CHAPTER 1

1. Measurement is the process by which numbers or symbols are assigned to

attributes of entities in the real world.
2. Metrics are standards that define measurable attributes of entities, their units
and scopes
3. Measure is a relation btwn an attribute and a measurement scale
4. Attribute is a feature or property of an entity:
Internal attributes- can be measured only based on the entity itself
External attributes- measured only with respect to how the entity relates to
the environment
LOOK AT EXAMPLE 1 , 2 , 3 FROM PAGE 19
5. Software metrics are measures that are used to quantify software, software
devt resources and software devt process
6. Measurement in SE is selecting, measuring, and putting together many diff
attributes of the software and adding new interpretations to get a new
picture of the software
7. In order to manage software measurement project one must understand and
plan:
Goal and scope of work
Risks
Resources required
Tasks to be accomplished
Milestones to be tracked
Total cost
Schedule
LOOK AT EXAMPLE 1 2 3 ON PAGE 32
LOOK AT THE EXERCISE PAGE 52
8. Metrology is the science of measurement
9. Properties of measurement:
Completeness
Uniqueness
Extendibility; two or more measures mapping to the same entity are
compatible
Discrete differentiability; minimum unit of measurement scale is used
to determine the differential rate of measurement sys
Deterministic
Quantitative or qualitative
10.Direct measurement of an attribute or entity involves no other attribute or
entity eg software length in terms of line of code
Indirect measurement- is useful in making visible the interaction btwn direct
measurement
11.A measurement scale: set of pre-defined symbols or values in order to
represent certain common measures

12.Scale- is a measurement tool for measuring defined common attributes of

entities
13.Types of scales:
Objective scales: nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio, absolute
Subjective scales: likert type, semantic differential scales, summative
scale

Look at exercise one page 54

14.Measurement system are used to assess existing entities by numerically
characterizing one or more of its attributes; prediction systems are used to
predict some attributes of a future entity, involving a mathematical model
with associated prediction procedures.
LOOK AT EXERCISE ON PG 73 CHAPTER 2
15.Process- a collection of software related activities usually associated with
some timescale
16.Product- any deliverables or dox that result from a process or activity
17.Resource- entities required by a process activity
18.GQM MODELS

LOOK AT EXAMPLE 2 PG 23
LOOK AT EXERCISE 1 AND 3 PG 126 CHAPTER 3
19.SE INVESTIGATION; is applying scientific principles and techniques to
investigate properties of software and software related tools and techniques
20.Principles of investigation:
Stating the hypothesis
Selecting the investigation technique
Maintaining ctrl over variables
Making meaningful investigations
21.Three ways to investigate;
Formal experiment
Case study
Survey
22.Software size can be described by length, functionality and complexity
Length is the physical product size
Functionality is a measure of the functions supplied by the product to
the user
Complexity-is an attribute that can be implemented in many ways
23.Advantages of LOC;
Simple and automatically measurable
Correlates with programming effort
24.Disadvantages of LOC;
Vague def
Language dependability
Not available for early planning
Developers skill dependability
25.Look at example 1 page 17 chapter 5
26.Alternative methods of text based measurement;
Source memory size-measuring length in terms of number of bytes of
comp storage
Char size- measuring length in terms of number of characters
Object memory size- measuring length in terms of an object

27.Software structure can have 3 attributes:

Control flow structure; sequence of execution of instructions of the
program
Data flow; keeping track of data as it is created
Data structure; the organization of data itself independent of the
program
28.How to represent structure of a program; control flow diag
29.How to define complexity in terms of the structure? Cyclomatic complexity
30.Basic control structures are set of essential control flow mechanisms used for
building the logical structure of a program
31.Types of basic control structures: sequence, selection, iteration.
32.Read on cyclomatic complexity page 26