NAME : _________________________________________

_______________
GRADE 8 REVIEWER
DRAWING 2

GRADE 8 / SECTION:
TECHNICAL

Sheet Metal Construction

This is the most common application for developments and intersections:
Seams
used to strengthen sheet metal sections. They are usually joined by
soldering and / or riveting process.
Hem
Used to strengthen the lips of sheet metal objects. It is made in standard
sizes, 4.0mm, 6.0mm, 10mm, etc.
Wired edge
It gives extra strength and rigidity to sheet metal edges.
Elliptical
Circular shapes appear in this fashion when viewed at an angle other than
90 degrees:
Auxiliary drawing
A type of drawing used to represent the exact size and shape of an object
having inclined surfaces.
Auxiliary Section
In this type of view, the cutting plane line indicates both the location of the
cutting plane and the direction of sight:
Auxiliary view
is used on technical drawings to project features on an inclined plane away
from one of the primary views in such a way that features such as holes
appear correctly.
Left and Right Auxiliary Elevations
views are projected perpendicularly from the front view.
Secondary auxiliary view

is a projection off of the Primary auxiliary view.

Inclined surface
It is a part of a drawing that needs extra view.
Ruled Surface
This type of surface may be a plane, a single curved surface, or a warped
surface:
Primary
This type of auxiliary view is projected onto a plane that is perpendicular to
one of the principal planes of projection
Partial
this type of auxiliary view, a break line is used to indicate the imaginary
break in the views
Measurements
Are always made at right angles to the reference lines or parallel to the
projection lines.
A double-curved surface
is generated by a curved line and has straight-line elements.
Cylindric section
It is intersection of a plane and a circular cylinder.
Reference lines
are always at right angles to the projection lines between the views.
Primary auxiliary view
is need to be parallel to the associated inclined plane.
Principal plane
appears as a line in an adjacent view.
Secondary Auxiliary view
is a projection from the first auxiliary view.
Warped surfaces

cannot be unrolled or unfolded to lie flat.

Revolution
is a method of determining the true length and true size of inclined and
oblique lines and planes.
Generally, hidden lines should be omitted in auxiliary views.
If an auxiliary view is symmetrical, and to save space or time, a half auxiliary view
may be drawn.
An auxiliary view is an orthographic view that is not a standard projection.
Any inclined surface can be shown in true shape when the appropriate auxiliary
view is used.
Left and right auxiliary elevations are projected from the front view.
When using the descriptive geometry method to create an auxiliary view the drafter
should rotate the snap grid to the same angle of the inclined plane.
From primary auxiliary views, a secondary auxiliary view can be drawn.
The principle reason for using an auxiliary view is to create a true projection
Pyramid

Countersunk lap seam

Cylinder

Prism

Groove seam

Wired edge

Cone

Cube

Lap Seam

Double hem

plane from an inclined plane in one of the primary views.

The offset distance for the width (front to back) distance of the auxiliary view is the
same distance of the width in the top view.
The lines used to create the auxiliary view should appear as object lines in the
finished view.
Auxiliary views allow principal faces of features that are perpendicular to the
standard planes of projection to appear true shape and size.
A primary view is always parallel to one of the principal views.
The center line of a hidden cylinder feature appearing in the front view should
line up with the center mark in the corresponding circle which appears in the auxiliary
view.
An intersection drawing is a flat representation or pattern that, when folded together,
creates a 2D object.
The principle views associated with orthographic projection are

1. Top view
2. Right side view
3. Front view
A partial auxiliary view is used to show only the projected inclined plane in the
auxiliary view.
A partial auxiliary view usually shows only features on the plane of the inclined line
and not any projection of other planes.
Left and right auxiliary views are projected perpendicularly from the front view.

The front and rear auxiliary views are projected from the side view.
Left and right auxiliary elevations are projected from the top view.
Pattern is a full size drawing of the various surfaces of an object stretched out on a
flat surface.
Pattern development is important to many occupations and hobbies that require
folding or rolling of sheet materials.