Professional Documents
Culture Documents
If you refer to other people's work in your writing, you should include correct citations to:
You should use the referencing style recommended by your lecturer for your
assignment. If they have not specified style, we recommend APA 6th, a widely used
style.
Re:Cite is an interactive library website that shows you how to use these common
referencing styles:
APA 6th
Harvard
Vancouver
Chicago
MLA
AGLC
For further information please refer to a style manual or guide, you can:
APA 6th
No author
Style notes
o
When a work has no author, move the title to the author position, before
the date of publication.
In the text citation, use a few words of the title, or the whole title if it is
short, in place of an author's name.
Capitalisation: Capitalise only the first word of the title and of the subtitle, if
any, and any proper nouns.
Details about edition, volume number or chapter page range are placed in
parentheses directly after the title, with the period after the parentheses, e.g., (2nd ed.).
or (Rev.ed.). or (Vol.26).
In the in-text citation, if pages are being directly referenced, include the
page number/s after the year.
One author
Style notes
Book titles are italicised.
o
o
Capitalisation - Capitalise only the first word of the title and of the subtitle,
if any, and any proper nouns.
Details about edition, volume number or chapter page range are placed in
parentheses directly after the title, with the period after the parentheses, e.g., (2nd ed.).
or (Rev. ed.). or (Vol. xvi).
In the in-text citation, if pages are being directly referenced, include the
page number/s after the year.
Two authors
Style notes
Book titles are italicised.
o
o
Capitalisation - capitalise only the first word of the title and of the subtitle, if
any, and any proper nouns.
If pages are being directly referenced in the text, include the page
number/s in the in-text citation after the year.
Details about edition, volume number or chapter page range are placed in
parentheses directly after the title, with the period after the parentheses, e.g., (2nd ed.).
or ( Rev. ed.). or (Vol. 26).
Three or more authors
Style notes
o
Cite all authors (surnames and initials) the first time the reference
appears, then for subsequent references, use et al. (not italicised).
For in-text citation, include the names of three to five authors the first time
the citation appears. Subsequently include only the name of the first author followed
by et al. (not italicised) and (in parentheses) the year. Within one paragraph, you can
omit the year for non-parenthetical subsequent citations.
In-text, for six or more authors, cite only the surname of the first author
followed by et al.and, in parentheses, the year.
o
o
If pages are being directly referenced in the text, include the page
number/s in the in-text citation after the year.
Details about edition, volume number or chapter page range are placed in
parentheses directly after the title, with the period after the parentheses, e.g., (2nd ed.).
or (Rev. ed.). or (Vol. 26).
Secondary source in a book
Style notes
o
Use secondary sparingly, e.g., when the original text is not accessible.
In the reference list, record only the secondary source. Details about
edition, volume number or chapter page range are placed in parentheses directly after
the title, with the period after the parentheses, e.g., (2nd ed.). or (Rev. ed.). or (Vol.26).
In the text, name the original work, and give a citation in parentheses for
your secondary source. That is, if you did not read the work cited, list the reference for
the work you did access in the Reference List, but in the text, after identifying the
original work, put in parentheses the phrase as cited in followed by the authors' names
for your source and the publication year of their work.
o
o
Edited book
Editor, A. A., & Editor, B. B. (Eds.). (Year of publication). Title of book (Edition). Place of
publication: Publisher.
Style notes
o
For major reference works with a large number of editors, use the name of
the lead editor followed by et al. and, in parentheses, the year.
If pages are being directly referenced in the text, include the page
number/s in the in-text citation after the year.
Details about edition, volume number or chapter page range are placed
directly after the title in parentheses, with the period after the parentheses, e.g., (2nd
ed.). or (Rev. ed.(. or (Vol.26).
Book chapter
Style notes
Provide both the title of the chapter (not italicised) and the title of the book
o
(italicised).
o
Give inclusive page numbers for the chapter in the Reference List.
Details about edition, volume number or chapter page range are placed in
parentheses, e.g., ( 2nd ed.). or (Rev. ed.). or (Vol. 16).
If there is no chapter author, use the editor's name as author and do not
repeat as editor.
If pages are being directly referenced in the text, include the page
number/s in the in-text citation after the year.
Do not invert the editor's name. (e.g. P. Maxwell, not Maxwell, P.)
Group as author
Style notes
o
o
o
If pages are being directly referenced in the text, include the page
number/s in the in-text citation after the year.
When author and publisher are identical, use the word Author as the
publisher.
Musical score
Musical scores are not discussed in the manual used in the compilation of the APA 6th
examples for this module. Our librarians suggest the following, however we advise that
you check with your subject guideline or tutor for recommended format.
"It's Alright With Me" (Porter, 1953) was also used in High
Society.
OR
Porter (1953) wrote "It's Alright With Me" for the musical CanCan.
Style notes
o
Often correct details for referencing items can be found on the Library
catalogue record.
Thesis
Style notes
o
Italicise the title of the thesis, unless citing only the abstract.
When citing a thesis from outside the Unites States, include the city and
country of the institution, e.g., (Doctoral thesis, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg,
Germany).
Capitalisation: Capitalise only the first word of the title and of the subtitle, if
any, and any proper nouns.
If pages are being directly referenced in the text, include the page
number/s in the in text citation after the year.