methods of irrigation

1.Well water irrigation

Wells are mainly found in U. P., Bihar, Tamil Nadu,
etc. there are various types of wells shallow wells,
deep wells, tube wells, artesian wells, etc. From the
shallow wells water is not always available as the
level of water goes down during the dry months. Deep
wells are more suitable for the purpose of irrigation
as water from them is available throughout the
year.Tube-wells are also used for irrigation purposes.
At places where ground water is available, a tubewell can be installed near the agricultural area. A
deep tube well worked by electricity, can irrigate a
much larger area (about 400 hectares) than a surface
well (1/2 hectares). Tube wells are mostly used in
U.P., Haryana, Punjab, Bihar and Gujarat. In
Rajasthan and Maharashtra, artesian wells are now
supplying water to agricultural lands. In artesian
wells, water level remains at a high-level because of
the natural flow of water due to high pressure.

2.Sprinkler irrigation system

Irrigation sprinklers are sprinklers
providing irrigation to vegetation, or for
recreation, as a cooling system, or for the
control of airborne dust. The sprinkler
system irrigates the field and thus it is
widely used in sandy areas as it checks the
wastage of water through seepage and
evaporation. Sprinkler irrigation is a method
of applying irrigation water which is similar
to natural rainfall. Water is distributed
through a system of pipes usually by
pumping. It is then sprayed into the air
through sprinklers so that it breaks up into
small water drops which fall to the ground.
The pump supply system, sprinklers and

operating conditions must be designed to

enable a uniform application of water.

3.Basin irrigation
Basin irrigation is common practice of
surface irrigation. This method is employed
for watering orchards (Basak, 1999). It is
useful especially in regions with layouts of
small fields (Shah et al. 2002). If a field is
level in all directions, is encompassed by a
dyke to prevent runoff, and provides an
undirected flow of water onto the field, it is
herein called a basin. A basin is typically
square in shape but exists in all sorts of
irregular and rectangular configurations. It
may be furrowed or ridged, have raised beds
for the benefit of certain crops, but as long
as the inflow is undirected and uncontrolled
into these field modifications, it remains a
basin.

4.Canal irrigation

Canal irrigation is the most

important form of irrigation in
India. It is cheaper. It is of
greatest advantage in the river
valley regions. In canal irrigation,
U.P. stands first in India, followed
by Punjab and Haryana. Canal
irrigation is of much use in the
deltas of rivers, the Godavari, the
Krishna, the Kaveri and the
Mahanadi and the Ganga, and in
the coastal plains of Kerala.