VACCINATIONS &

IMMUNIZATIONS

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* Some information in this presentation comes from outside sources

-INTRODUCTIONo

Presented By: Sana Khan

Mentor: Kaleem Kazmi MD

UTMB (University of Texas Medical Branch)

Professor of Pediatrics

Project Topic: Vaccinations & Immunizations

Independent Study Mentorship- Fall Semester, 2016

Teacher: Mrs. Kristi Click

-ABOUT MY MENTORMentors Background

Dr.Kazmi was trained at

University of Texas Medical
Branch, he also has a masters
degree in Public Health and
Tropical Medicine from
Tulane University in New
Orleans.
Mentor: Dr.Kaleem Kazmi MD
Student: Sana Khan

MENTORSHIP SITE
UTMB Health Primary and
Specialty Care Clinic was
established in 1995 as a
primary pediatric clinic
since then it has grown into
a multispecialty clinic. The
new site was built in 2014

Types of Services
https://www.google.com/maps/uv?hl=en&pb=!1s0x86408f4f68e007a9:0x1a313b5734a33637!2m16!2m2!1
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oogle.com/lh/sredir?uname%3D105193233724436719324%26id%3D6068262980727140386%26target%3DP
HOTO!5salvin+pediatrics+utmb+health+clinic+-+Google+Search&imagekey=!1e3!2sHrI7iZF3zKU/VDbNB6nk8CI/AAAAAAAAAEA/uUcQ7MGzYqQAuRhPnDnNzAkmvfdB3gv1ACJkC&sa=X&ve
d=0ahUKEwiQ9K7Ak8zQAhXi24MKHfjhCbUQoioIaTAK

Pediatrics
Family Medicine
Cardiology
Orthopedics

WHAT IS ISM?
ISM

is an abbreviation for Independent Study

Mentorship

In ISM, we have to shadow our mentors and

observe their daily lives at the workplace.

ISM

will also help develop our social skills and

provide a valuable practical experience.

IMPORTANT THINGS
REQUIRED IN ISM?

At the end of the semester we have to present a final presentation,

which has to last for 15-25 minutes and has to be 30 slides and you
are required to make a tangible product that has to relate to your
project topic.

We have to submit ISM journals online on itsLearning and for each

week there will be different prompts you have to write a short
paragraph journal about and they are due every Monday by 2:30
p.m..

We also have to turn in activity logs every Monday when we walk

into class, you have to log what you did at the mentorship and how
many hours you shadowed them and you have to log your activity
hours too.

KEY POINTS TO BE
COVERED

Importance of Immunizations

History of Immunizations

Recommended Immunization Schedule

Current Immunization Statistics

Do Vaccines cause autism?

Important reasons to get your children vaccinated

Reasons for vaccine refusal and its consequences

IMPORTANCE OF IMMUNIZATIONS
Immunizations are one of the most cost-effective intervention of public health to date
Immunizations and vaccines have saved millions of people and has protected
countless children from disabilities and sickness
Measles was a major problem and after the immunization came out this child killer
declined by 79% worldwide
38 of 59 countries have eliminated maternal and neonatal tetanus.
Vaccination has led to a drastic decline of multiple infectious diseases in the U.S.. some
of the diseases are not common in the United States and is brought by international
travelers, children can easily catch one of the diseases from a traveler or when they
travel themselves
Outbreaks of preventable diseases only occur when many parents decide they dont
want to vaccinate their children.
If children dont get vaccinated they can spread diseases to children who are too
young to be vaccinated or to people that dont have strong immune systems so they
cant fight it off.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------"Importance of Vaccines." Vaccine Basics - Importance of Vaccines. N.p., 9 Nov. 2016. Web. 27 Nov. 2016.
<http://www.vaccineinformation.org/vaccines-save-lives/>.

HISTORY OF IMMUNIZATIONS
Edward Jenner is considered the founder of vaccinology in the West in 1796 after he helped a 13
year old-boy who had the vaccinia virus (cowpox)
Buddhist monks drank snake venom to get immunity to snake bite and variolation, this was
practiced in 17th century China.
Over the 18th and 19th centuries, systemic implementation of mass smallpox immunization
culminated and led to its eradication in 1979,
In 1923, Alexander Glenny perfected a method to inactivate tetanus toxin with formaldehyde.
The same method was used to build a vaccine against diphtheria in 1926
Pertussis vaccine took longer to develop because the whole cell vaccine first licensed for in the
U.S. in 1948.

HISTORY OF
IMMUNIZATIONS
Strains of measles, mumps and rubella were developed (MMR), measles is currently the next
possible target of elimination via vaccination.
Louis Pasteur, MD, showed that disease could be prevented by infecting humans with weakened
germs.
In 1885, Dr.Pasteur used a vaccine to successfully prevent rabies in a boy who had been bitten by
a rabid dog.
One of the best known advances was made by Jonas Salk, MD, and Albert Sabin, MD,
developed the inactivated polio vaccine and live polo vaccine , their discoveries have saved
millions of children worldwide from polio, a disease that left children on crutches or wheelchairs.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------A Brief History of Vaccination." A Brief History of Vaccination | Immunization Advisory Centre. N.p., 18 Mar. 2015. Web. 27 Nov.
2016. <http://www.immune.org.nz/brief-history-vaccination>.
"History of Immunizations." HealthyChildren.org. N.p., 21 Nov. 2015. Web. 27 Nov. 2016.
<https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/immunizations/Pages/History-of-Immunizations.aspx>.

Immunization Schedule
*Current

immunization
schedule
recommended by
the CDC (Center
for Disease
Control and
Prevention)

Immunization Schedule. CDC (Center for Disease Control and Prevention), n.d. Web. 9
Oct. 2016. <http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/hcp/imz/childadolescent.html>.

 This is a statistic
chart that shows
how many children
were vaccinated in
between the years
2015-2016, from
Kindergarten and
7th grade.
Immunization Coverage in Texas. Texas Department of State
Health Services, n.d. Web. 9 Oct. 2016.
<https://www.dshs.texas.gov/immunize/coverage/schools.sht
m>.

DO VACCINES CAUSE
AUTISM?
Vaccines nor Immunizations cause Autism
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disability that Is caused by differences in
how the brain functions.
People have had concerns that ASD might be related to vaccines children receive, but
studies have shown that they do not relate, there is no link in receiving vaccines and then
developing ASD.
About 1 in 68 children were identified with ASD, the data was gathered in this way to get a
detailed analysis of the USA.
The total amount of antigen (the substance in vaccine that causes the body to produce
disease fighting antibodies) from vaccines received was the same between children with ASD
and those that did not have ASD.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Https://www.facebook.com/skepticalraptor. "Vaccines and Autism Science Says They Are Unrelated." Skeptical Raptor.
N.p., 22 June 2016. Web. 27 Nov. 2016. <http://www.skepticalraptor.com/skepticalraptorblog.php/yes-autism-rate-risingvaccines-caused-vaccines/>.

IMPORTANT REASONS TO GET YOUR

CHILD VACCINATED
Immunizations can save your childs life, immunizations have come a long way they have
eliminated polio in the United States and a lot of diseases are coming close to extinction.
Vaccination is very safe and effective, they are only given to children after scientists have studied
it and declared that they are safe. The little pain that getting a shot causes is way minimal then
actually having the pain of the disease that you couldve prevented by getting vaccinated.
Immunizations protect you and others you care about, children in the U.S. still can get vaccinepreventable diseases. In fact resurgences of whooping cough (pertussis) have emerged in the
past few years, between 10,000-50,000 cases of whooping cough each year. To help keep them
safe , its important to get your children immunized.
Immunization will protect future generations, If we get rid of the disease right now future
generations dont have to worry about having the disease passed down to them.
Getting immunized will save your family time and money, A child with a vaccine-preventable
disease can be denied from attending school, and some diseases which are vaccinepreventable can result in prolonged disability.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------"Vaccines.gov." U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, n.d. Web. 27
Nov. 2016. <https://www.vaccines.gov/more_info/features/five-important-reasons-to-vaccinate-your-child.html>.

REASONS FOR VACCINE REFUSAL

AND ITS CONSEQUENCES
Religious related refusals are common, they usually get a religious exemption which gives
them the declaration that they dont have to get immunized to go to school or work and
those people are the ones that truly believe that vaccines do cause problems.
Another reason parents refuse immunizations or vaccines for their child is because they are
concerned with their childs discomfort.
Some parents think it is a waste of time and is not necessary to their childs health.
Also the refusal rate for parents have gone up because since the vaccine-preventable
diseases are rare they think its okay to not get their child immunized.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------"More Parents Are Refusing Vaccinations, But Their Reasons Are Changing." Agata Blaszczak-Boxe, 29 Aug. 2016. Web. 27
Nov. 2016. <http://www.livescience.com/55913-reasons-parents-refuse-vaccinations-are-changing.html>.

VITAL SIGNS
VIDEO
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1&q=weight+machine&oq=wieght+ma&gs_l=img.3.0
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afe=strict&hl=en&tbm=isch&q=weight+machi
ne+cartoon&imgrc=YGfYI366D_3IAM%3A

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strict&hl=en&site=imghp&tbm=isch&so
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UqWskM%3A

ARTIFACTS

ARTIFACTS

ARTIFACTS

ARTIFACTS

ARTIFACTS

ACTION SHOTS

WEEBLY PORTFOLIO

www.sanakhanism.weebly.com

WEEBLY PORTFOLIO

QUESTIONS?

CONCLUSION
I have learned so much from this mentorship, my mentor and nurses did a good job
of showing me around and telling me everything there is to know about the clinic
and the work they do there. I will definitely pursue this job in the future because it is
worth it. I love helping kids and what I saw at the clinic just made it certain that I
want to do this as my future job. All the things I saw and observed will help me out in
the future and this experience has made me stronger when it comes to
communication with patients and staff. I also built a strong relationship with my
mentor and the nurses I observed. I would like to thank everyone that helped me
through the course of my mentorship!

THANK YOU TO

Dr. Kaleem Kazmi

Mrs.

Kim Hart

Mrs.

Jessica Daffern

Mrs.

Kristi Click

Naheed

Parveen

-CITES/REFERENCEShttp://www.vaccines.gov/getting/expect/for_child
ren/index.html#
http://data.unicef.org/topic/childhealth/immunization/
http://www.know-vaccines.org/?page_id=28
http://www.cdc.gov/vaccinesafety/concerns/autis
m.html
https://www.vaccines.gov/more_info/features/five
-important-reasons-to-vaccinate-your-child.html
http://www.easybib.com/
http://www.cdc.gov/std/hpv/stdfact-hpv.htm
https://www.dshs.texas.gov/immunize/coverage/s
chools.shtm
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis/releases.htm

https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http%3A
%2F%2Fwww.activistpost.com%2Fwpcontent%2Fuploads%2F2015%2F09%2Fistock_00001
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.activistpost.com%2F2015%2F09%2Fthe-bestvaccine-informationvideo.html&docid=FmyK9TQaM8GaQM&tbnid=m
CydtAhCz_nDIM%3A&w=2721&h=1806&hl=en&bih
=510&biw=1093&ved=0ahUKEwiQmOTHiM_PAhUC
oD4KHUhOAX8QMwh_KCswKw&iact=mrc&uact=8
https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http%3A
%2F%2Fthewe.cc%2Fthewe_%2F_%2F__%2F__%2Fc
ollective-evolution%2Fstudy-links-infant-vaccinesto-increased-deathrates.jpg&imgrefurl=http%3A%2F%2Fthewe.cc%2F
weplanet%2Fnews%2Fchildren%2Fvaccine_pollutio
n.htm&docid=NokmO3EtwAmglM&tbnid=EvAi569r
Aj6cQM%3A&w=424&h=304&hl=en&bih=510&biw=
1093&ved=0ahUKEwjfntKNic_PAhWBciYKHTtrDM8Q
MwhMKAQwBA&iact=mrc&uact=8
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc
=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0
ahUKEwik7v_Cic_PAhXGYyYKHTUPBdUQjB0IBg&url=
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-CITES/REFERENCES4 sources:

UNICEF. Vaccination/Immunizations. Despite major progress, the full potential of immunization

continues to elude many of the worlds children. UNICEF.org, 16 Aug. 2016.
Web. 2 Oct. 2016. (Immunizations is one of the most cost-effective public
health interventions to date, Unicef.org, August 16, 2016)
http://data.unicef.org/topic/child-health/immunization/
"Vaccines Do Not Cause Autism." There Is No Link between Vaccines and Autism. Ed. CDC.
Centers of
Disease Control & Prevention, 27 Oct. 2015. Web. 2 Oct.
2016.<http://www.cdc.gov/vaccinesafety/concerns/autism.html >. (Some people have had
concerns that
ASD might be linked to the vaccines children receive, but studies have shown that there is no link between
receiving vaccines and developing ASD, Cdc.org,October 27, 2015)
http://www.cdc.gov/vaccinesafety/concerns/autism.html

"Five Important Reasons to Vaccinate Your Child." Five Important Reasons to Vaccinate Your Child. U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services, n.d. Web. 2 Oct. 2016.(Immunizations protect future
generations www.vaccines.com,)
<https://www.vaccines.gov/more_info/features/five-important-reasonsto-vaccinate-your-child.html>. https://www.vaccines.gov/more_info/features/five-important-reasons-tovaccinate-your-child.html
"K.N.O.W. Vaccines." Weblog post. Religious Exemption. Vaccine Awareness of North Florida,
n.d. Web. 2
Oct. 2016. (A religious exemption for vaccination is a written form certifying that the parents objection to
immunization for religious reasons exempts the parent and child from state vaccination requirements,
Know-vaccines.org)<http://www.know-vaccines.org/?page_id=28>http://www.know-vaccines.org/?page_id=28

-CITES/REFERENCEShttps://www.google.com/search?safe=strict&hl=en&site=imghp&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1093&bih=471&q=weight+ma
chine&oq=wieght+ma&gs_l=img.3.0.0i10i24k1l4.4263.8547.0.10091.13.11.2.0.0.0.430.1994.0j8j2j0j1.11.0....0...1ac.1.64.img..0.13
.2033...0j0i10k1.F1bF8m6No0k#safe=strict&hl=en&tbm=isch&q=weight+machine+cartoon&imgrc=YGfYI366D_3IAM%3A
https://www.google.com/search?safe=strict&hl=en&site=imghp&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1093&bih=471&q=weight+ma
chine&oq=wieght+ma&gs_l=img.3.0.0i10i24k1l4.4263.8547.0.10091.13.11.2.0.0.0.430.1994.0j8j2j0j1.11.0....0...1ac.1.64.img..0.13
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https://www.google.com/search?safe=strict&hl=en&site=imghp&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1093&bih=471&q=weight+ma
chine&oq=wieght+ma&gs_l=img.3.0.0i10i24k1l4.4263.8547.0.10091.13.11.2.0.0.0.430.1994.0j8j2j0j1.11.0....0...1ac.1.64.img..0.13
.2033...0j0i10k1.F1bF8m6No0k#safe=strict&hl=en&tbm=isch&q=height+scale+cartoon&imgrc=euDMYEm0UqWskM%3A
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwiOzIWZ28_QAh
WD6YMKHfx3DrIQjRwIBw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdmatxi.com%2F19%2Fbenefits-of-simultaneous-immunization-ininfants.html&bvm=bv.139782543,d.amc&psig=AFQjCNF1hS2VzY5IisHxagmZIxzagTOyXA&ust=1480568908732865
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjcsZPx28_QAh
Vs1oMKHZKWALMQjRwIBw&url=https%3A%2F%2Fauthenticenlightenment.com%2Fcategory%2Fvaccines%2F&bvm=bv.1397
82543,d.amc&psig=AFQjCNGCRhkDL6f-v963wH-FxhwI3oinQw&ust=1480569088117266