Constructivism

a style or movement in which assorted mechanical objects are combined into

abstract mobile structural forms. The movement originated in Russia in the
1920s and has influenced many aspects of modern architecture and design.

a view which admits as valid only constructive proofs and entities

demonstrable by them, implying that the latter have no independent
existence.

Design for a Constructivist stage setting for a Tragedy,

Alexandra Exter, early 20th century. Museum no. E.791-1963

Surrealism
-

a 20th-century avant-garde movement in art and literature that sought to

release the creative potential of the unconscious mind, for example by the
irrational juxtaposition of images.

Its aim was to "resolve the previously contradictory conditions of dream and
reality".

La persistencia de la memoria by Salvador Dali

Expressionism
-

a style of painting, music, or drama in which the artist or writer seeks to

express emotional experience rather than impressions of the external world.

was a modernist movement, initially in poetry and painting, originating in

Germany at the beginning of the 20th century. Its typical trait is to present the
world solely from a subjective perspective, distorting it radically for emotional
effect in order to evoke moods or ideas.

The Scream by Edvard Munch

Symbolism
-

an artistic and poetic movement or style using symbolic images and indirect
suggestion to express mystical ideas, emotions, and states of mind .

The Knight at the Crossroads by Victor Vasnetsov

Romanticism
-

It was an artistic, literary, musical and intellectual movement that originated in

Europe toward the end of the 18th century and in most areas was at its peak
in the approximate period from 1800 to 1850.

Romanticism was characterized by its emphasis on emotion and individualism

as well as glorification of all the past and nature, preferring the medieval
rather than the classical.

Philipp Otto Runge, The Morning, 1808

Realism

Realism in the arts is the attempt to represent subject matter truthfully,

without artificiality and avoiding artistic conventions, implausible, exotic and
supernatural elements.

Realist works of art may emphasize the mundane, ugly or sordid, such as
works of social realism, regionalism, or kitchen sink realism.

Bonjour, Monsieur Courbet, 1854. A

Realist painting by Gustave Courbet

Naturalism
-

a style and theory of representation based on the accurate depiction of detail.

Naturalism in art refers to the depiction of realistic objects in a natural setting.

Jean-Franois Millet - Gleaners