborn with a small belly just needs a little breast milk colostrum. In
fact, the more breast milk if a baby is more frequent and more nursing.
Feeding through bottle (when the mother went out to work) can not be used as a yardstick
in determining how much the baby needs to drink because the baby will usually drink more than
necessary. This is due to their inability to control the flow of milk from the bottle and the action
moving jaw absorbing them (and cause them to spend a lot of milk).
Counselor recommendations to caregivers, avoid giving babies milk each time they read
instead try to change her diapers, coax / pat land or teaching baby sucking her fingers.
In the beginning, breastfeeding will be a bit tricky when it's still strange among working
women, but after a few months, mother and family will begin to get used to and feel
practicalities. Parents who are expecting a baby proposed attend classes Breastfeeding is often
recommended by counselors and lactation consultants in Malaysia.
Demands of homework and breast-feeding mothers will often collide and faster to feel
tired and stop breastfeeding.
Because of the attention and support of my husband very much needed in order to
continue breastfeeding as long as possible. As stated in the Qur'an about obligations
breastfeeding up to 2 years, the cooperation of all parties is required.
For mothers who can not breast-feed (probably for health reasons), they are encouraged
to find a wet nurse to breastfeed their babies. This is because human milk is compatible with the
body and brain development of babies human milk of other mammals which only meet the
criteria for a child's development of mammals.
According to the American Academy of Experts Kid, baby milk with breast milk will
achieve faster growth than if milk with formula milk. This is because the baby's growth is
stimulated at each time suckling process takes place. Did you know that the baby uses 44
muscles while breastfeeding with his mother than 4 muscle when feeding from a bottle? This led
to a breastfed baby faster spoke, twisting, rolling over, crawling and walking toddlerhood
onwards. In fact, the eye has been reached by the newborn is between the mother breast while
feeding. Continuous interaction and touch the mother and baby during breastfeeding promotes
physical and emotional growth of infants that good.
14

Breastfeeding makes you really mother when only you can breastfeed your child (the
mother at home) and breastfed infants of mothers with breast milk even working out.

5.0

FURTHER DISCUSSION & IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE

5.1
From the point of view of Islam
Allah says in surah al-Baqarah verse 233:

"The mothers shall suckle their children for two whole years for people who want
to complete the term was"
Referring to the Quranic verse above, basically can we understand that God
encourages mothers to breastfeed their children since they were born until they are 2
years old. The scholars in interpreting this verse is still calculated discuss suckler law
(mahram) if the baby is breastfed by someone other than the mother while she is 2 years
old and up. The majority of scholars agree that breastfeeding after age 2 years did not
make the baby mahram to those who are breastfeeding with their judgment on a hadith
narrated s.a.w ad-Daruquthni, from Ibn Abbas, said the Prophet Rasulullah SAW:
"Not a mahram because of breastfeeding, unless it is done in less than two years."
In this regard, the author (Ibn Kathir) said: "This hadith is found in the book of alMuwatta ', Imam Malik Rahimullah narrated from Thawr ibn Yazeed, from Ibn Abbas,
marfu'. Also narrated by ad-Darawardi of Thawr, from Ikrimah, from Ibn Abbas and
Imam Ibn Kathir Rahimullah added: "And breastfeeding after two years had no effect
whatsoever on the legal suckler." But there is also a notion that period of time it is 2 years
and 6 months and not two years as the opinion of Imam Abu Hanifah Rahimullah.

15

Lengthy debate can be seen in the Book of Tafsir Ibn Kathir essay Imam Ibn Kathir
Rahimullah and also books of other venerated commentary on the matter.
In addition to what is interpreted by scholars in discussing this paragraph, can not
not be a question in our minds is what God said about the significance of breastfeeding
and encourage breastfeeding to their children up to 2 years specifically in the Quran. Are
there any other stored wisdom that Allah mentions in this respect in particular? God
willing, in the writing of this time will be removed this issue from the standpoint of
breast medical science by linking Quranic verses above. But, before we enter more
deeply about this topic, a question that sometimes arises in the minds among us is, are we
allowed to interpret or relate the verses of the Qur'an with science?
Interpretation of the Quran
As we know, in a debate or interpret the verses of the Qur'an, the interpreter must
master the discipline-specific disciplines and interpretation also has its own methodology
to interpret what it does not run away from its original purpose. Among the branches of
science that needs to be controlled according to Dr Zulkifli Mohamad Al Bakri, Federal
Territory Mufti writing in the Times Online in the Religion Talk dated 10/11/2004 are:
1. Knowledge of Arabic because only with this knowledge and the meaning of
that word can be known.
2. Knowledge of grammar as meaning something is always changing and
vocabulary vary according to differences in their status in sentence structure,
grammar and science is important to understand and be aware.
3. Science conjugates or nervous because with this knowledge of vocabulary and
sentence can be known.
4. Knowledge of al-isytiqaq (origin vocabulary) because of a name that has a
noun meaning different when taken from two different root words.
5. Science al-Maani because with this knowledge, the characteristics of sentence
structure can be seen in terms of indication meaning.
6. Science bayan because the knowledge of the characteristics of sentence
structure can be seen in terms of clarity and obscurity range based on the
indication.

16

7. Science badi 'because with this knowledge aspects of the beauty of the sentence
can be known. All three of al-Maani, Bayan science and science badi 'science
called al-Balagha.
8. Science al-qiraat because through this knowledge can know how to read the
verses of the Qur'an and to the science of the readings that still contains some
possibly reason.
9. Science usuluddin because in the Quran there are verses which means the
surface can not be addressed to God. Therefore, experts usuluddin meaning of the
verse and the submissions or arguments about the impossible, which is mandatory
and must be.
10. Science jurisprudence because through this knowledge towards istidlal and
istinbat law knowable.
11. Knowledge asbab al-nuzul because with this knowledge can know the
meaning of a sentence in accordance with the event that caused the decline in
verse.
12. Al-nasikh wa al-mansukh to know and distinguish between muhkam of other
words.
13. Science of Fiqh.
14. Hadiths of the Prophet who explained the interpretation of the things mujmal
and mubham.
15. Science al-goodwill which is a science that was given by God to the people
who practice what they know.
So what is the interpretation of the Quran with science? Is it allowed?
Tafsir Scientifically
The use of scientific knowledge in interpreting the verses of the Quran shall not
be made lightly. Interpretations based on reason alone without reference to interpretation
more venerated is prohibited and totally wrong. According to Dr Danial Zainal Abidin, in
his book entitled Al Quran Scientific, scientifically interpreted by exploiting scientific
discoveries can be placed under the category of Tafsir Tafsir bil bill dirayah or ADSL.
Scientific interpretation should be in accordance with civilized manners as described in
the book of Al- Quran sciences fil Tibyan essay Sheikh Ali Muhmmad As Sabuni. The
interpretation must be in line with the objective law, far from the ignorance or error, and
in line with the use of the Arabic language. So, do not be a mistake if some verses in the
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Quran is interpreted by the scientific method does not run as long as the original meaning
of the law and the sentence. Islam also urges its followers to always think, remembrance
and observe and study about the creation of the universe to bring you a sense of the
Almighty God in themselves. Allah says in Sura Al Imran verse 190:
( 190)

(191)
In the creation of the heavens and the earth, and the alternation of night and day,
there are signs for people of understanding. Those who remember Allah, standing, sitting,
and lying on his side, and they think about the creation of the heavens and the earth and
say: "Our Lord, You have not created this in vain! Glory be to You! So safeguard us from
the torments of hell."
Coming back to the discussion about breastfeeding, why does God say about
breastfeeding mothers (breastfeeding) specifically in the Quran? Studies have found that
there are many benefits and advantages of breastfeeding from the perspective of the
nursing mother works and the benefits derived by the baby from the mother's breast milk.
Breastfeeding Mom (Breast Milk)
"Breast milk is widely acknowledged as the most complete form of nutrition for
infants, with a range of benefits for infants' health, growth, immunity and development."
- Healthy People 2010, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
Breastfeeding mothers are a boon from God to mankind, especially to babies who
are born into the world. This is because in breast milk, there are a variety of nutrients,
vitamins and elements that are very valuable and very important for the growth, health,
defense systems and also the maturity of the body system of children. Generally there are
three types of mothers who breastfeed are classified according to the breastfeeding period
(stage of lactation).
1. Colostrum: Colostrum is the milk that comes out kind of yellowish and alkaline are out in
the first 5 days after birth. Colostrum is very useful and important for babies who are
born because their body immunization rates are low and also malnourished. This milk has

18

the nutrients that are quite different from milk that comes out later (ie, after the first 5
days) which coincide with the needs of babies at the time.
a. Has the level of immunoglobulin (Ig), especially antibody Immunoglobulin A
(IgA) that prevent the baby from being infected respiratory tract infection (Upper
Respiratory Infection) and dietary tract (gastrointestinal tract).
b. The iron mineral (iron) is high can prevent disease from iron deficiency anemia
(lack of red blood).
c. The high white blood to prevent bacterial infection.
d. The high zinc for the prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis which is
inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract where more infected infants who drink
formula. This disease is very dangerous because of complications to babies such
as intestinal perforation (perforated intestine) and infections by other bacteria.
2. Transitional Milk. The process of transition from colostrum to mature milk.
3. Mature Milk. Milk coming out after 10-20 days of birth. Milk composition is quite
different from colostrum but still important for babies.
Breastfeeding is an Obligation
It is an obligation for mothers to breastfeed their babies in the first 6 months
without any additional food. This is because breast milk has a very high nutritional value
that will impact the health, growth and maturation of body weight in the baby's system.
Become less healthy lifestyles in our society when mothers in this age, especially those
careers less breastfeeding their infants within the agreed timeframe and given formula to
replace breast milk when they go to work. It is very worrying.
Therefore, the World Health Organisation (WHO) in its official website urging
mothers to breastfeed their babies exclusively for the first 6 months without any food and
continued breastfeeding with added foods appropriate after 6 months until he was 2 years
old and more than 2 years if they can, so the babies get enough benefit from this mother's
milk. Advantages or benefits of breastfeeding can be viewed from two different
perspectives:

Benefits to Mothers
Strengthen relationships and love among mothers and children.
During breastfeeding, the hormone oxytocin is secreted serves as an agent to
shrink the uterus to its original form (uterine involution) and also prevent bleeding
after birth (post-partum hemorrhage).
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Breastfeeding reduce the weight of the mother because the calories in the body

will be used during breastfeeding and to produce milk.

The rate of breast cancer and uterine cancer is low.
Save and safe for children / babies. No need to buy anything to breastfeed.

Benefit to the Child

Protect your baby from being infected by harmful microorganisms such as

pneumonia and infections of the gastrointestinal tract.

Low phosphate levels if compared to formula milk, to prevent epilepsy or
neonatal hypocalcemic convulsion. Low phosphate levels also allows calcium to

be absorbed into the body and can prevent the disease rickets.
The study found that breastfeeding can prevent obesity among babies when they
surged up by an article titled Breastfeeding and the Use of Human Milk,

American Academy of Paediatrics.

The low percentage to suffer from diabetes, Diabetes Mellitus is increasing with

age.
Some studies have found that infants breastfed by mothers has a reasonable level
of intelligence (IQ) higher than infants who drink formula. However, this factor is
not the major determinant of a person's IQ level but is also influenced by other

factors.
These infants also have a lower risk to suffer from cancers such as acute

lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

The rate of sudden infant death (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome) also lower
among infants breastfed by their mothers. (Note: Doom death only God knows,
this fact merely by statistics carried out).
Actually there are many more advantages and blessings that God send for the

mother and the child as a result of breastfeeding, which is not the author sketching here.
The facts described above constitute proof that despite paragraph 233 of surah alBaqarah, saved a thousand and one secret of its own and this secret will be known only
after various studies conducted by scholars who are wise and coincide with Koran verses
about nothing a matter that He created it in vain. Allah says in surah Al-Sod, paragraph
27:

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"We have not created the heavens and the earth and all that is between them in
vain"


From Abu Hurayrah, he said; "A man came to Allah's Apostle and said; "O
Messenger of Allah, who are the most deserving I worship him?" He replied:
"Your mother." He asked again; "Then who?" He replied: "Your mother." He
asked again; "Then who?" He replied: "Your mother." He asked again; "Then
who?" He replied: "Then your father."
Narrated by Abu Dawood, Tirmidizi and Bukhari in Al-Adab Al Mufrad.
5.2

From the Scientific View

There are many benefits to both mother and baby when we practice breastfeeding

naturally. We are urged to give breast milk to the baby until the baby is at least 6 months
without food other side, with no other formula milk and boiled water without any infants.
Breast milk is rich in antibodies and hormones that can provide protection to
infants from intestinal problems (gastrointestinal), respiratory infections, ear infections,
food allergies, tooth decay, pneumonia and meningitis. It also promotes the formation of
growth of facial muscles and jaws.
Recent studies conducted by Professor Catharina Svanborg, a lecturer in
immunology from the University of Lund, Sweden, breastfeeding helps to prevent the
baby from getting cancer. "A substance called alpha-lac (alphalactalbumin), which is
found in large quantities in mother's milk, which recognizes the existence of cancer cells
and kill him."
Human being trying to find ways to fight cancer with chemotherapy and a variety
of other ways, but God first showed us how to fight this deadly disease.
Another study conducted by James W. Anderson, a member of the University of
Kentucky - IQ babies fed breast milk are 5 levels higher than other babies. Breast milk up
to 6 months of benefit to the baby while breast-fed children less than 8 weeks show no IQ
benefit.
Breastfeeding is good for mothers, among which are:
Will secrete a hormone oxytocin, which helps shrink the uterus and the uterus
returns to its original shape. It also helps to reduce weight up to 500 or more

21

calories per day for these activities. It also reduces the risk of breast cancer, pre

menopause, ovarian cancer and osteoporosis.

If you are able to give breast milk to the baby naturally, it's easier. No need to

wash the bottles of milk and it can be anywhere and anytime.

God made a special breast milk to the baby's needs with the amount and interest is
sufficient. It contains the most accurate quantities such as nutrient, protein, fat and

carbohydrates for infants.

No milk is comparable to breast milk given to infants. If breastfeeding is natural,
it is able to strengthen the relationship between mother and child. It was touch and
stimulation of the skin also felt the baby.
Furthermore, breast milk also contains certain nutrients that are critical for brain

development and it helps in improving infant intelligence. Two recent studies Flinders
Cambridge in England and Australia have shown that breast-fed babies body, intelligence
IQ can reach the level of seven to 10 IQ points higher than normal. It also provides an
opportunity for parents and children to interact fully and increase the love between
mother and child because the baby during feeding, mother smell, touch and face will be
recorded in the memory of the baby is still small. The baby will be the most important to
recognize the mother and they can feel the warmth of the love of mother and baby will be
warm and loving them more deeply in the process of feeding this mother.
In addition, there are also advantages to mothers who are breastfeeding their
children since birth. Among helps shrink the uterus and restore it to its original size
quickly and reduce postpartum bleeding. Furthermore, it burns calories and restores the
original body shape quickly and reduce the risk of breast and ovarian cancer. In fact, the
next advantage is that it is an ideal way to plan pregnancies indirectly as fully
breastfeeding during the first 6 months to delay menstruation. Thus, 99 percent of
pregnancies can be avoided.
A recent study by researchers at the University of North Carolina in the United
States and suggested that the positive effect is undeniable and continued breast-feeding
on the body of a young mother. They proved that women who breastfeed for the first six
months of his life, have lower rates of blood pressure. According to the results of this
study, mothers who from the first day of life in infants fed a mixture of artificial or those
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who are breast-feeding less than three months, about 25% more likely to develop high
blood pressure.
Detailed studies covering 56,000 American women who had at least one child.
Regular observation, which lasted for fourteen years, testified that continue to breastfeed
for at least six months can reduce the risk of maternal hypertension. At the same time, US
scientists said that about 12% of cases of high blood pressure Women have given birth
have a direct relationship with a very short period of breastfeeding. Although the
researchers did not manage to provide direct evidence linking breastfeeding and healthy
blood pressure, but they clearly believe that a long breastfeeding and infant and maternal
useful.
Doctors believe that the practice of breast-feeding for six months, can be an
effective method for prevention of high blood pressure in women of childbearing age.
Incidentally, the WHO proposal also refers to babies fed only breast milk for the first six
months of their lives. Then you need to gradually introduce the first product as a food.
Remember a few months ago, German scientists published a study on the benefits
of breastfeeding, suggests that people who have received full breastfeeding of children in
children less vulnerable to bouts of depression. The scientists noted that in this case, the
duration of breastfeeding did not have the deciding factor. Researchers believe that the
role that might be played by the very fact of feeding, and, therefore, a close relationship
with the baby's mother. In addition, it protects against stress hormone Oxytocin who is
responsible for communicating the baby and mother. It is also possible that the positive
effect of the composition of breast milk, which provide opportunities to fully develop the
child's body and allows you to prevent mental disorders.

6.0

CONCLUSION

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National policy on breastfeeding are as follows: All mothers are encouraged to breastfeed
their children with breast milk for babies aged four to six months and continue until the child is
two years old. Food supplements should only be started when children aged four to six months.
OLD POLICY, 1992
All mothers are encouraged to breastfeed their children with breast milk alone for 4 to 6
months and continue until age 2 years. Food supplements should also be initiated during children
aged 4 to 6 months.
NEW POLICY, May 2005
All mothers are encouraged to breastfeed their children with breast milk from birth until
the age of 6 months and continue until age 2 years or more. Complementary foods should be
started when the child is 6 months old. The rationale for the policy change Breastfeeding
a. The importance of breastfeeding exclusively for 6 months.
b. Additional protection can prevent the baby from infection Gasteroenteritis (AGE).
c. Slow down the process of pregnancy and blood loss.
d. Reduce maternal weight (average 0.42kg (1 lb)).
Preparation Civil Servants which provides maternal, infant and child feeding policy must
be sensitive to the hospital. It was exhibited in a strategic area, easily accessible, visible and be a
reference to members and the public so that they know and try to make it work. Breastfeeding
policies have the written displayed at strategic area, easily accessible, visible and be a reference
to members and the public so that they know and try to make it work. Breastfeeding policies
have the written distributed to members and the public so that they understand and try to make it
work. This policy is provided in a language that can be understood and members of the public
and prominently displayed in strategic areas.
Civil Servants involved in the care and treatment of the mother and baby need to be
equipped with knowledge and skills to ensure the success of breastfeeding. Ensure that each
member of health involved in the care and treatment of mothers and babies receive training to
improve their knowledge and skills in the field of breastfeeding and lactation management to
enable this policy to be implemented effectively ensure that each member involved in the care
and treatment of mothers and infants received training in breastfeeding and lactation
management to enable effective implementation of this policy.

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Pregnant women and mothers who received postnatal treatment at our hospital should be
equipped with knowledge about the benefits and management of breastfeeding. Provide
education to all mothers either groups or individuals about the importance of breastfeeding, how
to breastfeed and breastfeeding management correctly and how to prevent and solve any
problems that arise. Provide education to all mothers pregnant, either in groups or individually,
about the importance of breastfeeding, how to breastfeed and management of breastfeeding and
how to prevent and solve any problems that arise.
Help mothers initiate breastfeeding immediately after birth, within - 1 hour. Help
mothers do skin-to-skin with your baby immediately after birth and begin breastfeeding within
to 1 hour after giving birth to their babies. Help mothers initiate breastfeeding within to 1 hour
after birth through skin to skin contact between mother and baby.
Mother teaching breastfeeding techniques, milking and storage of breast milk properly so
that milk flow continues even if separated from the mother in the medical reasons therefor.
Instruct pregnant women and mothers who have just given birth to milking mothers and how to
store and use milk extraction right though, she had to part with the baby so that breastfeeding can
continue instruct pregnant women and mothers who have just given birth, how milking mother as
well as how to store and use milk extraction if the mother had separated from the baby to ensure
that breastfeeding can be continued.
Infants should be exclusively breastfed until 6 months of age. Any other form of food and
drink can not be given to newborn babies. (Example: boiled water, sugar, milk formula and
cereals). Complementary foods should be given from the age of 6 months while continuing
breastfeeding up to 2 years old or more. Promoting mothers to give their babies breast milk alone
is fully up to 6 month old baby without drinks and other foods unless advised otherwise by the
medical officer of health problems only. Breastfeeding should continue until the baby is 2 years
old. Artificial nipple, pacifier and bottle of milk is not allowed to be brought to the hospital.
Promoting mothers to give babies only breast milk until the baby is 6 months old without drinks
and other foods unless advised otherwise by the medical officer of health problems.
Breastfeeding should continue until the baby is 2 years old.
Babies should always be with the mother and breastfeeding were given unlimited
frequency according to the requirements of the infant. Promoting mothers to breastfeed
according to the will of the baby at any time without limiting the duration and frequency of
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breastfeeding. All mothers and babies are always placed with 24 hours of 'rooming-in' so that
breastfeeding can be supplied on demand. (Maybe even better rooming in and on demand
separated) promoting mothers to breastfeed according to the will of the baby at any time without
limiting the duration and frequency of breastfeeding. For this purpose, all mothers and babies are
always put together each time over 24 hours.
Civil servants shall comply with the code of ethics does not receive any samples, the
products listed, sponsorship or incentive in the form of cash or goods from manufacturers and
distributors to maintain the superiority of breast milk in infant nutrition and helps secure and
optima. Provide information to all members of ethics contained in the Code of Ethics for the
Marketing of Infant Foods and Related Products to ensure that no members receive, store,
display or distribute to the mothers of infant formula samples and promotional materials from
companies producing the product. Provide information to all members of ethics contained in the
Code of Ethics for the Marketing of Infant Foods and Related Products to ensure that no
members receive, store, display or distribute to mothers any samples of infant formula, pacifiers,
artificial, putting empty bottles and promotional materials from companies producing the
product. Make purchases infant formula milk in small amounts only on medical reasons. In this
case the infant formula and equipment will be stored away from public view and, if necessary,
how to use it only provided individually. (Add one more step) make purchases infant formula
only on medical reasons and in small amounts. Next, the infant formula and equipment will be
stored away from public view. How to use it will only be given individually to the mother
concerned.
Mothers who receive treatment in hospital will be given a list of support groups along the
phone numbers and addresses to contact if there are problems in breastfeeding after discharge
from hospital. Establish a support group breastfeeding to encourage mothers to breastfeed their
babies and provide support and assistance to the mother if necessary at any time. Establish
breastfeeding support group to encourage mothers to breastfeed their babies and provide support
and assistance to mothers, if necessary, at any time.
Suggestions for Improving Policy in the Ministry of Health staff need their cooperation
and guidance to mothers so that friendly relations could be established between the mother and
health staff. In addition, health workers must show that effective communication between the
parts with one part to another. This is because based on my observations, there was
26

miscommunication between staff in each division. This situation can be seen when the mother is
unable to understand the advantages of breastfeeding. No exaggeration to say that now women
are denied the right to make decisions about infant feeding. Denying them the right information
and updates on breastfeeding and infant nutrition. What is gained by them is just wrong
information spread by food manufacturers commercial baby. Manufacturers advertise their
products by presenting wrong facts and seems to be a compulsion for women to accept it. There
are many facts that are contrary to the facts. Among the messages of advertisers, which means
the quality and quantity of breast milk is dubious; formula is better than breast milk; and the
provision of free formula to mothers "to be used if breast milk is not enough". All the facts are
not accurate and can undermine confidence and affect a woman's ability to breastfeed her baby.
Therefore, the role of the media to spread the goodness of breastfeeding is important to be done
to encourage breastfeeding.
As a conclusion, breast milk is a natural food that was given specifically for your baby. It
contains all the nutrients needed for the proper composition. It is easy to digest and is always
available in the appropriate temperature at any time. Breast milk contains antibodies that are
invaluable that can protect your baby from infections and allergies, especially in the first months.
Development and intelligence of a baby is better getting nourishment breast milk. By feeding the
baby, the mother will also get some benefits. Breastfeeding can establish a close relationship
between mother and child. Baby's suckling at the breast stimulates release hormones that help
shrink the uterus faster and reduce postpartum bleeding. Many mothers return to the original
shape and weight easily when breastfeeding. Prolonged breastfeeding can prevent breast cancer
and ovarian cancer. No less important, breastfeeding is very easy, especially when on the go,
saving time and expense. Naturally every woman endowed with the ability to breastfeed her
baby. With the confidence and knowledge of every woman can do it. The size of the breast is not
the yardstick by which the milk is produced. Frequency baby sucking will stimulate the
production of breast milk a lot, according to the demand of the baby. Problem nipple flattened or
drowned also should not be a barrier. Those who face such problems should seek professional
help that can assist them.

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