United Nations.

"Protocol to Prevent, Suppress, and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and
Children."Human and Civil Rights: Essential Primary Sources, edited by Adrienne Wilmoth Lerner, et al., Gale,
2006, pp. 477-480. Web.02 Nov. 2016.

Human trafficking which so broad , does have a labor and commercial sex purposes. Mankind so greedy
and selfish they will claim any mountain to satisfy their needs even at the price of the blood of others.So in
this context a lot of policy makers worldwide like International conventions on human trafficking include the
1910 International Convention for the Suppression of the White Slave Traffic, the 1921 International
Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Women and Children and so fourth focused more on women
and children. According to an interrnational Labor Organization 1998 estimate, the sex trade and sex tourism
represents between two percent and fourteen percent of the economic activities of the countries of Thailand,
Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines.The Protocol compels UN member states to create legislation with
severe penalties for those persons directly involved in human trafficking. In 2003, the United States updated
the U.S. Code to make illegal the importation of minors for use in the commercial sex trade or in the creation
of pornographic materials.

This article is very helpful to my research paper because it defines the various policies made by the
lawmakers to stop Human Trafficking.

I can definitely use some of this source in my research paper.

Beardsley, Eleanor. "A Young Afghan Migrant Makes His Way In The Calais 'Jungle'."Morning Edition, 4 Mar. 2016.
Web.02 Nov. 2016.

Despite all the political talks around the candidate immigration which is one the most topic and
a big issue this year in election in America as it is generally in Europe.Alot of foreigners tried
to cross frontiers ,boarders,forest to improve their living in either Europe or America .Some as
young as thirteen like the story of Imran a thirteen year old boy whose father died and his mom
wanted him to leave Afganistan for his safety because he does have an uncle who lives in
Ukraine he came by himself from Afaganistan to France .It took him eight months to reach this
port city and this squalid camp.
This article is very informative because it is proven facts how this immigrants can be subject of human
trafficking,. When he shows the reporter Beardsley where he was sleeping in this camp and that he has been
to school for two years and to make matter worst these camps were not suppose to exist and they assigned
these minors to a legal guardian neither the french nor the british are keeping tracks with these minor kids.
Sarah Crowe of UNICEF even said in interview this how these unaccompanied children became preys for
Human Trafficking because they do not know what is happening and they do not know the language speaking
unfortunately.

This articticle will be very useful to my paper because I can use example of these camps where these
unaccompanied minors can be preyed by smugglers and traffickers and how that young boy Imran even tried
to jump on a truck that was going to Ukraine but he did not succeed because he was unsupervised in this
camp.

Bryant, Nick. "Cover-ups of Child Sexual Abuse Are Rife in American Society." Sexual Violence, edited by Amanda
Hiber, Greenhaven Press, 2014. Opposing Viewpoints. Web.02 Nov. 2016.

Human trafficiking can come on different angle beside prostitution,smuglling women and children for labor or
sex but also on abuse victims like The [2011 sex abuse] scandals at Penn State and Syracuse universities,
Brooklyn's Poly Prep Country Day School, Fenway Park, and now the Amateur Athletic Union, along with the
intimations of possible cover-ups of child sexual abuse, have citizens shocked and outraged. However, these
recent allegations only are the latest variations on a theme of abuse by churches and respected organizations
like the Boy Scouts.

This source is immportant it showsthe different faces of human trafficiking without omnitted some big
instistution like the church that suppose to be the voice of the oppressed and some of these abuses are
coming from it because many specialists in the field of child sexual abuse have concluded that it is rare for
individuals to fabricate accusations of these crimes. In 2002, the New York Times interviewed Patrick Schiltz,
former associate dean of the University of St. Thomas law school in [St. Paul,] Minnesota and now a Federal
judge, who had defended Catholic dioceses against sexual-abuse lawsuits in more than 500 cases. Judge
Schiltz expressed the belief that "fewer than 10" of those cases were based on false accusations.

I can definetely use this source to support my argument that Human Trafficking can come in different angles,

Madrinan, Carmen. "Global Recession Boosts Child Prostitution and Trafficking."Human Trafficking, edited by Dedria
Bryfonski, Greenhaven Press, 2013. Current Controversies. Web.02 Nov. 2016.
It is obvious that poverty is the key factor that is created Human trafficiking.According to a recent report by the
group, increasing poverty, reduced budgets for social services, and restrictive immigration laws in "destination
countries" (which encourage children to avoid detection) are among the factors heightening children's
vulnerability.
Added to that, deteriorating household living conditions often compel young people to abandon school to
contribute to the family income, exposing them to risk as they seek livelihood options that could result in
exploitation, the report states.
This article is definetely one of the key element to my argument that poverty around the world generates
Human Trafficiking. Several factors in this article make it different than the others and I will help me with the

facts and the prevalence of Human Trafficiking around the world like the regional dimension or the political and
economical pressure.
This source will definetely be useful to my research paper.

Chang, Ailsa. "Missed Abortion Language Tangles Senate's Trafficking Bill." All Things Considered, 16 Mar. 2015.
Web.02 Nov. 2016.

Human trafficking is so comlplex that most of the time these abusers can leave their victims with unwanted
pregnancy and no financial ressources after they exploited those young girls or women if they are lucky
enough to be rescued because most of the time they are killed. In this regards the senate tried to pass a bill
that can assist these victims in case of an abortion, It would create a victims' restitution fund which would be
paid for with fines imposed on people convicted of trafficking crimes, such as someone who paid to have sex
with children.

This source is informative because it shows the struggle of the Senate to pass this bill because

It's a
provision called the Hyde Amendment. . And what it does is it bars taxpayer money from being
used for abortions, except in cases of rape or incest or if the mother's life is at risk. But what
Democrats pointed out is that this victims' fund is not taxpayer money. It's fines collected from
people who violated the law.
This article is useful to my argument on how complex and expensive human trafficking can be even on the tax
payers and how it affected a lot of people.

Dedria, Bryfonski. United Nations Inter-Agency Project on Human Trafficking. "Human Trafficking Is Caused by the
Greed
of Criminals."Human Trafficking, edited by Dedria Bryfonski, Greenhaven Press, 2013. Current Controversies.
Web.02 Nov. 2016.

Several studies have shown that Human-Trafficking is caused by lack of knowledge about human
traffickingcking as well as poverty. Prevention interventions often move forward with poverty alleviation
programs coupled with awareness raising, without first investigating whether the key drivers of
humantrafficking in the given area truly are household income or lack of understanding about trafficking and
safe migration. Because one cannot omitted that human trafficking involves gross abuses of human rights,
including physical and mental abuse, rape, forced drug use, deprivation of liberties, and sometimes as far as
murder.

This article is very informatve because I can argue that Human Trafficiking is not only causesd by greed but
also by criminals who mind set up do not feel no empathy for their victims but only see the gain of money and
luxury.

This source will be useful to my research paper.

Fisanick, Christina. "Human Trafficking, edited by Christina Fisanick, Greenhaven Press, 2010. Current Controversies.
Web.02 Nov. 2016.

Man kind often like to take advantage of other for their own advantage to be in power or for
greed. William Wilberforce whose bill to ban slavery was passed through the Brittish
Parliament in 1883.Now 150 years later nearly all countries have banned slavery. Despite all
these laws some people are still enslaved.Statistics collected by the Polaris project one the most
notorious anti-trafficking organization in the United States estimate that a number of foreign
countries are trafficking human being anually in the United States.and the estimate of citizens
who are sold into slavery is very high.
This article is very informative because it shows how big human trafficking is nationaly as
internationally and how that industry is estimates at 44.3 billion dollars a year between most
likely women, younger girls, and children.
This source is very helpful because its research and facts I can definetely use some of it to my
research paper.
Gruber, Aya. "A 'neo-feminist' assessment of rape and domestic violence law reform."Journal of Gender, Race and
Justice, Spring 2012, p. 583+. Opposing Viewpoints in Context.
Like they always said this a man world where women are always on a low pedestal and most of the time
subject of sex abuse and also as domestic violence that is why some law makers are fighting to improve the
concept of equal rights and the use of criminal strategies to combat gender crimes. the logical solutions to the
problem of sexism. Of course, law school injected a good amount of skepticism and nuance into one thinking.
Nonetheless, it continued to regard protecting prototypical abuse victims by throwing the book at batterers as
the highest moral calling.The purpose of this Article is to place critique of certain gender crime reforms and
similar critiques squarely within the larger category of feminist legal theorizing. In fact, this Article seeks to
make the case that recent feminist crime-control efforts actually represent a break from feminism's largely
progressive agenda.

This source is very different from the others but I can use of it to my research paper To show the different
measures one can use to control crime because tthis Article discusses the alliance between feminism and
crime-control ideologies.

This article will be usefull on my argument on the several ways one is using to combat Human exposure to
Trafficiking and violence in this planet.

Huetteman, Emmarie. "U.S. Placed Immigrant Children With Traffickers, Report Says."New York Times, 29
Jan. 2016, p. NA(L). ic.galegroup.com. Web.02 Nov. 2016.
In Marion Ohio, last year six children were lured to the United States from Guatemala with the promise of a
better life and were made to work on eggs' farm and they were as young as fourteen years of age. The worst
is that the governmewnt agency was responsible for delivering some of the victims into their abusers'hand.
The Department of Health and Human Services places more than a dozen immigrant children in the custody
of human traffickers after it failed to conduct background checks of caregivers according to a senate report.

This source is reliable because it based on research.I t also shows how the system is broken and weak
because thousands of unaccompanied children kept showing at the southern border and most risked abuse
by traffickers and detention by law enforcement. Moreover when the agency is placing these chidren while
they were placing these children in the wait of their immigration status they did not any backgroung check of
their caregivers.

This source is vey useful for my research paper because I can use some of this facts.

Khadaroo, Stacy Teicher. "Trafficking: One woman's journey from Staten Island slavery to her own boss."Christian
Science Monitor, 2 Nov. 2015. Web.02 Nov. 2016.
Human trafficking is so degrading and heartbroken many stories gave the chill and the repugnance like the
story of Jing a Filipina domestic worker thats was trapped in a Staten Island home for more than one year she
was bruised and was only pay less than $10.00 a day by the wife of a wealthy egyptian businessman that
hired her in Qatar they let her thing that the police was not on her side and that is why she was not allow to
go outside or on the backyard by fear that the police will arrest her .They also confiscated her passport and
paid her less than what they promised her.

This article is very informative because it shows also beside the story how small organization like Damayan
can be a voice for the oppressed victims by rally they organized to pull together the legal advocacy, the
political education and so fourth show how you create a social change.For instance Damayan's members
played a key role in New York to become the first of several states to pass a Domestic Workers Bill of Rights.

I will definetely use use this source to show or small organization can certainly make a difference on human
trafficking by pressured embassies when diplomatic immunity was shielding traffickers from prosecution, and
even helped some women win financial settlements.

Lourie, Julia. "A night for human rights."Radical Teacher, Winter 2016, p. 73+. Opposing Viewpoints in Context,
ic.galegroup. Web.02 Nov. 2016.

Human rights is definetely violated with HumanTrafficking because of several factors which the main one is
poverty. Human Rights Watch recently launched its Young Professionals Network with an event, "A Night For
Human Rights", to call attention to urgent human rights violations including America's mass incarceration
epidemic and the current Syrian refugee crisis . It was a night of art The artworks on display also helped open
up topics related to human suffering, such as Nepalese artist Arpana Rayamajhi's handmade necklaces (from
her "Wanderlust" and "I Wanna Go To Africa" series, respectively),
which are constructed out of vibrant colors in protest of the patriarchal, subjugating tradition in Nepal that a
women must only wear black once her husband dies

This article is different from the others but I can use some of it to illustrate on my argument that humantrafficking
is definetely against human rights an it definetely violated human rights by the conditions the humans
traffickers exposed their victims who most of the time are young innocents children.

This article will be useful in my highlight how Human Trafficiking violated Human rights.

Martin, Rachel. "Cindy McCain Talks About Her Work On Combating Sex Trafficking."Weekend Edition Sunday,
24 Apr. 2016. Opposing Viewpoints in Context.

A lot of famous voices advocate in the fight of human trafficking like the wife of Senator John Mccain Cyndi
Mccain who is a passionate defender of victims of human trafficiking who along with her husband has
founded the McCain Institute. The organization focuses in part on anti-human trafficking. She says the
problem is a global one and also Unfortunately, most people in the United States still believe that it takes
place only overseas, which couldn't be further from the truth.

This article is important to my paper because I can use use to show some the tools being used to fight human
trafficiking over the world. Like Mrs Mccain testified on Capitol Hill earlier this year and the actual legislation
she trying to push that would make a difference?.

This source is important because I can use it in my research paper to argue the facts that the world is taking
action to fight Human trafficiking and a lot of well-known personality are using their celebrety status to help this
noble cause.

Morefield, Scott. "Parents Should Have the Right to Properly Discipline their Children."Opposing Viewpoints Online
Collection, Gale, 2016. Web.02 Nov. 2016.
One's children represents he or she so in this context if a child is not diciplined most likely it will fall under the
parents lack of responsibility in this context Scott Morefied and edittor of the blog Raising Godly Children
argues that spanking it good and should be different than child abuse where parents litterally cause injure to
the child .because he contends that spanking and abuse are not synonymous and that corporal punishment
has been used by parents throughout civilization and also support for physical discipline is as well Biblical.

This article is really informative because it even related the Michigan 's case where a mom was facing jail for
disciplined her child with a wooden paddle. and Delaware was the first state passing the nation first law of
anti-spanking in 2012. Personally I do have kids and I do not think spanking a child is wrong because if you
do not disciplined them they will turn to some uncontrolable kids and one needs to get ready to a long life of
shame and misery with this child because one fail as a mom to put bondaries. And we often wonder why our
society is so cahotic with the liberals who are working around the clock to sway public opinions and the law
into their direction.They even use offensive words for spanking as hitting or even corporal punishment.

This source is helpful because its research facts like the Michigan's case.I can use some of it to help with my
argument: Is it abuse for one to discipline his or her child? Abd is one the cause that push a child to run away
from home and be exposed most likely to human traffickers that would exploited them by fake promises.

Oliomogbe, Hendrix. "Police Rescue Three Pregnant Victims From 'Baby Factory' in Delta." Africa News Service, 8
Aug.
2016. Web.02 Nov. 2016.

Human Trafficiking can also lead to the selling of new born like the story of Three female: Esther Frank, 17;
Chinyere Ude, 19; and Happiness Igwe, 20 have been rescued by operatives of the police Special AntiKidnapping Squad, Asaba at a hideout on Okpanam Road, Asaba. A town in Africa
The Delta State Police Commissioner, Mr. Zanna Ibrahim, told reporters yesterday in Asaba that the victims,
who are all with advanced pregnancies, told the police they were brought to the hideout by a lady, Uju
Okonkwo, a suspected fake nurse working at Chinonso Hospital, Nkpor in Anambra State, for the purpose of
selling their children after delivery. As sickening as it is this al so part of human trafficiking
This article will be useful to my paper to show the several faces of Human trafficiking like also The pastor,
who owns a church in Asaba, was apprehended for allegedly defiling an eight- year-old girl in his residence.

This source will be useful to my research paper because I can use these stories as evidence of different
facade of Human Trafficiking.

Petriliggieri, Francesca. "Poverty Is the Root Cause of Human Trafficking."Human Trafficking, edited by Dedria
Bryfonski, Greenhaven Press, 2013. Current Controversies. Web.02 Nov. 2016.

Thousand women and girls are bought and are forced into sex market every year they are
coming from inside and outside the European borders, central and Easterm Europe as well as
from Asia,Africa and Latin America it is a growing phenomenon.Because of a lack of wellbeing most of the victims found themselves in some vulnerable situtations because of either
social ,economical or political these people take the risk to migrate because they want a change
in their life.Members of COATNET(Christian Organization against Trafficking)expressed the
lead cause for the migration of these people in these boarders all over the world is
poverty.Moreover the most poor will also migrate they will manage to borrow money to escape
to their situation. Vadym Yatsyshyn a psychologist from Caritas Ukraine working with trafficked
women hear their stories how they rather borrow money to escape unemployment, housing problem or social
inequality..

This article is very significative to my reseach paper because it shows one of the lead cause of
human trafficking all over the world is poverty because most of these people who are victims
want a change to their situation.
This source is very important to my reseach paper because it proven how proverty is the root
cause of Human Trafficking.