Damped Second-Order

Systems

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Fall 03

Damped Second-Order Systems

5V

5V

2K

50

2K

+

large
loop

CGS

Remember this Demo

Our old friend, the inverter, driving another.
The parasitic inductance of the wire and
the gate-to-source capacitance of the
MOSFET are shown
[Review complex algebra appendix in the course
notes for next class]

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Fall 03

Damped Second-Order Systems

5V

5V

50

2K

2K

C
A

+

large
loop

Relevant circuit:

2K

CGS

L
B

5V

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+

Fall 03

CGS

Observed Output

2k

5
vA
0

vB
2k

0

vC
0
Now, lets try to speed up our inverter by
closing the switch S to lower the effective
resistance
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Observed Output

~50

5
vA
0

vB
50

vC
0

Huh!
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In the last lecture, we started by

analyzing the simpler LC circuit to
build intuition

L
+

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+

C

In the last lecture

We solved

For input

And for initial conditions

v(0) = 0
i(0) = 0
[ZSR]

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In the last lecture

Total solution
where

LC

vI

+

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+

C

Today, we will close the loop on our

observations in the demo by
analyzing the RLC circuit
R

L
+

+

LC

vI

add R

Damped sinusoids with R remember demo!

See A&L Section 13.6

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Lets analyze the RLC network

L
+

+

R
C

Node method:
Recall
element rules
L:

C:

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v, i state variables
10

Lets analyze the RLC network

L
+

+

R
C

Node method:

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11

Solving
Recall, the method of homogeneous and
particular solutions:
1

Find the particular solution.

Find the homogeneous solution.



4 steps

The total solution is the sum of the

particular and homogeneous.
Use initial conditions to solve for the
remaining constants.

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12

Lets solve

For input

And for initial conditions

v(0) = 0
i(0) = 0
[ZSR]

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13

Particular solution

is a solution.

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14

Homogeneous solution

Solution to
Recall, vH :

solution to homogeneous
equation (drive set to zero)

Four-step method:
A Assume solution of the form

Form the characteristic equation

f(s)

C Find the roots of the characteristic equation

D General solution

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15

Homogeneous solution

Solution to
A Assume solution of the form
so,
characteristic
equation

C Roots
D

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General solution

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16

Total solution

Find unknowns from initial conditions.

so,

Mathematically: solve for unknowns,

done.
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Lets stare at this a while longer

3 cases:

> o

Overdamped

< o

Underdamped

= o

Critically damped
Later

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Lets stare at underdamped a while longer

< o

Underdamped contd

Note: For
Same as LC as expected
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Lets stare at underdamped a while longer

< o

Underdamped contd

Remember, scaled sum of sines (of the same

frequency) are also sines! -- Appendix B.7

LC

vI

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add R

20

Underdamped contd

< o

Remember, scaled sum of sines (of the same

frequency) are also sines! -- Appendix B.7

LC

vI

add R
v

= o

Critically damped

underdamped
criticallydamped
overdamped

Section 13.2.3

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21

Remember this? Closed the

loop
5
vA
0

vB
50

vC
0
See example 170 on page 898 for inverter
pair analysis
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22

Intuitive Analysis
Konquer it like Kolodziejski

Sec. 13.8

Underdamped

ringing

Characteristic
equation

Oscillation frequency
Governs rate of decay
Final value
Initial value
Quality factor (approximately
the number of cycles of ringing)
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23

Intuitive Analysis
Sec. 13.8

Konquer it like Kolodziejski

Ringing stops
after Q cycles

?
is ve
so v(t)
must
drop

period

Characteristic
equation

L
+

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2

d

+

R
C

Fall 03

given
-ve
+ve
24