Form 3 Chapter 1 Questions

1.

Diagram 1 shows part of the human respiratory system.

P: .
S
Q: .
S

R: .
Diagram 1

(a) Label P, Q and R on Diagram 1 with the following words.

Lung

Diaphragm

Trachea

(b) The sequence shows the flow of inhaled air in the respiratory system.
Trachea

bronchiole

alveolus

Label Z on Diagram 1.
(c) The movement of S causes the thoracic cavity to expand during inhalation. How does S
move during inhalation?

2.

Diagram 2 shows the gaseous exchange in an alveolus.

DIagram 2

(a)

Identify the gases labelled P and Q.

Gas P: .. Gas Q: ..

(b)

Name the process involved in the gaseous exchange in the alveolus.

.

(c)

What causes gas P to diffuse into the bloodstream?

.
.

(d)

What happens to gas P as it enters the blood capillary?

.

(e)

State one difference between blood X and blood Y.

.
.

(f) State two properties of alveolus that you can observe from the diagram above which
are important to improve the efficiency of gases exchange at alveolus.

(g) Write an equation to represent how blood releases oxygen in diagram 2.

..
(h) State a harmful substance that can destroy the function of blood.
..
(i) A process takes place in cells around the capillary to produce energy. Write an equation
of the process
..

3. Diagram 3 shows a model of the respiratory system.

Stopper
Glass tube

Diagram 3

Balloon

Rubber sheet

(a) What do the balloon and rubber sheet represent?

(i)

Balloon:

(ii)

Rubber sheet: .
(b) (i) What happens when the rubber sheet is pulled downwards?

(ii) Explain your answer in (b).


(c) Name the process that is shown by activity (b)(i).

4. Diagram 4 shows an activity to show the effect of cigarette smoke on the lungs.

Diagram 4

What are the changes to the following at the end of the activity?
(i)

The temperature: .
(ii) The white cotton wool: .

(iii)

The hydrogen carbonate indicator:

(b) State one possible observation at the end of the experiment.

(c) Name one effect of smoking which cannot be observed in this investigation.

(d) Which of the substances in the cigarette smoke that can cause lung cancer?


(e) What is the function of the filter pump?

(f) Ali is a smoker. He feels his throat is very dry after smoking. Which of the indicators in
the investigation can explain the situation that Ali experiences?

5.

Diagram 5 shows a process that takes place in the human respiratory system.

Diagram 5

Name the process shown in Diagram 5.

Describe the movement of the following parts during this process.

(i)

Ribs: .

(ii)

Diaphragm: .
Explain briefly how air is forced into the lungs.

Complete the sequence to show the flow of air into the lungs during this process.

Nasal cavity

Bronchus

Alveolus

6.

Breathing mechanism involves inhalation and exhalation

(a) Does the content of inhaled air is similar with the content of exhaled air? Explain your
answer.

(b) The following information is about the content of air R and S

Type of gas

Air R

Air S

Oxygen

16%

21%

Carbon dioxide

4%

0.03%

(i) Based on the table above, which air represents exhaled air?

(ii) Give reasons for your answer in (b)(i)

..
..
(c) How are you going to prove that exhaled air contains carbon dioxide?

(d) It is estimated the number of alveoli in our lungs are very high that if all the alveoli in a
normal adult human being arranged closely together, they would fill a tennis court.
Explain the advantages of this situation to respiratory system.

7. Diagram shows a situation at a bus stop

(a) Identify the passive smokers at the bus stop.

(b) If you are also at the bus stop, what is your feeling?

(c) Explain your answer in (b) and state your action.

(d) In your opinion, does smoking at the bus stop and other public places is good?

8.

Adaptations of the Alveoli for Efficient Gas Exchange

Adaptati
ons

9. List the harmful substances to the human respiratory system and its effects in the
flow map below.