Integration of Cloud and Internet of Things

Application Oriented Integration of Cloud and Internet of Things
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Topic:
The Internet of things (IoT) is changing into relevant trends within the history of the
software system business. As property, storage, and computation become additional pervasive,
were seeing associate degree explosion of IoT solutions, from sports to public safety like the
other trend within the history of pc software system, its commencing to turn out a brand new
generation of platforms.
Whereas the initial generation of IoT solutions have targeted on frameworks like
Arduino or Raspberry Pi that modify communication with good sensors, I think a brand new
generation of platforms that modify backend capabilities for IoT solutions is on the point of
emerge. To use business terms, IoT platform as a service that is nothing however a section of
Platform as a service (PAAS).
1.2 Rationale:
The need for Standards. Even though the scientific community gave multiple
contributions to the deployment and standardization of IoT and Cloud paradigms, a clear
necessity of standard protocols, architectures and APIs is being demanded in order to facilitate
the interconnection among heterogeneous smart objects and the creation of enhanced services,
which realize the CloudIoT paradigm. In particular Mobile-to-Mobile (M2M) is a leading
paradigm, but there is a very little standardization for it. Hence the several existing solutions
use standard Internet, cellular, and Web technologies. Moreover, the state of the art lacks
domain specific environments for rapid development and efficient CloudIoT service delivery.
Indeed, most architectures proposed at the initial stage of IoT either have come from the WSN
perspective or are based on Cloud at the center.
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1.3 Additional Information:
Cloud computing and internet of things are two very different technologies that are
already part of our daily life. Their adoption and use are expected to be more general, making
them important components of the future internet. Merging these together can enable a large
number of smart applications and also help us improve present applications. In this paper, we
focus our attention on the Integration of Cloud and Internet of Things, which people called as
CloudIoT paradigm. Many works in literature survey on Cloud and Internet of Things
separately are more formally on their main properties, features, technology. However, to the
best of our knowledge, these works are not having detail information on CloudIoT paradigm,
which involves new characteristics. So we, in this paper providing some literature survey on
Integration of Cloud and Internet of Things. The problem statement is about the WLAN which
needs to get more improvised as the internet is the only future. We discuss what is already
available in the terms of platforms, some of them are Brio, Insteon, Flic. Integrating these
things may leads to Cloud of things. The main characteristics regarding the CloudIoT are OnDemand Self Service; Broad Network Access; Resource Pooling; Rapid elasticity; Measured
Service. In our paper these are the Topics we are going to discuss about.
The Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm relies on intelligent and self-configuring nodes
(things) interconnected in a very dynamic and international network infrastructure. It represents
one amongst the foremost tumultuous technologies that create the ever-present and pervasive
computing scene. net of things is sometimes refers to the $64000 world and tiny things restricted
storage and process ability, and also the necessary issues concerning dependableness,
performance, security and privacy. On the opposite hand, cloud computing has the just about
unlimited capability of storage and process power that may be a additional mature technology
a minimum of to a definite extent to unravel the matter of most of the net of things [1-3]. Thus,
a unique IT paradigm during which Cloud and IoT area unit 2 complementary technologies
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incorporated along is anticipated to disrupt each current and future world. we have a tendency
to decision it Cloud-IoT new paradigm. This paper reviews the literature integration of cloud
computing and net of things promising subject analysis and trade. we've conducted a review
work to propose AN integrated usage of Cloud and IoT. within the Figure one, we have a
tendency to illustrate the each topics gained quality within the previous few years and also the
total quantity of papers handling with these 2 topics, severally. the net of things is that the
generation of data technology. This can be a significant development within the field of data
and conversion chance . The commission believes that development of the net of things
application can solve the issues of recent society within the future, create an enormous
contribution. trendy supplying use trendy info technology in trendy supplying management
instruction. The 3 basic needs are: smart service, low cost, speed quicker. Health info
technology contains a wide selection of perform in trendy applications.
The two worlds of Cloud and IoT have seen an freelance evolution. However, many
common advantage is that the results of their integration are known in literature, predict the
longer term. On the one hand, the web of things will have the benefit of cloud nearly unlimited
capability and resources to form up for the technical constraints. Specifically, cloud computing
will offer a good answer to comprehend management of net services and composition and use
of things or knowledge applications. Cloud computing will have the benefit of the web of things,
on the opposite hand, by extending its scope to cope with things within the world a lot of
distributed and dynamic means, and to supply new services on an outsized variety of world
situations. The complementary characteristics of cloud computing and net of things is engaging
as a result of the various proposals rumored in literature and inspiring Cloud-IoT paradigm
shown in table one primarily, the Cloud acts as intermediate layer between the items and also
the applications, wherever it hides all the complexness and also the functionalities necessary to
implement the latter. Below, we tend to summarize the matter and gain the advantage once
victimization Cloud-IoT paradigm.
Cloud is a model which enables convenient, on-demand,
network access to a shared pool of resources. Cloud computing, also on-demand computing, is
a kind of internet-based computing that provides shared processing resources and data to
computers and other devices on demand. Cloud computing and storage solutions provide users
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and enterprises with various capabilities to store and process their data in third-party data
centers. It relies on sharing of resources to achieve coherence and economies of scale, similar
to a utility over a network.
The Internet of Things paradigm is based on the intelligent and electronic nodes (things)
which are interconnected through a network (dynamic and global). Internet of things is the 5th
stage in the evolution of the internet as shown in fig.1, whereas the 1st stage is the pre-internet
which deals with HUMAN to HUMAN communication using a fixed mobile telephony. 2nd
stage is the Internet of Content which introduces the term World Wide Web(WWW) which
deals with email, information (files transfer), entertainment. 3rd stage is the Internet of Service
which provides the services such as e-productivity and e- commerce.4th stage is Internet of
People which introduces the word Social Media such as Facebook, Skype, YouTube and the
5th stage is Internet of Things which deals with Machine to Machine communication which
includes sensors and identification devices, IoT produces a lot of data from the sensors and the
devices are one different from another, so here the term cloud is involved here, and as per the
inner perspective cloud is the back bone of internet of things.
Fig.1.1 : Evolution of Internet

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2. LITERATURE SURVEY
These two distinguish worlds cloud and internet of things are individual evolutions but
from the backend point of view cloud is called to be as a backbone of the iot, as the extendable
services which are provided by the cloud are very much needed by iot, few of them are:
Sensing as service provides identification for unique sensing data.
Sensing and action as a service provides, automatic control and logical implementation.
Sensor event as a service, triggers the messages and dispatches them accordingly.
Sensor as a service, provides unique managing capabilities to remote sensors.
Database as a service, enables unique data management for heterogeneous devices.
Data as a service, enables data access from any authenticated device.
Ethernet as a service, provides connectivity to remote devices.
Identity and policy management as a service, provides identification and access

management functionality.
Video surveillance as a service, provides access to recorded video and implementing

complex analysis in cloud.
Internet of things enables a wide of capabilities as iot is characterized by a very high

heterogeneity of devices, technologies and protocols which involves internally with scalability,
interoperability, reliability, efficiency, availability and security, but these are not at all going
to give any trouble on integration, cloud solves most of these problems also provides additional
features such as ease-of-access, ease-of-use, and reduced deployment costs
A large amount of data is produces from non-structured, semi structured devices which
are having the three characteristics typical of big data: volume, variety and velocity (generation
frequency) and hence it is having the complexities in collecting, accessing, processing,
visualizing, archiving, sharing and searching a large a large amount of data by offering an
unlimited, low-cost and on-demand storage capabilities.
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IoT devices are small and they are having only some limited processing power which
do not allow on-site data processing, in the iot terms devices are called as nodes. So the data
collected at every node is usually transmitted to a very powerful node where aggregation and
processing is possible, but having heterogeneity culture in these devices each should have a
node to process, but infrastructure gets clumsy and scalability cannot be achieved. The
unlimited processing capabilities of cloud and on-demand model allows properly satisfies the
analysis of unpredictable complexities and the data driven technology in the cloud provides
new ways of reducing complexities.
One of the main requirement of any IoT application is Communication, iot devices get
communicated through IP and hence these are also called as IP-enabled devices which
communicate through dedicated hardware, and the support for such communication can be
very expensive. Making this available for low lost cloud offers an effective and cheap solution
to connect, track, and manage anything from anywhere at any time using customized portals
and built-in apps but in the availability of high speed networks, it enables the monitoring and
control of remote things, these provides a real-time access to the produced data by their
coordination and their communications.
Making into an tabular form the integration provides some offers on complementary.
TABLE 1: Complementary Issues on Integration
IoT
Cloud
Pervasive (things placed anywhere)
Ubiquitous (resources to anywhere)
Real world things
Virtual resourses
Limited computational capabilities
Virtually unlimited computational capacity
Limited storage(internal)
Virtually unlimited storage
Internet as a central unit
Internet as a delivery medium
Big data producers
Manage big data with analysis
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2.1 Remote Processing Power:
The Internet of Things wont simply keep relegated to the smart fridges that initial
come back to mind once anyone mentions this new wave of school. On the opposite facet,
everything can eventually be a sensible device, swing new demands on raw process power.
And as miniaturization grows and network property becomes even additional widespread, the
cloud can come back to the rescue, permitting developers to dump process to cloud computing
services.
2.2 Analytics and Monitoring:
One of the central advantage of IoT may be a additional seamless expertise. The cloud
can facilitate during this regard, giving device manufacturers and repair suppliers access to
advanced analytics and watching and for the developer, its a step towards constant innovation,
whereas for the patron, holds the promise of higher dependableness and a additional seamless
expertise.
2.3 Smoothens Inter-Service And Inter-Device Communications:
The IoT isnt just about devices talking to us its about services and devices all talking
to each other. As weve seen in the past, competing standards that work independently can often
suffocate product innovation and adoption. But with the Internet of things, the cloud as mediator
and communication facilitator will remove these worries. Powerful APIs for app developers and
product makers, cloud communications that are plug-and-play, seamless linking to our
smartphones. The cloud will make this possible.
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2.4
User security and privacy:
A major concern around the mobility revolution has been the impact it has had on our
privacy and security. Old devices and services often fall behind, putting consumers data and
personal privacy at risk from newly unearthed security exploits. The IoT, despite having its
reach extend to every aspect of our lives, could actually sidestep this security issue, all thanks
to the cloud. With devices utilizing common APIs and back-end infrastructure, vital security
updates could be instantaneous and all-encompassing imagine all your smart devices warning
each other against newly discovered malware, and all getting updates via the cloud as soon as
a breach is discovered.
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3. BASIC DESCRIPTION
A wide range of applications that are made possible only with the help of CloudIot
paradigm we can say that CloudIoT establishment is like a rising sun to IoT developers.
Let us explain some scenarios regarding the existing systems
1.
Water level measuring
2.
Agriculture field
3.
City transportation and traffic
3.1 Water Level Measuring:
Water level measurement system in the present scenario is like when a water tank get
filled excess water will come out through a little pipe and flows down in no place until someone
pay attention, let do some worst case scenario on this, user turned on the motor under a busy
schedule there happens a power cut, user forget about turned on motor and went to somewhere
far from the home, power is up again motor turned on automatically and get filled excess water
is keep going on until user came and switched it off and motor also running all the time, this
can be a disadvantage.
3.2 Agriculture Field:
In India, agriculture is major income and the method of agriculture is occurring in 4
steps:
1.
Planting seeds
2.
Watering the crop
3.
Plant medicine
4.
Cropping/yielding
5.
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3.2.1
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Planting seeds:
Before getting a plant to grow farmer usually place the seeds in a row of soil. This is
called planting seeds, but the problem over here is what plant seed is good in what climatic
conditions, and the main factor over here is fertility, farmer should first consider the fertile
percentage of the soil and choose a seed and then planting starts as the fertility in the soil get
decreased on every yield.
3.2.2
Watering the crop:
This is a very typical step where many issues are considered like rainfall, ground water
level, plants water taking quantity and lot more. Usually in a summer season crops need more
water than rainy season respectively, farmer cannot predict the weathers condition so farmer
usually water the plants and fill the lake which is useful as a replacement of water during power
failures. Farmer usually water plants every day what if rain fall occurs after watering the plant
and filling the lake, its waste.
3.2.3
Plant medicine:
Usually any crop gets spoiled by the insets, in order to prevent this farmer sprays a
variety of medicine for different different crops for the best yield, let say a 10 acres of lands
agriculture is growing by that time farmer need to go to each plant and need spray that medicine
for a better yielding its a time taking as well as dangerous work to the farmers too.
3.2.4
Yielding:
After all the above steps are completed yielding step comes which is having its own
issues. Depending on the soil, yield is decided. Is that fruit or vegetable being rotten, dry or
infected? Farmer need to test every item and he should categorize the yield.
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3.3 City:
We all are familiar with the traffic, there are one-way routes, 2 way routes, express
roads, national highways and highways. Any vehicle passing through any route/road should
follow its own parameters and constrains. But what is happening if an accident is taken place
in any of the road, it takes definitely more than an hour to the police department to take an
action and even to see in the video surveillance all the vehicles behind will get stocked and in
any busy they have to stay back until the road get cleaned up. what if a nearby school left their
students by the time of accident a big group of people is formed and its tough to get it cleared.
In a highways and national highway also in the accident prone area it is ok to have a street light
to glow continuously but what is the need of having streetlights in even streets without any
person, lots or energy resources are get consumed.
3.4 Problems In The Existing Systems:
3.4.1
3.4.2
Water level measuring system:
Waste of water
Electricity consumption
Special observation
Resource wastage
Rearrangement of crop
No soil fertile controlling
Watering the plant
Motor controlling
Special observation
Agriculture:
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3.4.3
No rest to the farmer
Need to do by own
Dangerous in any disobeying
Categorizing
Time taking
Rearrangement of crop
Management of traffic
Accident blocking
Late reacting
Huge crowd formation
Struggle to clear
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City:
3.5 Proposed System
3.5.1
Smart Transport:
The Internet of Things is changing much about the world we live in, from the
way we drive, to how we make purchases and even how we get energy for our homes,
sophisticated sensors in chips are embedded in the physical things that are surrounded as each
transmitting valuable data, data that could better understand how these things works, and work
together but how exactly do all these devices share such large quantities of data and how do we
put that information to work, whether improving the production of a factory, giving city
residents real time updates .Internet of Things platform brings this diverse information together
and provides the common language for the devices and apps to communicate with each other
,the process starts with a device themselves which securely communicates with an IoT platform,
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this platform integrate the data from many devices and applies analytics to share most valuable
data with the application that addresses industry specific needs. In these scenario devices are
the vehicles which are having sophisticated sensors connected to each part of the vehicle like
engine, shock absorbers, coolant tank, tires etc. but how this is seems like to be? This is the
question raised by everyone. So let us start with an example A CAR after taking a long road
trip you notices that check engine light has come on, you knows that you need to have your car
looked at by a mechanic , but its not sure whether its something minor or something that needs
immediate attention, as it turns out, the sensor that triggered your check engine light monitors
the pressure in a brake line, the answer is one of many monitoring process there throughout the
car which are constantly communicating with each other, a component in the car called the
diagnostic bus gathered the data from all there sensors then passes it to a gateway in the car, the
gateway into great then sorts the data from the sensors this way only the most relevant diagnostic
information will be transmitted to the manufactures platform but before sending this organized
data the cars gateway and platform must first register with each platform must first register with
each other and confirm a secure communication, the platform is constantly gathering and storing
thousand of bits of information from your car and hundred of thousands of cars like yours,
building the historical record in a secure database.
The manufactures added rules and logic to the platform, so when your car sends the
signal that your brake fluid has dropped below the recommended level the platform triggers an
alert in her car, manufacturer also use the platform to create and manage application difficult
issues in this case the manufacturer can deploy an application on the platform called the asser
management system this application oversees all of the customers cars on the road as well as all
the parts in their warehouses it uses the data phone back of card offer has a potential
appointment time to service your car, directions to the nearest certified dealet and a coupon for
the service. The mobile device ensure your breaks are covered under warrenty that the correct
replacement part is ordered and then sent to the dealership so it is ready when you arrives, but
the manufactures analysis does not stop there, they have also deployed a continues engineering
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application that tracks not only your car but hundred of other looking for ways, to improve the
design and manufacturing process of the car itself if the same problem in a break on croops up
in a critical number of other cars, the manufactures uses applications custom-built for the
automobile industry to pinpoint the exact problem they can see if these cars were made at same
factory use the same pats or came off the assembly line on the same day so what do all these
pieces are upto stream lined inventory management for the dealer a better safer car from the
manufacture and for you, it means you can get back on the road faster and get to where, youre
going safely. All thanks to CloudIoT.
Fig 3.1:Smart City
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3.5.2
15
Smart Water Level Measuring:
A smart water level measuring system deals with connected sensors, smart motor and
smart communication. Level measurement is measured with the sensor incorporated into the
water tank externally, which sending data to the authenticated cloud, the cloud is connected to
the user and the devices within the availability of the user, since the sophisticated sensor is
sending the data to the cloud, the cloud access the data and perform computations by measuring
the level of water every time up to its threshold, when the threshold level reached an alert will
be sent to the users device (phone, alerting device) which is also authenticated by the cloud
and waits for the users reply until time out, after time out the cloud assumes that user did not
met with the notification, so cloud performs the users action to turn off the motor. Motor, this
is a normal motor we used to see in our daily life, but the question here is how that motor turns
off when cloud sends signal to turn off. There is no surprise, you have this doubt, there is a
switching module which allows and stops the current flow remotely only by authenticated
source. In this case, cloud is authenticated with all the devices in users home, motor is also one
of the devices, so cloud can perform any action on motor. Let us explain you with a scenario.
Let say youre a busy house owner which is not smart yet. To fill your water tank, you
took a step forward to turn on the motor, and there happens a power cut, you need to attend an
emergency and need to go out very urgently, you forgot about the lights, fan, motor to turn off as
the power cut happens they seems to be turned off, after going out of the home, power came back
and all the electric appliances starts to run again including motor, water tank starts to get filled,
after sometime tank get overflowed and water is keep on flowing all the day and motor is also
running all the day, you return back to home the next day, your surroundings are completely filled
with water, you get angry and felt sad.
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In this scenario IoT helps the user to keep a smile on this face, later the owner realize and kept
asensor in the tank and get authenticated to the cloud, whenever the tank get filled the owner
gets an notification, if the owners device is not accessed with the internet, cloud it self took a
smart step forword and turns the motor off, later when owners device connected with internet
there comes two notifications, one is the old alert to turn the motor off and the second one is
stay calm, your motor turned off.
Fig 3.2:Structure of Water Level Sensor
3.5.3
Smart Agriculture:
Smart, the word smart can be implemented in any field to make the work easy and
tension free, it can be automation or alteration, making anything smart is a challenge it can be
Big or Small, but regarding the agricultural field we can say its more than Big challenge that
developers can face. In major agriculture is deals with 4 phases.
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3.5.3.1
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Seeding:
In this phase farmer need to identify the property of the soil and choose the way of
placing the seed, after choosing the plan of cultivation farmer needs to plough the land either
through tractors or through ox cart, after ploughing the land seed planting should be compulsory
in order to get the yield.
3.5.3.2
Watering:
Crops need water to grow, but over watering or less watering may lead in the loss of the
crop. So watering phase is important and care handling phase in agriculture, the means of water
resources are ground, rain and preserved. Many issues will occur when there is no means of
water, so farmer should be updated with the properties and ways of irrigation, but its difficult
to understand all the irrigation properties through eyes or doing tests.
3.5.3.3
Safety:
Crops are usually get effected by the insects and other forms of bacteria, so generally
farmer sprays pesticides in order to protect their crops from insects, but this will be harmful and
dangerous to the farmer.
3.5.3.4
Yielding:
After all the above phases are completed yielding step comes which is having its own
issues. Depending on the soil, yield is decided. Is that fruit or vegetable being rotten, dry or
infected? Farmer need to test every item and he should categorize the yield.
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Bringing on the smartness to the agriculture field, the farmer who is authenticated with
a cloud that provides the services needed to compute the actions in the field, will connect the
cloud to the electronic gadgets like the tractor, water motor, and other means of utensils.
According to the scheduler farmer adjust the computational event occurrence with the local
time, cloud adjusts with the times and send the timed data to all the connected devices and the
remaining all is same as to the smart traffic and smart water motor, but independently
agriculture have its own applications such as smart identification which means the incorporated
sensor identifies the fertility and the other properties of the crop and sends the information to
the cloud, cloud performs some computations to identifies the crop which farmer can plant.
Fig:3.3: Smart Agriculture

3.5.4
Healthcare:
IoT multimedia technologies have made their entrance in the healthcare field thanks
to ambient-assisted living and telemedicine. Smart devices, mobile Internet, and Cloud
services contribute to the continuous and systematic innovation of Healthcare and enable cost
effective, efficient, timely, and high-quality ubiquitous medical services. Pervasive healthcare
applications generate a vast amount of sensor data that have to be managed properly for further
analysis and processing. The adoption of Cloud in this scenario leads to the abstraction of
technical details, eliminating the need for expertise in, or control over, the technology
infrastructure and it represents a promising solution for managing healthcare sensor data
efficiently. It further makes mobile devices suited for health information delivery, access and
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communication, also on the go, enhancing medical data security, availability, and redundancy.
Moreover, it enables the execution (in the Cloud) of secure multimedia-based health services,
vercoming the issue of running heavy multimedia & security algorithms on devices with
limited computational capacity and small batteries. In this field, common issues related to
management, technology, security, and law have been investigated: interoperability, system
security, streaming Quality of Service (QoS), and dynamically increasing storage are
commonly considered obstacles.
3.5.5
Smart Home and Smart Metering:
IoT has a large number of applications in which one of them is home environment,
where heterogeneous embedded devices enable the automation of common in-house activities.
In this scenario, the Cloud is the best candidate for building flexible applications with only a
few lines of code, making home automation a trivial task. In order to let a variety of independent
single-family smart homes access reusable services over the Internet, the resulting solution
should satisfy three crucial requirements: internal network interconnection (i.e., every digital
appliance in smart home should be able to interconnect with any other),artificial intelligent
remote controlling (that is appliances and services in the smart home should be intelligently
manageable by any smart controlling device from any point of location),and automation (i.e.,
interconnected appliances within the home should implement their functions via connecting to
the services provided by extensible services of the Cloud).
Several smart-home applications proposed in literature involve (wireless) sensor

networks and implement smart metering solutions to provide recognition of appliances,
intelligent management of energy consumption, lighting, heating, and air conditioning . Several
issues must be resolved to materialize this vision. Home devices should be web-enabled, their
discovery and service description should be standardized, and the interaction with them should
be uniform. Administration and control of devices could be leveraged by deploying more
powerful computing devices, acting as mediators among smart devices and Cloud components,
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for implementing complex functionalities on top of them, mitigating the volume and the
frequency of communications with the Cloud.
3.5.6
Video Surveillance:
Intelligent video surveillance has become a tool of the greatest importance for several
security-related applications. As an alternative to in-house, self-contained management
systems, complex video analytics require Cloud-based solutions (VSaaS) to properly satisfy the
requirements of storage (e.g., stored media is centrally secured, fault-tolerant, on-demand,
scalable, and accessible at high-speed) and processing. (e.g., video processing, computer vision
algorithms and pattern recognition modules to extract knowledge from scenes). Proposed
solutions intelligently store and manage video content originating from (IP and analog) cameras,
and efficiently deliver it to multiple user devices through the Internet, by distributing the
processing tasks over the physical server resources on-demand, in a load-balanced and faulttolerant fashion.
3.5.7
Automotive and Smart Mobility:
As an emerging technology, IoT is expected to offer promising solutions to

transform transportation systems and automobile services (i.e., Intelligent Transportation
Systems, ITS). The integration of Cloud technologies with WSNs, RFID, satellite networks,
and other intelligent transportation technologies represents a promising opportunity to tackle
the main current challenges. A new generation of IoT-based vehicular data Clouds can be
developed and deployed to bring many business benefits, such as increasing road safety,
reducing road congestion, managing traffic, and recommending car maintenance or fixing . The
literature proposes several examples of multi-layered, Cloudbased vehicular data platforms that
merge Cloud computing and IoT technologies. These platforms aim at providing realtime,
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cheap, secure, and on-demand services to customers, through different types of Clouds, which
also include temporary vehicular Clouds (i.e., formed by the vehicles representing the Cloud
datacenters). Vehicular Clouds are designed to expand the conventional Clouds in order to
increase on demand the whole Cloud computing, processing, and storage capabilities, by using
under-utilized facilities of vehicles.
Thanks to these platforms, innovative, vehicular, data Cloud services can be deployed
(e.g., intelligent parking Cloud service, or vehicular data-mining Cloud service). More in
general, ethernet and IP-based routing (being less expensive and more flexible than related
technologies) are claimed to be very important technologies for future communication networks
in electric vehicles, enabling the link between the vehicle electronics and the Internet,
integrating the vehicle into a typical IoT, and meeting the demand for powerful communication
with Cloud-based services. Several issues have been identified in literature affecting this
application scenario. The huge number of vehicles and their dynamically changing number
make system scalability difficult to achieve. Vehicles moving at various speeds frequently cause
intermittent communication impacting performance, reliability, and QoS. The lack of an
established infrastructure makes it difficult to implement effective authentication and
authorization mechanisms, with impacts on security and privacy provision. The lack of global
standards and experimental studies on realistic ITS-Clouds affect interoperability.
3.5.8
Smart Energy and Smart Grid:
IoT and Cloud can be effectively merged to provide intelligent management of energy
distribution and consumption in both local and wide area heterogeneous environments. In the
first case, for instance, lighting could be provided where and when strictly necessary by
exploiting the information collected by different types of nodes. Such nodes have sensing,
processing, and networking capabilities, but limited resources. Hence, computing tasks should
be properly distributed among them or demanded to the Cloud, where more complex and
comprehensive decisions can be made. In the second case, the problem on energy alternative
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and compatible use can be solved by integrating system data in the Cloud, while providing selfhealing, mutual operation and participation of the users, optimal electricity quality, distributed
generation, and demand response. The integration of Cloud platforms in this IoT scenario
increases the concerns about security and privacy issues for Smart Grid software deployment
for utilities. These concerns should be adequately addressed to realize the full potential of such
application: consumers should gain more confidence in sharing data to help improving and
optimizing services offered.
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4. PLATFORMS AND IMPLEMENTATIONS
Developing an IoT application appends 2 scenarios, one to create a new application and
the other to modify the existing system, each needs the implementation of both the hardware as
well as software and these both wants the platform to communicate, but why and what platform
provides?
4.1 Platform:
The Internet of things (IoT) is developing into one of the most evolving technology in
the history of the software industry. As connectivity, storage, and computation become more
pervasive, were seeing an explosion of IoT solutions, from sports to public safety. As with any
other trend in the history of computer software, its starting to produce a new generation of
platforms.
While the initial generation of IoT solutions have focused on frameworks like Arduino
or Raspberry Pi that enable communication with smart sensors, I believe a new generation of
platforms that enable backend capabilities for IoT solutions is about to emerge. To use industry
terms, IoT platform as a service which is nothing but a part of Platform as a service (PAAS).
4.2 The need of IoT backend Services:
The rapid evolution of the IoT market has caused an explosion in the number and
variety of IoT solutions. Additionally, large amounts of funding are being deployed at IoT
startups. Consequently, the focus of the industry has been on manufacturing and producing the
right types of hardware to enable those solutions. In that model, most IoT solution providers
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have been building all components of the stack, from the hardware devices to the relevant
cloud services or the solutions. As a result, there is a lack of consistency and standards across
the cloud services used by the different IoT solutions. As the industry evolves, the need for
standard models to perform common IoT backend tasks, such as event processing, storage, and
firmware updates, is becoming more relevant. In that new model, we are likely to see different
IoT solutions work with common backend services, which will guarantee levels of
interoperability, portability and manageability that are almost impossible to achieve with the
current generation of IoT solutions. The need for standards and consistency is becoming more
relevant in IoT deployments.
As a result, we are seeing the first generation of standards, such as MQTT or XMPP,
being widely adopted as the transport layer for IoT solutions. However, transport protocols are
not sufficient to establish a complete IoT backend layer. More sophisticated services that
abstract common IoT backend capabilities, such as storage, event aggregation, and firmware
management, are needed.
4.3 The emerging of IoT PAAS:
Backend services and infrastructures are becoming essential elements of IoT solutions,
which can be seen as an extension of general PaaS. But theyll have to feature IoT-optimized
infrastructure services in order to be relevant for IoT solutions in the real world.
4.3.1.1
Mobile Device Managment:
IoT industry will produce platforms that mainly enable the management and operation
of smart devices in an IoT topology. Mobility is the regular term used while talking about the
internet of things. The evolution of the IoT is either by automation or remote access, device
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used to control the system should be in the terms of remotly managable as they are going to
be control by any one who is authenticated and from any where network available.
4.3.1.2
Real-time analytics:
In the IoT implementations, processing high volumes of data in real time and to provide
meaningful analytics are essential for providing true business value. In that sense, PAAS
should include real time analytics that can be used immediately. It could work with well
established complex event processing platforms to perform real-time aggregations of the data
smart devices produe.
4.3.1.3
IoT solution Testing:
The emergence of mobile solutions has lead to new types of testing platforms that
validate mobile solutions functionally across different types of devices, networks and carriers.
Following this pattern, I belive the arrival of more industrial IoT solution will produce platfors
that enablesfunctional and integration testing capabilities across a varity of devices and
topologies. From that perspective, this new generation of IoT testing platform should enable
capabilities like dynamic message simulation, throughput generations, and the ability to record
and replay message traffic under specific conditions.
4.3.1.4
Integration factors:
Integration with the system in incredibly important for the industrial IoT perspective.
For example, a manufacturing plant equipped with sensors that monitos parts of the production
line. Information the sensors produce gets aggregated and processed in real time by the iot
platform, which upon detecting a condition, will update records in the production contol
system. Clearly, in this scenario, the information produced by IoT devices must be integrated
with the existing system(the cloud), to achieve that integration, IoT PAAS provide the right
level of connectors and backend integration capabilities that are optimized for high traffic
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scenarios. Well established computing paradigms such as complex event processing will be
incredibly useful to enable this sort of IoT integration.
4.3.1.5
Existing platform:
The concept of PAAS might seem ambiguos, its failry simple to deliver from a
technology standpoint, due to the advances in cloud computing and mobile platform. Today,
most cloud infrastructure and platform technologies are equipped with high-throughput event
processing services that can adapt to the needs of IoT. additionally, these platforms address
elastic scalability models.Similar to cloud computing, the IoT PAAS concept can be built on
the technology produced by the rapid evolution of the enterprise mobile industry over the past
few years. Mobile as a subset of IoT, its safe to assume that well established enterprise
platform concept, such as MDM (mobile device management), mobile analytics and mobile
backend as a service are already a foundation for IoT PAAS solutions.
4.4 Implementations:
Implementation concepts can be future modified as some of the research concepts and
also projects. Cloud IoT is a well developed technology implementation in the cities of Europe,
Japan and India. A lot research work is going over there aiming to the development of
Infrastructure, services, tools and applications for municipalities and their citizens, developers
to create, implement and to manage user centric applications including enhanced transportation
through mobile devices.
Migrating IoT application specific data into the Cloud offers great convenience, such as
reduction of cost and complexity related to direct hardware management. Accordingly, the
complex scenario of CloudIoT includes many aspects related to several heterogeneous topics,
each of them imposing challenges when requiring specific capabilities to be satisfied. For
instance, the following capabilities are required to guarantee trusted and efficient services:
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security, privacy, reliability, availability, portability, and semantic interoperability. When

critical IoT applications move towards the Cloud, new concerns arise due to the lack of some
essential properties: trust in the service provider, knowledge about service level agreements
(SLAs), and knowledge about the physical location of the data storage.
Accordingly, new challenges require specific attention: the distributed nature of the
system exposes several significant attacks (e.g., session riding, SQL injection, cross site
scripting, and side-channel) and vulnerabilities (e.g., session hijacking and virtual machine
escape).
Multi-tenancy could compromise security and may lead to sensitive information

leakage; public key cryptography cannot be applied at all layers due to the computing power
constraints imposed by the things. As summarized in Table II, in the following we report how
providing certain capabilities has proved challenging in the recent literature when addressing
several main topics pertaining to CloudIoT.
4.5 Service delivery:
IoT services are typically provided as isolated vertical solutions, in which all system
components are tightly coupled to the specific application context. For each deployed
application service, providers have to survey target application environments, analyze its
requirements, select hardware devices, integrate heterogeneous subsystems, develop
applications, provide computing infrastructure, and provide service maintenance. On the other
hand, leveraging Cloud service delivery models, CloudIoT can enable efficient, scalable, and
easily-extensible IoT service delivery. Although PaaS like models would represent a generic
solution for facilitating the deployment of most IoT applications, their adoption moves some
IoT challenges into the Cloud world. For instance, the interaction with (management of) huge
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amounts of highly heterogeneous things (produced data) has to be properly addressed into the
Cloud at different levels.
4.6 Networking and Communication Protocols:
CloudIoT involves machine-to-machine (M2M) communications among many

heterogeneous devices with different protocols, which depend on the specific application
scenario. Dealing with this heterogeneity to manage the things in a uniform fashion while
providing required performance is challenging. The majority of application areas does not
involve mobility: in stationary scenarios, IoT often adopts IEEE 802.15.4/6LoWPAN solutions.
On the other hand, other scenarios such as vehicular networks mostly adopt IEEE 802.11p
specifications. However, being WiFi and Bluetooth the most widely used radio technologies for
personal networks, their adoption for IoT applications is increasing: they represent a cheaper
solution, most mobile devices already support them (e.g., smart phones), and both standards are
becoming more and more low power. In some other cases, when power constraints are less
critical, GPRS is used for Internet connectivity but it results in a very costly solution (e.g.,
multiple SIM cards are necessary).
4.7 Big data:
With an estimated number of 50 billion devices that will be networked by 2020, specific
attention must be paid to transportation, storage, access, and processing of the huge amount of
data they will produce. Thanks to the recent development in technologies, IoT will be one of
the main sources of big data, and Cloud will enable to store it for long time and to perform
complex analyses on it. The ubiquity of mobile devices and sensor pervasiveness, indeed call
for scalable computing platforms (every day 2.5 quintillion bytes of data are created). Handling
this data conveniently is a critical challenge, as the overall application performance is highly
dependent on the properties of the data management service.
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Hence, following the NoSQL movement, both commercial and open source solutions
adopt alternative database technologies for big data: time-series, key-value, document store,
wide column stores, and graph databases. Unfortunately, no perfect data management solution
exists for the Cloud to manage big data.
4.8 Sensor Networks:
Sensor networks have been defined as the major enabler of IoT and as one of the five
technologies that will shape the world, offering the ability to measure, infer, and understand
environmental indicators, from delicate ecologies and natural resources to urban environments.
Recent technological advances have made efficient, low-cost, and low power miniaturized
devices available for use in large-scale, remote sensing applications. Moreover, smartphones,
even though limited by power consumption and reliability, come with a variety of sensors (GPS,
accelerometer, digital compass, microphone, and camera), enabling a wide range of mobile
applications in different domains of IoT. In this context, the timely processing of huge and
streaming sensor data, subject to energy and network constraints and uncertainties, has been
identified as the main challenge. Cloud provides new opportunities in aggregating sensor data
and exploiting the aggregates for larger coverage and relevancy, but at the same time affects
privacy and security. Furthermore, being lack of mobility a typical aspect of common IoT
devices, the mobility of sensors introduced by smartphones as well as wearable electronics
represents a new challenge.
4.9 User Participation:
The investment into omnipresent Internet capable devices is not reasonable in every
scenario. Therefore, it would be convenient to give the opportunity to users to participate in
submitting data that represent a thing. Users could also be empowered with new building blocks
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and tools: accelerators, frameworks, and toolkits will enable the participation of users in IoT as
done in the Internet through Wikis and Blogs. Such tools and techniques should enable
researchers and design professionals to learn about users work, giving users an active role in
technology design. To achieve this, these tools should allow users to easily experiment various
design possibilities in a cost-effective way. In this scenario, one challenge is to provide adequate
prototyping tools for implementing a cooperative prototyping approach, where users and
designers explore together applications and their relations.
4.10 Monitoring:
As largely documented in the literature, monitoring is an essential activity in Cloud

environments for capacity planning, for managing resources, SLAs, performance and security,
and for troubleshooting. As a consequence, CloudIoT inherits the same monitoring
requirements from Cloud, but the related challenges are further affected by volume, variety, and
velocity characteristics of IoT.
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5. DISCUSSIONS
The analyses we have done in previous sections, here we resume the main issues related
to CloudIoT still requiring research efforts and point out some future directions.
5.1 The Need For Standards:
Even though the scientific community gave multiple contributions to the deployment
and standardization of IoT and Cloud paradigms, a clear necessity of standard protocols,
architectures and APIs is being demanded in order to facilitate the interconnection among
heterogeneous smart objects and the creation of enhanced services, which realize the CloudIoT
paradigm. In particular Mobile-to-Mobile (M2M) is a leading paradigm, but there is a very little
standardization for it. Hence the several existing solutions use standard Internet, cellular, and
Web technologies. Moreover, the state of the art lacks domain specific environments for rapid
development and efficient CloudIoT service delivery. Indeed, most architectures proposed at
the initial stage of IoT either have come from the WSN perspective or are based on Cloud at the
center.
5.2 Energy Efficient Sensing:
WSN typically consists of lowcost, low-power, and energy-constrained sensors. Each

operation, calculation, and inter-communication consumes the node energy. Also when specific
sensors are replaced by smart devices, energy saving is a major issue and energy efficient
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management is more than desirable. Several techniques can be adopted to achieve energy
saving: for instance, compressive sensing enables reduced signal measurements without
impacting accurate reconstruction of the signal and utilizes synchronous communication to
reduce the transmitting power of each sensor. On the other side, CloudIoT, involving Cloud
paradigm is not affected by energy issues. Indeed, it is possible to lease on-demand computing
and storage resources through Cloud in an optimal manner from the energetic point of view. In
addition, local computations can be shifted to the Cloud, in order to save computational
resources and device energy.
5.3 New Protocols:
MAC and routing protocols are critical for the system to work efficiently. Even though
several protocols have been proposed for various domains (with TDMA, CSMA, and FDMA
schemes), none of them has been accepted as a standard, and with the growing number of
things, further research is required. Energy is the main consideration for routing protocols.
Although the literature reports existing routing protocols can work with minor modifications
in IoT scenarios (considering that the number of hops in multi-hop scenario is limited and that
a backbone is typically available) , IETF ROLL workgroup (which deals with routing over
low-power lossy networks) claims that existing routing protocols such as OSPF, IS-IS, AODV,
and OLSR have been found to not satisfy Low Power and Lossy Networks (LLNs) specific
routing requirements in their current form (e.g. optimization for energy saving, typical pointto-multipoint traffic patterns, restricted frame-sizes, limits in trading efficiency for generality).
Hence RPL (ripple) protocol draft has been proposed.
5.4 Participative Sensing:
The problem of missing samples is essential in people-centric sensing. Indeed, hoping

on users volunteering information may be a severe limitation to the power to
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supply
purposeful
information.
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33
is
more
information
possession
and
privacy problems should be addressed and applicable participation incentives should be

identied to realize real end-user engagement .
5.5 Complex Information Mining:
Current technologies aren't ready to utterly solve all problems associated with the
quality of massive information. the share of information of knowledge of information a
corporation will analyze is on the decline: attributable to the high variety of massive data
producers and therefore the high frequency of information generation, the gap between
information on the market to organizations and information they'll method is obtaining wider.
Approximate results area unit usually orders of magnitude quicker compared to ancient
question execution . Analysis efforts area unit needed to fulfill the challenge of massive
information. New technologies and question optimizations area unit needed to research giant
volumes of information quicker with efcient resource and power consumption. Massive
information consists of high-valued information mixed with dirty and incorrect information.
Extracting helpful data at totally different special and temporal resolutions could be a difficult
downside in articial intelligence analysis. Where as state-of-art strategies use shallow
learning, Associate in Nursing rising focus is deep learning, that aims at learning multiple
levels of abstraction, which might be wont to interpret given information. Heterogeneous
spatio-temporal (geo-related and sparsely distributed) information returning from IoT
embellishments aren't continuously prepared for direct consumption mistreatment image
platforms. New image schemes got to be developed (e.g. 3D, GIS), so as to form enticing and
simple to grasp visualizations.
5.6 Cloud Capabilities:
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Security, which concerns every networked surroundings, could be a major issue for
CloudIoT. so each its IoT facet (i.e., RFID, WSN) and its Cloud facet ar liable to variety of
attacks. In IoT context, encoding will guarantee information condentiality, integrity, and
believability. but it cannot address corporate executive attacks (e.g. throughout WSN
reprogramming) and it's difcult to implement on computation-constrained devices. RFID is
that the most vulnerable part, since no higher level of intelligence may be enabled on that.
Also, security aspects associated with Cloud need attention since Cloud handles the social
science, along side information and tools. Moreover, Cloud platforms got to be increased to
support the fast creation of applications, by providing domain specic programming tools and
environments and seamless execution of applications, harnessing capabilities of multiple
dynamic and heterogeneous resources, to satisfy QoS necessities of various users. Cloud
programming algorithms got to manage task duplication for failure management, so as to
deliver services during a reliable manner. Moreover, they must be able to traumatize QoS
parameters.
5.7 Fog Computing:
Fog computing could be an extension of classic Cloud computing to the sting of the
network (as fog is a cloud near the ground). it's been designed to support IoT applications,
characterized by latency constraints and demand for mobility and geo-distribution. Even
though computing, storage and networking square measure resources of each the Cloud and
also the Fog, the latter has specic characteristics: edge location and placement awareness
implying low latency; geographical distribution and a awfully sizable amount of nodes in
distinction to centralized Cloud; support for quality (through wireless access) and period
interaction (instead of batch processes); support for interaction with the Cloud.
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6. CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the IoT can dramatically amendment the approach we have a tendency
to live our daily lives and what info is hold on concerning North American nation. This cloud
computing is unengaged to use anytime and anyplace as long because the pc is connected with
the net supported the service models that is Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS), Platform-as-aService (PaaS), and Software-as-a-Service (SaaS). The cloud is that the solely technology
appropriate for filtering, analyzing, storing, and accessing the data in helpful ways that. The
preparation models supported the cluster, community and purpose. Iot is that the concerning
the devices that connected to the net to performs the processes and repair that support our
basics wants, economics, health and atmosphere. Hence, cloud computing acts as a front to
access web of Things. Cloud computing now's a lot of common service that comes with a lot
of characteristics and benefits. Actually, cloud computing relies on the user performs the pc
tasks exploitation services delivered entirely through the net. Nowadays, we will see that the
net of things provides hopes for human life activity. If a employee must end their report back
to pass through Manager, suddenly she/he runs out of memory area on pc. there's no downside
if the pc is connected to the net. She/he will use cloud computing service to end theirs works
as a result of the information is controlled by the server. Another example is that if your phone
had a retardant and you would like to format your portable. you'll use google apps Picassa to
store your image to the net. therefore you'll load the image from web through those applications
anytime.
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7. REFERENCES
1. http://www.openiot.eu/.
2. http://iot-toolkit.com/.
3. http://postscapes.com/internet-of-things-cloud.
4. http://www.nimbits.com/.
5. http://www.iot-a.eu/.
6. https://xively.com/.
7. http://open.sen.se/.
8. https://thingspeak.com/.
9. http://www.netlabtoolkit.org/learning/tutorials/iot-cloud-services/.
10. http://clout-project.eu/home2/.
11. https://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/roll/charter/.
12. Botta et al., On the Integration of Cloud Computing and Internet of Things, Proc.
Intl Conf. Future Internet of Things and Cloud (Fi-Cloud 2014), 2014, pp. 2330.
13. Hong-Linh
Truong;
Dustdar,
S.
"Principles
for
Engineering
IoT
Cloud
Systems", Cloud Computing, IEEE, On page(s): 68 - 76 Volume: 2, Issue: 2, Mar.Apr. 2015.

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14. A. Botta, W. de Donato, V. Persico, A. Pescape, Integration of cloud computing and

Internet of Things: A survey, Future Generation Computer Systems (2015),
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2015.09.021
15. J. Zhou , "CloudThings: A common architecture for integrating the Internet of Things
with cloud computing" , Proc. IEEE 17th Int. Conf. Comput. Supported Cooperative
Work Des. (CSCWD) , pp.651 -657 , 2013 .
16. J. Jin, J. Gubbi, S. Marusic and M. Palaniswami , "An information framework for
creating a smart city through Internet of Things" , IEEE Internet Things J. , vol. 1 , no.
2 , pp.112 -121 , 2014.
17. X. Sheng, X. Xiao, J. Tang and G. Xue , "Sensing as a service: A cloud computing
system for mobile phone sensing" , Proc. IEEE Sensors , pp.1 -4 , 2012 .
18. C. Perera , "Sensor search techniques for sensing as a service architecture for the
Internet of Things" , IEEE Sensors J. , vol. 14 , no. 2 , pp.406 -420 , 2014 .
19. K. Ashton, "That Internet of Things Thing," RFiD Journal, vol. 22, pp. 97-114,
2009.
20. I. Bojanova, G. Hurlburt and J. Voas, "Imagineering an Internet of Anything,"

Computer, vol. 47, pp. 72-77, 2014.
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21. X. Ye and J. Huang. A framework for Cloud-based Smart Home. In Computer Science
and Network Technology (ICCSNT), 2011 International Conference on, volume 2,
pages 894-897. IEEE, 2011.
22. M. Yun and B. Yuxin. Research on the architecture and key technology of Internet of
Things (IoT) applied on smart grid. In Advances in Energy Engineering (ICAEE), 2010
International Conference on, pages 69-72. IEEE, 2010.
23. G. Suciu, A. Vulpe, S. Halunga, O. Fratu, G. Todoran, and V. Suciu. Smart Cities Built
on Resilient Cloud Computing and Secure Internet of Things. In Control Systems and
Computer Science (CSCS), 2013 19th International Conference on, pages 513-518.
IEEE, 2013.
24. P. Parwekar. From Internet of Things towards cloud of things. In Computer and
Communication Technology (ICCCT), 2011 2nd International Conference on, pages
329-333. IEEE, 2011.
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25. Yen-Kuang Chen, "Challenges and Opportunities of Internet of Things", in the

proceedings of 17th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference, 30 Jan.02 Feb., 2012, Santa Clara, CA, USA.
26. Dave Evans, "The Internet of Things How the Next Evolution of the Internet Is
Changing Everything", Whitepaper, Cisco Internet Business Solutions Group (IBSG),
April 2011.
27. G. C. Fox, S. Kamburugamuve, and R. D. Hartman. Architecture and measured

characteristics of a cloud based internet of things. In Collaboration Technologies and
Systems (CTS), 2012 International Conference on, pages 6-12. IEEE, 2012.
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networks: a survey. Computer networks, 2002.
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International Conference on. IEEE, 2013.
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30. F. Bonomi, R. Milito, J. Zhu, and S. Addepalli. Fog computing and its role in the
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Things. In Architecting the Internet of Things, pages 65-96. Springer, 2012.
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Application Oriented Integration of Cloud and Internet of Things

Application Oriented Integration of Cloud and Internet of Things

1.3 Additional Information:

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Application Oriented Integration of Cloud and Internet of Things

Cloud is a model which enables convenient, on-demand,

Application Oriented Integration of Cloud and Internet of Things

Fig.1.1 : Evolution of Internet

Application Oriented Integration of Cloud and Internet of Things

Sensing as service provides identification for unique sensing data.

Sensor as a service, provides unique managing capabilities to remote sensors.

Database as a service, enables unique data management for heterogeneous devices.

Data as a service, enables data access from any authenticated device.

Ethernet as a service, provides connectivity to remote devices.

Identity and policy management as a service, provides identification and access

Video surveillance as a service, provides access to recorded video and implementing

Internet of things enables a wide of capabilities as iot is characterized by a very high

Application Oriented Integration of Cloud and Internet of Things

Pervasive (things placed anywhere)

Ubiquitous (resources to anywhere)

Real world things

Limited computational capabilities

Virtually unlimited computational capacity

Virtually unlimited storage

Internet as a central unit

Internet as a delivery medium

Big data producers

Manage big data with analysis

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Application Oriented Integration of Cloud and Internet of Things

2.1 Remote Processing Power:

2.2 Analytics and Monitoring:

2.3 Smoothens Inter-Service And Inter-Device Communications:

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Application Oriented Integration of Cloud and Internet of Things

User security and privacy:

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Application Oriented Integration of Cloud and Internet of Things

Water level measuring

City transportation and traffic

3.1 Water Level Measuring:

Watering the crop

Application Oriented Integration of Cloud and Internet of Things

Watering the crop:

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Application Oriented Integration of Cloud and Internet of Things

3.4 Problems In The Existing Systems:

Water level measuring system:

No soil fertile controlling

Watering the plant

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Application Oriented Integration of Cloud and Internet of Things

No rest to the farmer

Dangerous in any disobeying

Huge crowd formation

3.5 Proposed System

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Application Oriented Integration of Cloud and Internet of Things

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Application Oriented Integration of Cloud and Internet of Things

Fig 3.1:Smart City

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Application Oriented Integration of Cloud and Internet of Things

Smart Water Level Measuring: