Comparative Matrix of the 1987 and 1973 Bill of Rights

Bill of Rights (A)

1987
Article III

1973
Article IV (Article III was about Citizenship)

Due Process of Law (B); Equal Protection (C)

1987
1973
Section 1. No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due SECTION 1. No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due
process of law, nor shall any person be denied the equal protection of the process of law, nor shall any person be denied the equal protection of the
laws.
laws.

Searches, Seizures and Arrests (D)

1987
Section 2. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses,
papers, and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures of whatever
nature and for any purpose shall be inviolable, and no search warrant or
warrant of arrest shall issue except upon probable cause to be determined
personally by the judge after examination under oath or affirmation of the
complainant and the witnesses he may produce, and particularly describing
the place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized.

1973
SEC. 3. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers,
and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures of whatever nature
and for any purpose shall not be violated, and no search warrant or warrant of
arrest shall issue except upon probable cause to be determined by the judge,
or such other responsible officer as may be authorized by law, after
examination under oath or affirmation of the complainant and the witnesses
he may produce, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the
persons or things to be seized.

Privacy of Communication and Correspondence (E)

1987
1973
Section 3. (1) The privacy of communication and correspondence shall be SEC. 4. (1) The privacy of communication and correspondence shall be
inviolable except upon lawful order of the court, or when public safety or inviolable except upon lawful order of the court, or when public safety and
order requires otherwise, as prescribed by law.
order require otherwise.
(2) Any evidence obtained in violation of this or the preceding section shall
be inadmissible for any purpose in any proceeding.

(2) Any evidence obtained in violation of this or the preceding section shall be
inadmissible for any purpose in any proceeding.

Freedom of Expression (F)

1987
1973
Section 4. No law shall be passed abridging the freedom of speech, of SEC. 9. No law shall be passed abridging the freedom of speech, or of the
expression, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and petition the
and petition the government for redress of grievances.
Government for redress of grievances.

Freedom of
1987
Section 5. No law shall be made respecting an establishment of religion, or
prohibiting the free exercise thereof. The free exercise and enjoyment of
religious profession and worship, without discrimination or preference, shall
forever be allowed. No religious test shall be required for the exercise of civil
or political rights.

Religion (G)
1973
SEC. 8. No law shall be made respecting an establishment of religion, or
prohibiting the free exercise thereof. The free exercise and enjoyment of
religious profession and worship, without discrimination or preference, shall
forever be allowed. No religious test shall be required for the exercise of civil or
political rights.

Liberty of Abode and Travel (H)

1987
1973
Section 6. The liberty of abode and of changing the same within the limits SEC. 5. The liberty of abode and of travel shall not be impaired except upon
prescribed by law shall not be impaired except upon lawful order of the lawful order of the court, or when necessary in the interest of national security,
court. Neither shall the right to travel be impaired except in the interest of public safety, or public health.
national security, public safety, or public health, as may be provided by law.

Right to Information (I)

1987
1973
Section 7. The right of the people to information on matters of public SEC. 6. The right of the people to information on matters of public concern
concern shall be recognized. Access to official records, and to documents shall be recognized. Access to official records, and to documents and papers
and papers pertaining to official acts, transactions, or decisions, as well as to pertaining to official acts, transactions, or decisions, shall be afforded the
government research data used as basis for policy development, shall be citizen subject to such limitations as may be provided by law.
afforded the citizen, subject to such limitations as may be provided by law.

Right to Form Associations (J)

1987
1973
Section 8. The right of the people, including those employed in the public SEC. 7. The right to form associations or societies for purposes not contrary to
and private sectors, to form unions, associations, or societies for purposes law shall not be abridged.
not contrary to law shall not be abridged.

Just Compensation in Taking of Private Property (K)

1987
1973
Section 9. Private property shall not be taken for public use without just SEC. 2. Private property shall not be taken for public use without just
compensation.
compensation.

Non-Impairment Clause (L)

1987
1973
Section 10. No law impairing the obligation of contracts shall be passed.
SEC. 11. No law impairing the obligation of contracts shall be passed.

Free Access to Courts (M)

1987
1973
Section 11. Free access to the courts and quasi-judicial bodies and adequate SEC. 23. Free access to the courts shall not be denied to any person by reason
legal assistance shall not be denied to any person by reason of poverty.
of poverty.

Miranda Doctrine (N)

1987
1973
Section 12. (1) Any person under investigation for the commission of an SEC. 20. No person shall be compelled to be a witness against himself. Any
offense shall have the right to be informed of his right to remain silent and to person under investigation for the commission of an offense shall have the
have competent and independent counsel preferably of his own choice. If the right to remain silent and to counsel, and to be informed of such right. No
person cannot afford the services of counsel, he must be provided with one. force, violence, threat, intimidation, or any other means which vitiates the free
These rights cannot be waived except in writing and in the presence of will shall be used against him. Any confession obtained in violation of this
counsel.
section shall be inadmissible in evidence.
(2) No torture, force, violence, threat, intimidation, or any other means which
vitiate the free will shall be used against him. Secret detention places,
solitary, incommunicado, or other similar forms of detention are prohibited.
(3) Any confession or admission obtained in violation of this or Section 17
hereof shall be inadmissible in evidence against him.
(4) The law shall provide for penal and civil sanctions for violations of this
section as well as compensation to and rehabilitation of victims of torture or
similar practices, and their families.

Right to Bail (O)

1987
1973
Section 13. All persons, except those charged with offenses punishable by SEC. 18. All persons, except those charged with capital offenses when evidence
reclusion perpetua when evidence of guilt is strong, shall, before conviction, of guilt is strong, shall, before conviction, be bailable by sufficient sureties.
be bailable by sufficient sureties, or be released on recognizance as may be Excessive bail shall not be required.
provided by law. The right to bail shall not be impaired even when the
privilege of the writ of habeas corpus is suspended. Excessive bail shall not
be required.

Constitutional Rights of the Accused (P)

1987
1973
Section 14. (1) No person shall be held to answer for a criminal offense SEC. 17. No person shall be held to answer for a criminal offense without due
without due process of law.
process of law.
(2) In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall be presumed innocent
until the contrary is proved, and shall enjoy the right to be heard by himself
and counsel, to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation
against him, to have a speedy, impartial, and public trial, to meet the
witnesses face to face, and to have compulsory process to secure the
attendance of witnesses and the production of evidence in his behalf.
However, after arraignment, trial may proceed notwithstanding the absence
of the accused provided that he has been duly notified and his failure to
appear is unjustifiable.

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SEC. 19. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall be presumed innocent
until the contrary is proved, and shall enjoy the right to be heard by himself and
counsel, to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation against him,
to have a speedy, impartial, and public trial, to meet the witnesses face to face,
and to have compulsory process to secure the attendance of witnesses and the
production of evidence in his behalf. However, after arraignment, trial may
proceed notwithstanding the absence of the accused provided that he has been
duly notified and his failure to appear is unjustified.

Habeas Corpus (Q)

1987
1973
Section 15. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended SEC. 15. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended
except in cases of invasion or rebellion when the public safety requires it.
except in cases of invasion, insurrection, rebellion, or imminent danger
thereof, when the public safety requires it.

Speedy Disposition of Cases (R)

1987
1973
Section 16. All persons shall have the right to a speedy disposition of their SEC. 16. All persons shall have the right to a speedy disposition of their cases
cases before all judicial, quasi-judicial, or administrative bodies.
before all judicial, quasi-judicial, or administrative bodies.

Self-Incrimination (S)
1987
1973
Section 17. No person shall be compelled to be a witness against himself.
SEC. 20. No person shall be compelled to be a witness against himself. Any
person under investigation for the commission of an offense shall have the
right to remain silent and to counsel, and to be informed of such right. No
force, violence, threat, intimidation, or any other means which vitiates the
free will shall be used against him. Any confession obtained in violation of this

section shall be inadmissible in evidence.

Non-Detention by Reason of Political Beliefs or Aspirations (T)

1987
Section 18. (1) No person shall be detained solely by reason of his political n/a
beliefs and aspirations.

1973

Involuntary Servitude (U)

1987
Section 18.

1973
SEC. 14. No involuntary servitude in any form shall exist except as a
punishment for a crime whereof the party shall have been duty convicted.

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(2) No involuntary servitude in any form shall exist except as a punishment
for a crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted.

Prohibited Punishments (V)

1987
1973
Section 19. (1) Excessive fines shall not be imposed, nor cruel, degrading or SEC. 21. Excessive fines shall not be imposed, nor cruel or unusual
inhuman punishment inflicted. Neither shall the death penalty be imposed, punishment inflicted.
unless, for compelling reasons involving heinous crimes, the Congress
hereafter provides for it. Any death penalty already imposed shall be reduced
to reclusion perpetua.
(2) The employment of physical, psychological, or degrading punishment
against any prisoner or detainee or the use of substandard or inadequate
penal facilities under subhuman conditions shall be dealt with by law.

Non-Imprisonment for Debt (W)

1987
1973
Section 20. No person shall be imprisoned for debt or non-payment of a poll SEC. 13. No person shall be imprisoned for debt or non-payment of a poll tax.
tax.

Double Jeopardy (X)

1987
1973
Section 21. No person shall be twice put in jeopardy of punishment for the SEC. 22. No person shall be twice put in jeopardy of punishment for the same
same offense. If an act is punished by a law and an ordinance, conviction or offense. If an act is punished by a law and an ordinance, conviction or

acquittal under either shall constitute a bar to another prosecution for the
same act.

acquittal under either shall constitute a bar to another prosecution for the
same act.

Ex Post Facto Law or Bill of Attainder (Y)

1987
1973
Section 22. No ex post facto law or bill of attainder shall be enacted.
SEC. 12. No ex post facto law or bill of attainder shall be enacted.

Granting Title of Royalty or Nobility (Z)

1987
n/a

1973
SEC. 10. No law granting a title of royalty or nobility shall be enacted.