Basic IP-10GE Course Book

IP-10 Basic
Updated for SW Version 6.8
Visit our Customer Training Portal at training.ceragon.com

or contact us at training@ceragon.com
Trainee Name:
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Basic IP-10 G/E Training
TableofContent
1. CeragonNetworkThePremierWirelessBackhaulSpecialist...1
2. IP10G/EIntroduction..7
3. IntroductiontoRadio.19
4. IP10FrontPanelDescription..35
5. Installation.45
6. RFUandAntennasInstallation61
7. GreenMode.79
8. ManagementSettings.......85
9. EMSGeneralConfiguration..91
10. IP10Licensing.111
11. EMSSwitchConfiguration..127
12. CommissioningtheRadioLink.133
13. ConfiguringInterfaces151
14. XC/SNCP/NodalSolution.167
15. MeanSquareError(MSE).183
16. AdaptiveCode&Modulation(ACM)195
17. 1+1HSBProtection..207
18. CrossPolarizationInterferenceCancellation(XPIC).227
19. 2+2HSBProtection..243
20. EMSPerformanceMonitoring.250
21. Loopbacks..276
22. ConfigurationFiles..285
23. SoftwareUpgrade299
Ceragon Training Program
v6.8
Ceragon Networks
The Premier Wireless Backhaul Specialist
Company Presentation
January 2012
Safe Harbor
Statements contained in this presentation that are not historical facts, including statements regarding
the consummation of the transaction, and the timing thereof, the expected benefits of the transaction,
the future market for the companies
companies' products,
products future financial and operating results,
results plans,
plans objectives,
objectives
expectations and intentions, including plans with respect to future products and the continued support
of Nera customers after the closing of the transaction, are forward-looking statements as that term is
defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements are
inherently subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from
these forward-looking statements. Many of these risks and uncertainties cannot be predicted with
accuracy and some might not even be anticipated. Some of the factors that could significantly impact
the forward-looking statements in this press release include the risk that the businesses will not be
integrated successfully; the risk that any synergies from the transaction may not be fully realized or
may take longer to realize than expected; disruption from the transaction making it more difficult to
maintain relationships with customers, employees or suppliers, the risk that Nera business may not
perform
f
as expected,
t d and
d other
th risks,
i k some off which
hi h are discussed
di
d in
i Ceragons
C
annuall reports
t on
Form 20-F filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission under the caption Risk Factors. Any
forward-looking statement is qualified by reference to these risks factors. These risks and factors are
not exclusive, and Ceragon undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking
statements to reflect events or circumstances that may arise after the date of this release. Ceragons
public filings are available from the Securities and Exchange Commissions website at www.sec.gov
or may be obtained on Ceragons website at www.ceragon.com
Proprietary and Confidential
Page 1
The #1 Wireless Backhaul Specialist
64 years of radio experience

1,200 employees, 50% engineers
38 Offices globally
100,000+ units shipped in 2010
Largest microwave specialist
(Source: EJL,
EJL May 2011)
g and Nera a combination that delivers MORE

Ceragon
Ceragon Networks
Nera Networks
Incorporated: 1996
Revenues 2010: $249 M
NASDAQ: CRNT
Leadership in short-haul
products
Incorporated: 1947
Revenues 2010: $230 M
Wholly owned subsidiary of Eltek
ASA, traded on the Oslo Stock
Exchange under [ELT]
Leadership in long-haul products
Established project management
capabilities
p
Combination creates the Premier Wireless Backhaul Specialist
Page 2
#1 Microwave Backhaul Specialist

Providing Exceptional Value
Industry benchmark for performance and cost efficiency
Turn-Key services
Focused on reliability: High MTBF and rapid delivery processes
Corporate culture of innovation
Future Proof mindset, driving the microwave industry forward
Committed to Ensuring Customers Success

#1 Specialist
Generalist
MORE Scale
Stronger Presence in Every Region
Page 3
Products & Solutions

ShortHaul
Access
LongHaul
Aggregation
Trunk
High Volume
Cost Efficiency & Operational Excellence
Turn-Key, Services
Experience & Project Management Expertise
NetworkManagementSystem
FibeAirIP10Eseries&Gseries
EvolutionIPLongHaul
EthernetorEth+TDM
EthernetorEth+TDM
IP10G/E
IP10Q
IP10G/E
1500R
SDH/SONET
IP10C
AllOutdoor
SplitMount/AllIndoor
MORE Innovation
Apply Design-to-Cost Across Entire Portfolio
1998
2005
Page 4
2008
Why Ceragon
Complete and innovative product portfolio:
All packet microwave radio
Optional risk-free migration from TDM to Ethernet
Integrated networking functions, TDM and Ethernet
Highest possible capacities
Exceptional system gain and spectral efficiency
Company:
Widely deployed largest microwave specialist
Proven turnkey project expertise
Culture of innovation
A range of channel and solution partnerships
Financially sound and rapidly growing
Thank You
Page 5
Thispagewasintentionallyleftblank.
Page 6
IP-10 G / E Introduction
I6.8
FibeAir IP-10
Functional Block Diagram
OA&M
OA&M
Ser ice Mana ement

ServiceManagement
CarrierEthernetSwitch
Gigabit
Ethernet
(Opticalor
Electrical)
Fast
Ethernet
PWE3
Sec rit
Security
TDMCrossConnect
(CESoP/SAToP)
ACM
XPIC
NativePacketRadio
(OptionalNativeTDM)
Multi
Radio
10Mbps1Gbps,3.556MHz
Diversity
E1/
DS1
ChSTM1/
OC3
Terminal
Mux
G-Series only
RFU(642GHz)
Page 7
FibeAir RF Units
FibeAir IP-10 can work with any of the following RF units:
RFU-C
RFU-HP
Standard Power 6-42

6 42 GHz
High Power 6-11

6 11 GHz
Main features
Unique Adaptive Coding & Modulation (ACM)

Enhanced radio efficiency and capacity for Ethernet traffic
Integrated Carrier Ethernet switching functionality
Enhanced QoS for differentiated services
Supported configurations
RFU-HP / SD
1+0
1+1 HSB Fully-redundant!
Nodal solution with ring
2+2 HSB
XPIC
Multi Radio
Space Diversity
Extensive and secure management solution

4
Page 8
Integrated Carrier Ethernet switch

3 modes for Ethernet switching:
Metro Switch Carrier Ethernet switching is enabled

Managed Switch 802.1 L2 switch
Single Pipe Carrier Ethernet switching is disabled
Only a single Ethernet interface is enabled for user traffic
The unit operates as a point-to-point Ethernet MW radio
IP-10
IP-10
Ethernet
User
Interfaces
Ethernet
User
Interface
Radio
interface
Radio
interface
Carrier Ethernet
Switch
Smart pipe mode
Metro/Managed switch mode
Extensive Carrier Ethernet feature-set

eliminates the need for external switches
Radio capacity - ETSI

7MHz
ACM
Point
Modulation
14MHz
# of
E1s
Ethernet
Capacity
(Mbps)
ACM
Point
Modulation
# of
E1s
Ethernet
Capacity
(Mbps)
20 - 29
QPSK
9.5 13.5
QPSK
8 PSK
14 20
8 PSK
12
29 41
16 QAM
19 28
16 QAM
18
42 60
32 QAM
10
24 34
32 QAM
20
49 70
64 QAM
12
28 40
64 QAM
24
57 82
128 QAM
13
33 47
128 QAM
29
69 98
256 QAM
16
38 55
256 QAM
34
81 115
256 QAM
17
40 57
256 QAM
37
87 125
28MHz
56MHz
40MHz
Ethernet
Capacity
(Mbps)
ACM
Point
Modulation
# of
E1s
Ethernet
Capacity
(Mbps)
ACM
Point
Modulation
# of
E1s
Ethernet
Capacity
(Mbps)
QPSK
32
76 - 109
8 PSK
48
114 - 163
122 174
16 QAM
64
151 - 217
65
153 - 218
32 QAM
84
202 - 288
81
191 274
64 QAM
84
251 - 358
128 QAM
84
214 305
128 QAM
84
301 - 430
256 QAM
84
243 347
256 QAM
84
343 490
256 QAM
84
259 370
256 QAM
84
372 - 532
ACM
Point
Modulation
# of
E1s
QPSK
17
40 58
QPSK
23
56 - 80
8 PSK
23
54 78
8 PSK
35
83 - 119
16 QAM
33
78 111
16 QAM
51
32 QAM
44
105 151
32 QAM
64 QAM
55
131 188
64 QAM
128 QAM
68
160 229
256 QAM
76
178 255
256 QAM
80
188 268
6
Page 9
Wireless Carrier Ethernet Ring

Example configuration (1+0 ring)
N x GE/FE
N x GE/FE
N x GE/FE
Wireless
Carrier Ethernet
Ring
(up to 500Mbps)
Integrated Ethernet
Switching
7
N x GE/FE
Native2 Microwave Radio Technology

At the heart of the IP-10 solution is Ceragon's market-leading Native2
microwave technology.
With this technology, the microwave carrier supports native IP/Ethernet
traffic together with optional native PDH
PDH.
Neither traffic type is mapped over the other, while both dynamically share
the same overall bandwidth.
This unique approach allows you to plan and build optimal all-IP or hybrid
TDM-IP backhaul networks which make it ideal for any RAN (Radio Access
Network)
Native
Native
In addition, Native2 ensures:

Very low link latency of <0.15 msecs @ 400 Mbps.
Very low overhead mapping for both ETH & TDM traffic
High precision native TDM synchronization distribution
8
Page 10
NG-SDH/SONET complementary solution

Carrier Ethernet at the access, NG-SDH/SONET at the aggregation
Carrier Ethernet (MW links)
SDH/SONET (Hybrid Fiber/MW)
Native Ethernet
Ethernet over SDH/SONET
Hub
Site
GE
FE/GE
RNC
GE
Tail site
FibeAir
IP-10
FibeAir
IP-10
NG-SDH
MSPP
NG-SDH
MSPP
Core
Site
Ethernet services are

transported natively
over Carrier Ethernet
based MW radio links.
NG-SDH/SONET MSPP
node acts as gateway
between the Carrier
Ethernet and NGSDH/SONET based
networks.
Ethernet services
are mapped over
SDH/SONET
SDH/SONET MW
links are used where
fiber connections not
available
9
IP/MPLS complementary solution

Carrier Ethernet at the access, IP/MPLS at the aggregation
Carrier Ethernet (MW links)
IP/MPLS (Hybrid Fiber/MW)
Native Ethernet
Ethernet PWs or IP routing
Hub
Site
GE
FE/GE
RNC
GE
Tail site
FibeAir
IP-10
FibeAir
IP-10
MPLS
Router
MPLS
Router
Core
Site
Ethernet services are

transported natively
over Carrier Ethernet
based MW radio links.
IP/MPLS edge router acts

as gateway between the
Carrier Ethernet and
IP/MPLS based networks.
Both Ethernet and

E1/T1 services are
mapped over MPLS
using pseudo-wires
or routed using IP
10
Page 11
High-capacity IP/MPLSaware" Ethernet MW

radio is used where fiber
connections not available
integrated QoS support - overview

4 CoS/priority queues per switch port
Advanced CoS/priority classification based
on L2/L3 header fields:
Priority Queues
Source Port
VLAN 802.1p
802 1
VLAN ID
IPv4 DSCP/TOS, IPv6 TC
Highest priority to BPDUs
W1 - Highest
Hi h t priority
i it
Classify
Arrivals
Advanced ingress traffic rate-limiting
W3
per CoS/priority
Flexible scheduling scheme per port
Strict priority (SP)

Weighted Round Robin (WRR)
Hybrid any combination of SP & WRR
Scheduling
departures
W2
W4 lowest priority
Shaping per port

Support differentiated Ethernet services
with SLA assurance
11
IP-10 Enhanced QoS

Ultra-low delay variation
Dedicated channel for ultra Low Delay Variation
(<20sec)
Sync over packet optimized transport

IEEE-1588/NTP
control frames
256
256
128
64
32
16
8
4
Latency Optimized
Radio link
QoS
Classifier
More granular service

classification
Multi-Layer MPLS-aware
QoS Classifier
High granularity traffic management

Improved utilization of TCP
flows
Intelligent congestion
management (WRED)
8 Queues
CIR + EIR support
Per queue statistics
Hierarchical scheduling
4 priorities
WFQ within the same priority
Shaping per queue and per port
Enables differentiated services with strict SLA

and maximizing network resources utilization
12
Page 12
IEEE 802.1ag CFM (Connectivity Fault Management)
A Nodal Solution
Cellulartraffic
(TDM)
STM
Rings
14
Page 13
FibeAir IP-10 Integrated Nodal Solution

Same 1RU IP-10 unit can be used for
terminal and nodal solution
The solution is stackable and modular
Forms a single unified nodal device
Common Ethernet Switch
Common E1/DS1s Cross Connect
Single IP address
Single element to manage
15
FibeAir IP-10
Whats new in 2011?
2011 (R3)
2008 (R1)
IP-10
2009/10 (R2)
IP-10
GSeries
IP-10
GSeries
ESeries
High cap Carrier Ethernet

wireless solution
7-56MHz
QPSK-256QAM , ACM
1+0, 1+1 HSB
I t
Integrated
t d Carrier
C i Ethernet
Eth
t Switch
S it h
Nodal & Migration focus

Up to 6 carriers
XPIC/MR/SD/FD support
TDM XC with SNCP/ABR
84 E1/DS1 support
Enhanced QoS
Ethernet QoS & OAM

Ethernet rings
packet functionality
capacity
p
Enhanced compression
Full SyncE
Full CIR + EIR
Improved Latency (Frame Cut Through)
16 E1s option (Native2)
FibeAir IP-10 2011 focus More value for all-packet solutions

16
Page 14
IP-10G VS. IP-10R1

Feature
Supported radio configurations
XPIC option
Max radio capacity
Multi-radio support
# of Ethernet interfaces
Full Carrier Ethernet switching
feature-set including ring protection
IP-10R1
1+0, 1+1 HSB, 1+1 SD
G-Series
1+0, 1+1 HSB, 1+1 SD, 2+0 with XPIC
2+2 HSB with XPIC
NO
Yes
500Mbps
500Mbps
1Gbps using 2+0/XPIC
NO
Yes
5 x FE RJ-45+
1 x GE RJ-45 + 1 GbE SFP
5 x FE RJ-45+
2 x GE combo (RJ-45/SFP)
Yes
Yes
16 E1, 16 T1, None
16 E1, 16T1, None
# of E1/T1s per radio carrier
16
84
T-Card slot (additional 16 E1/T1 interfaces or

STM1/OC3 Mux)
NO
Yes
Nodal/XC/SNCP support
NO
Yes
SyncU
NO
# of E1/T1 integrated IDU interfaces option
V.11/RS232 User Channel option

Link Aggregation
Single channel
(Asynchronous RS-232 / V.11.)
NO
Yes
2 x Async V.11/RS232 or
1 x Sync V.11
Yes
17
IP-10G VS. IP-10R1

IP-10R1
G-Series
RSTP (RING) with QinQ
Feature
NO
Yes
Dual Power Feed
NO
Yes
Floating IP
NO
Yes
MAC Aging Timer
Yes
Yes
ACM Low Latency Scripts
Yes
Yes
3.5 MHZ scripts
Yes
Yes
Radio Disabling
NO
Yes
QoS
Yes
Enhanced
18
Page 15
FibeAir IP-10 G/E (R3)

Hardware update for IP-10G
Same interfaces and architecture as the current IP-10G (R2) design
Supports enhanced functionality, most notably:
Full
F ll S
SyncE
E supportt iincluding
l di S
SyncE
E regenerator
t ffor smartt pipe
i
applications
Multi-Layer header compression

Payload compression
QoS and latency enhancements
Full compatibility with IP-10G (R2)
Fully compatible with current IP-10G
IP 10G (R2) install base
R3 and R2 can be used in the same node and in the same link
Same software version and configuration file
R3 is supported in SW version i6.7 and above
19
IP-10G/E R2 vs. R3 differences summary

Feature
R2
R3
SyncE input and output
SyncE Support
SyncE output only
SyncE regenerator support for

Smart Pipe mode
MAC header compression
Compression
Traffic rate-limiting
(bandwidth profile)
Latency improvements
MAC header compression
Per port, CoS and traffic type

(Broadcast, Multicast, etc.)
CIR only
* Roadmap
20
Page 16
Multi-Layer header compression*

Payload compression*
All features supported in R2, and:
DrTCM (CIR + EIR) per
VLAN/VLAN+CoS*
(MEF-22 compliant)
Frame cut-through mode for

delay-sensitive traffic*
Outdoor Enclosures Solution Benefits

Full Outdoor solution:
Dust and weather proof

Compact size reduces the cost of leasing or
purchasing rack space.
Ideal for Greenfield areas, at solar-powered sites,
and at repeater sites adjacent to highways.
One-man installation and shorter cabling reduce
installation costs.
Environment-friendly: Greener deployments, saving
on power and air-conditioning costs.
21
Ceragons Management Overview
IP-10
22
Page 17
FibeAir
Tree Topology
23
Thank You
Page 18
Introduction to Radio
Agenda
RF Principals
Parameters Affecting Propagation
Atmospheric Refraction
Multipath
Duct
Rain Fading
Fresnel
RF Li
Link
kB
Basic
i Components
C
Link Calculation
Modulation
Page 19
RF Principals
A Radio Link requires two end stations

A line of sight (LOS) or nLOS (near LOS) is required
Microwave Radio Link frequencies occupy 1-80GHz
Local
3
Remote
Why Radio?
Advantages (compared to alternative cable/fiber infrastructure) :

Easier installation
Faster installation
Cheaper installation
Easier maintenance
Page 20
RF Principals
RF - System of communication employing electromagnetic waves (EMW)

propagated through space
EMW travel at the speed of light (300,000 km/s)
The wave length is determined by the frequency as follows c
velocity of electromagnetic
Wave Length where c is the propagation
f waves in vacuum (3x108 m/s)
Microwave refers to very short waves (millimeters) and typically relates to
frequencies above 1GHz:
300 MHz ~ 1 meter
10 GHz ~ 3 cm
Polarization and Rain

Raindrops have sizes ranging from 0.1 millimeters to 9 millimeters mean
diameter (above that they tend to break up)
Smaller drops are called cloud droplets
droplets, and their shape is spherical
spherical.
As a raindrop increases in
size, its shape becomes more
oblate, with its largest
cross-section facing the
oncoming airflow.
Large
g rain drops
p become
Increasingly flattened on the
Bottom;
very large ones are shaped
like parachutes
Page 21
RF Principals
We can see the relationship between colour, wavelength and amplitude using
this animation
Radio spectrum
Page 22
Dispersion
Humidity/gas
H midit /gas absorption
Multipath/ducting
Atmospheric conditions (refraction)
Terrain (flatness, type, Fresnel zone clearance, diffraction)
Climatic conditions (rain zone, temperature)
Rain attenuation

Dispersion
Electromagnetic signal propagating in a physical medium is degraded
because the various wave components (i.e., frequencies, wavelengths) have
different propagation velocities within the physical medium:
Low frequencies have longer wavelength and refract less

High frequencies have shorter wavelength and refract more
10
Page 23

Atmospheric Refraction
Deflection of the beam towards the ground due to different electrical
characteristics of the atmospheres
atmosphere s is called Dielectric Constant.
The dielectric constant depends on pressure, temperature & humidity in the
atmosphere, parameters that are normally decrease with altitude
Since waves travel faster through thinner medium, the upper part of the wave
will travel faster than the lower part, causing the beam to bend downwards,
following the curve of earth
With Atmosphere
No Atmosphere
11

Multipath
Multipath occurs when there is more then one beam reaching the receiver
with
ith different amplit
amplitude
de or phase
Multipath transmission is the main cause of fading in low frequencies
Direct beam
Delayed beam
12
Page 24

Duct
Atmospheric duct refers to a horizontal layer in the lower atmosphere with vertical refractive
index gradients causing radio signals:
Remain within the duct
Follow the curvature of the Earth
Experience less attenuation in the ducts than they would if the ducts were not present
D tL
Duct
Layer
Duct Layer
Terrain
13

Rain Fading
Refers to scenarios where signal is absorbed by rain, snow, ice
Absorption becomes significant factor above 11GHz
Signal quality degrades
Represented by dB/km parameter which is related the rain density
which represented mm/hr
Rain drops falls as flattened droplet
V better than H (more immune to rain fading)
14
Page 25

Rain Fading
Heavier rain >> Heavier Atten.

Hi h FQ >> Higher
Higher
Hi h Attenuation
Att
ti
15

Fresnel Zone
3rd
2nd
TX
1st
RX
1. EMW propagate in beams

2. Some beams widen therefore, their path is longer
phase shift is introduced between the direct and indirect
3. A p
beam
4. Thus, ring zones around the direct line are created
Duct Layer0
Terrain
16
Page 26

Fresnel Zone
Note that there are many possible Fresnel zones, but we are chiefly concerned
with zone 1.
If this area were blocked by an obstruction, e.g. a tree or a building, the signal
arriving at the far end would be diminished.
When building wireless links, we therefore need to be sure that these zones are
kept free of obstructions.
In wireless networking the area containing about 40-60 percent of the first Fresnel
zone should be kept free.
3rd
2nd
1st
TX
RX
18
RF Link Basic Components

Antennas
Antennas are devices used to radiate electromagnetic energy into space.
OMNI-DIRECTIONAL antennas radiate & receive energy from all directions
at once (seldom used)
DIRECTIONAL antennas radiate energy in LOBES (or BEAMS) that extend
outward from the antenna.
The radiation pattern contains small minor lobes (weak with little effect on
the main radiation pattern)
19
Page 27
RF Link Basic Components

Parabolic Reflector Radiation (antenna)
Microwaves travel in straight lines - it can be focused and reflected just as
light rays.
rays
A feeder receives the microwaves from the WG and then transmits them
towards a parabolic dish (reflecting surface)
The wave-front reaches the reflecting surface of the antenna, and then it
leaves the antenna in parallel paths
Because of the special
p
shape
p of a parabolic
p
surface, all paths from source to the reflector and
back to end user are the same length
20
Link Calculation Basic Example

Link Calculation
+Gant1
+Gant2
+Lfsf
TX
IDU
TX Losses
RX Losses
IDU
RSL ReceivedSignalLevel
TSL TransmittedSignalLevel
Lfs Freespaceloss=92.45+20logx(distanceinkmxfrequencyinGHz)
RSL=TX TXLoss +GainAnt1 LFree Space +GainAnt2 RXLoss

21
Page 28
RSL
Digital Modulation
Modulation
Modulation is used to transfer a message (voice, image, data, etc.) on to a
carrier wave for transmission
transmission.
A low frequency that comprises the message (baseband) is translated to a
higher range of frequencies
Modulation allows higher data rate transmissions
The process of modulation is reversible.
A device that performs modulation is known as a modulator and a device that
performs the inverse operation of modulation is known as a demodulator
22
Digital Modulation
Modulation
Low fq. Signal (up) +

high fq. Carrier (down)
23
Page 29
QPSK Modulation
Quadrature Phase Shift Keying is a phase modulation algorithm

The phase of the carrier wave is modulated to encode bits of digital
information in each phase change
Because QPSK has 4 possible states, QPSK is able to encode two bits per
symbol
QPSK is more tolerant of link degradation than 8PSK, but does not provide as
much data capacity
45degrees
Binary00
135degrees
Binary01
225degrees
Binary11
315degrees
Binary10
24
QAM Modulation
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation employs both phase modulation (PM) and

p
modulation ((AM))
amplitude
The input stream is divided into groups of bits based on the number of
modulation states used.
In 8QAM, each three bits of input, which provides eight values (0-7) alters
the phase and amplitude of the carrier to derive eight unique modulation states
In 64QAM, each six bits generates 64 modulation states; in 128QAM, each
seven bits
bi generate 128 states, and
d so on
25
Page 30
QPSK VS. QAM Modulation
The various flavors of QAM offer higher data rates then 8 PSK
ThevariousflavorsofQAMofferhigherdataratesthen8PSK
ThisisbecauseQAMachievesagreaterdistancebetweenadjacentpointsintheIQ
planebydistributingthepointsmoreevenly
Thepointsontheconstellationaremoredistinctanddataerrorsarereduced
Higherorder>>morebitspersymbol
Constellationpointsarecloser>>TXismoresusceptibletonoise
26
SNR and RSL Constellation

The higher the SNR, the better the received signal !
27
Page 31
8QAM
Diagram for 8QAM: 3bit represent 8 different states
Bitsequence
Amplitude
000
1/2
Phase(degrees)
0(0 )
000
0(0 )
010
1/2
pi/2(90 )
011
pi/2(90 )
100
1/2
pi(180 )
101
pi(180 )
110
1/2
3pi/2(270 )
111
3pi/2(270 )
28
16QAM
Constellation diagram for 16QAM:
4bit represent 16 different states
29
Page 32
128QAM Modulation
Constellation diagram for 128QAM:

7bit represent
p
128 different states
Higher QAM order results in a higher
data rate
This is why we modulate
30
256QAM Modulation
Constellation of 256QAM with noise added
Constellation of 256QAM
31
Page 33
Thank You
Page 34
IP-10 Front Panel Description
Front Panel Overview
(GUI Example)
Lets go over the front panel connections of the IP-10 G-Series

We shall explain them one by one, left to right
2
Page 35
CLI Serial Connection
DB9 Craft Line Interface (CLI)

Baud: 115200
D
Data
bi
bits: 8
Parity: None
Stop bits: 1
Flow Control: None
3
EOW Easy Comm. Via Radio
Engineering Order Wire

To communicate with your colleague on the
other
h side
id off the
h radio
di lilink,
k simply
i l connect
here your headset
Page 36
External Alarms
DB9 Dry Contact External Alarms

The IP-10 supports 5 input alarms and a single output alarm
Th iinput alarms
The
l
are configurable
fi
bl according
di to:
1) Intermediate, 2) Critical, 3) Major, 4) Minor and 5) Warning
The output alarm is configured according to predefined categories

5
LED Indications
LINK:
GREEN radio link is operational

ORANGE minor BER alarm on radio
RED Loss of signal, major BER alarm on radio
IDU:
GREEN IDU functions ok

ORANGE fan failure
RED Alarm on IDU (all severities)
RFU:
GREEN RFU functions ok

ORANGE Loss of communication (IDU-RFU)
RED ODU Failure
Page 37
LED Indications
PROT:
Main unit GREEN (when there no alarms)

STBY unit: YELLOW (when there no alarms)
ORANGE Forced switch, Protection lock
RED physical errors (no cable, cable failure)
OFF Protection is disabled, or not supported on
device
RMT:
GREEN remote unit OK (no alarms)

ORANGE minor alarm on remote unit
RED major alarm on remote unit
User Channels (1)
Two software-selectable user channels (RJ-45):

A single synchronous channel OR two asynchronous channels
E h asynchronous
Each
h
channel
h
l will
ill make
k use off its
it own RJ-45
RJ 45 external
t
l
interface
The synchronous channel mode will make use of both interfaces
(acting as a single interface)
8
Page 38
User Channels (2)
Modes of operation:
V.11 Asynchronous (9600bps)
RS-232
RS 232 Asynchronous
A
h
(9600b
(9600bps))
V.11 Synchronous Co-Directional (64Kbps)
V.11 Synchronous Contra Directional (64Kbps)
9
User Channels (3)
Allowed configurations:
Two RS-232 Asynchronous UCs (default)
Two V.11 Asynchronous UCs
One
O RS-232
RS 232 Asynchronous
A
h
UC
UC, and
d one V
V.11
11 Asynchronous
A
h
UC
One V.11 Synchronous Co-Directional
One V.11 Synchronous Contra Directional UC
> All settings are copied to Mate when working in Protected mode
10
Page 39
Protection Port
Protection Port (only for standalone units)

Protect your Main unit with a STBY unit
Protection ports on both units deliver the proprietary protocol to
support automatic or manual switchover
The FE protection port is static (only used for protection, not traffic). Its switching is performed
electrically. If the unit is a stand-alone, an external connection is made through the front panel. If the
unit is connected to a backplane, the connection is through the backplane, while the front panel port
is unused.
11
T-Cards (Add-on Mezzanines)
Field upgradeable modules (T-Cards):

16 x E1 T-Card (32 total per unit)
DS1 T-Card
STM1/OC3 MUX T-Card
12
Page 40
T-Cards (Add-on Mezzanines)
An optional STM-1 interface card can be inserted in a dedicated slot in the

y
p to 63 E1s in a channelized
the card can transmit and receive up
system;
STM-1 signal.
The supported mapping is VC4 only:
VC-12->TU-12->TUG-2->TUG-3->VC-4->AU-4->AUG
The STM-1 T-card is only supported in unprotected main units or in
unprotected stand-alone IDUs
13
GbE Ports
Two GbE ports, each port with 2 physical interfaces:

Port #1: optical (SFP transceiver) or electrical
Port #2: optical (SFP transceiver) or electrical
GbE ports support QoS as in IP-10
IP 10 (scheduler,
(scheduler policers,
policers shaper,
shaper classifiers)
Port #1
14
Port #2
Page 41
FE Ports
5 FE ports:
Port 3:
Port 4:
Port 5,6 &7:
Data
p Wayside
y
Channel))
Data or WSC ((2 Mbps
Data or local management
All ports support QoS as in IP-10 (scheduler, policers, shaper, classifiers)
15
Radio and misc.
The Radio port is the switchs 8th port (same as in IP-10)
In addition
Grounding
-48vdc Power Connector
Fan Drawer
16
Page 42
XC using a Shelf Configuration
XC operation is implemented using two-unit backplanes, which

provide the interconnectivity.
Up to three backplanes, consisting of six IDUs, can be stacked to
provide an expandable system
17
XC using a Shelf Configuration

AllIDUsthatoperatewithin
theXCsystemhave
identicalhardware,andact
asstandaloneunits.
The2lowerunitscanbeconfiguredasMainunits.
TheroleanIDUplaysisdeterminedduringinstallationbyitspositioninthe
trafficinterconnectiontopology
18
Page 43
IP-10R1 Vs G-Series Vs E-Series

IP10R1
GSeries
ESeries
19
Thank You
Page 44
Installation
General
If installation requires CFG file upload & download and / or SW file
upload & down -
1.
2.
3.
Make sure FTP Server is installed on your PC

FTP is configured (RD/WR permissions)
Latest SW version is available (FTP root directory)
FTPinstallationguide
isavailableat
Training.Ceragon.Com:
seeModules/
Installation
Page 45
Agenda
Site Requirements
Packing & Transportation
Unpacking
Required
q
Tools
IDU Dimensions
Installing standalone IDU in a 19 Rack
Installing Nodal Enclosures in a 19 Rack
Preparing the IDU for a Shelf installation
Installing the IDU in a Shelf
Installing a Blank Panel IDU in a Shelf
Installing a T-Card into an IDU
Grounding the IDU
Lightning Protection
Power General Requirements
Installing the IDU-ODU IF cable
Site Requirements
IDU must be located indoors
The environment temperature must be between -5 C and +45 C.
Easily accessible, but only by authorized personnel.
Available power source of -48 VDC, and the site must comply with
National Electric Code (NEC) standards.
Available management connection (Ethernet or dial-up).
IDU-ODU connection (IF cable): no more than 300m
Page 46
Site Requirements
Heat Dissipation:
The IP-10 IDU overall heat dissipation is 25W max (~85 BTU/h).
The ODU heat dissipation
p
is 100W max.
Antenna Location:
As with any type of construction, a local permit may be required before installing
an antenna. It is the owners responsibility to obtain any and all permits.
Packing & Transportation

The equipment is packed at the factory, and sealed moisture-absorbing bags
are inserted.
The equipment is prepared for public transportation. The cargo must be kept dry
during transportation.
Keep items in their original boxes till they reach their final destination.
If intermediate storage is required, the packed equipment must be stored in dry
and cool conditions and out of direct sunlight
When unpacking
Wh
ki
Check the packing lists, and ensure that the
correct part numbers and quantities of
components arrived.
Page 47
Unpacking
A single FibeAir system (1+0) is shipped in 4 crates.
Upon delivery, make sure that the following items are included:
Two indoor units and accessories (if ordered)
Two outdoor units
For 13-38 GHz systems, verify that there is a high RFU and low RFU.
Unpack the contents and check for damaged or missing parts.

If any partt iis d
damaged
d or missing,
i i
contact
t t your llocall di
distributor.
t ib t
Required Tools and Materials

The following tools are required to install the IDU:
Crimping
p g tool for IF cable
Crimping tool for ground cable lug crimping
(optional: if alternative grounding cable is used)
Philips screwdriver #2 (for mounting the IDU to the rack and grounding screw)
Flathead small screwdriver (for PSU connector)
Sharp cutting knife (for wire stripping)
Sealing Materials
Setting up Management will require ETH cable (for setting management)

Serial Cable (for setting management)
Page 48
IDU Dimensions
42.60mm
Installing standalone IDU in a 19 Rack
As shown in the illustration, four screws are used to secure

the IDU to the rack
rack.
10
Page 49
11

Before you install the
enclosures
Plan carefully the required
space within the rack !
Should you need to install 3
enclosures prepare at least
10Us (6Us for enclosures + 2Us free
space for maneuvering above and below
shelves)
Main Enclosure
Start the installation process

from bottom to top, e.g. Main
enclosure should be installed
first at the bottom of your rack
space
12
Page 50

Step #1:
Install the IP-10 Main enclosure
in the 19 inch rack using 4
screws.
13

Step #1:
screws.
Step #2:
Slide down the 2nd extension
enclosure. Male connector
should plug in smoothly into the
Main enclosure.
14
Page 51

Step #1:
screws.
Step #2:
should plug in smoothly into the
Main enclosure.
Step #3:
should be plugged in smoothly
into the Main enclosure.
15

Step #4:
Secure the 2nd extension into
the Main enclosure. Use the
built-in screw.
Mount the 2nd extension into the
rack using the 4 screws
16
Page 52

Step #4:
Secure the 2nd extension
into the Main enclosure.
Use the built-in screw.
Mount the 2nd extension
into the rack using the 4
screws
Step #5:
Add the 3rd extension
when needed
17
Preparing the IDU for a Shelf installation

Remove the two 19" brackets mounted on the IP-10 IDU by unscrewing the 3
screws at each side and replace with brackets supplied with enclosure.
18
Page 53
Installing the IDU in a Shelf

Slide the IP-10 IDU into the enclosure and tighten it using 2 screws. Repeat
this step in accordance with the configuration.
IDU insertion & extraction

should NOT be under power
19
Installing a Blank Panel IDU in a Shelf

Slide the IP-10 blank panel into the enclosure, and tighten it using 2 screws.
20
Page 54

Remove the IP-10 T-Card blank panel from the IDU, by releasing the 2 side
screws.
21

Insert the IP-10 T-Card panel and tighten it using the 2 side screws.
22
Page 55
Grounding the IDU
Single Point Stud

Grounding Wire
23
Grounding the IDU

The IDU is suitable for installation in a Common Bonding Network (CBN).
Only copper wire should be used.
The wire must be at least 14 AWG.
Connector and connection surfaces must be plated. Bare conductors must be
coated with antioxidant before crimp connections are made to the screws.
FibeAir provides a ground for each IDU, via a one-hole mounted lug onto a
single-point stud.
The
Th stud
t d mustt b
be iinstalled
t ll d using
i a UL
UL-listed
li t d ring
i ttongue tterminal,
i l and
d ttwo star
t
washers for anti-rotation.
24
Page 56
Lightning Protection
For antenna ports, lightning protection is used
that does not permit transients of a greater
magnitude than the following:
Open Circuit: 1.2-50us 600V
Short Circuit: 8-20us 300A
The ampacity of the conductor connecting the
IDU frame to the DC return conductor is equal to
or greater than, the ampacity of the associated DC return conductor.
25
Power General Requirements

1. A readily accessible Listed branch circuit over-current protective device,
rated 15 A, must be incorporated in the building wiring.
2. This equipment is designed to permit connection between the earthed
conductor of the DC supply circuit and the earthing conductor at the
equipment.
3. The equipment shall be connected to a properly grounded supply system
4. The DC supply system is to be local, i.e. within the same premises as the
equipment
5. A disconnect device is not allowed in the grounded circuit between the DC
supply source and the frame/grounded circuit connection.
26
Page 57
Power Requirements
When selecting a power source, the following must be considered:
DC power can be from -40.5 VDC to -57.5 VDC.
Recommended: Availability of a UPS (Uninterrupted Power Source),
battery backup, and emergency power generator.
Whether or not the power source provides constant power (i.e., power is
secured on weekends or is shut off frequently and consistently).
The power supply must have grounding points on the AC and DC sides.
The
Th user power supply
l GND mustt be
b connected
t d to
t the
th positive
iti pole
l iin th
the IDU
power supply.
Any other connection may cause damage to the system!
27
Power Requirements
Important
Make sure to use a circuit breaker to protect the circuit from damage by
short or overload.
28
Page 58
Dual DC Feed
In boards with dual DC feed hardware, the system will indicate whether received
voltage in each connector is above or below the threshold power (40.5v
approximately).
This will
Thi
ill b
be shown
h
iin ttwo ways:
1. The LED (and its WEB representation) will only be ON if the voltage is above
the threshold
2. If voltage is below the threshold an alarm will be raised
User may configure the system not to raise an alarm in case of under-voltage
for any of the supplies.
This is used for cases where the dual feed hardware is used
used, but in the
installation only one of them is actually connected, so that no alarm is
permanently raised.
29
Installing the IDU-ODU IF cable

Route the IF Coax Cable from the IDU to the ODU/RFU and terminate it
with N-type male connectors.
Note: Make sure you fasten the cable along the ladder!
Make sure that the inner pin of the connector does not exceed the
edge of the connector.
The cable should have a maximum attenuation of 30 dB at 350 MHz.
30
Page 59
Thank You
Page 60
RFU and Antennas Installation
The Most Comprehensive Portfolio

FibeAir Family
RFUs
6-38 GHz
Carrier Ethernet
IP-MAX2
IP-10
3200T
EMS & NMS

PolyView (NMS)
RFU-C
Multi-Service
RFU-HP
IP-10
IP-MAX2
640P
CeraView (EMS)
TDM
RFU-P, RFU-SP
1500R/1500P
3200T
2
Page 61
IDU RFU Compatibility
IP-10 / IP10G
RFU-C
1500R
RFU-P, RFU-SP
RFU-HP
IP-MAX2
RFU-SP / HS
640P
1500P
3
IDU IDU Compatibility Across Link

1500R
1500R
IP 10 (R2)
IP-10
IP 10 (R3)
IP-10
IP-10 (R2/3)
IP-10 (R1)
1500P
1500R
IP-MAX/IP-MAX2
IP-10
1500P chassis Cannot House 1500R IDC and IDMs

1500R chassis Cannot House 1500P IDC and IDMs
4
Page 62
RFU-C Power Consumption

RFUBand
6 26GHz
6
26 GHz
28 38GHz
1+0Configuration
22 W
22W
26W
5
RFU-C direct mount configurations
1+0 direct
6
Page 63
1+1Configuration
39 W
43W
RFU-C and Antenna Interface Direct Mount

Polarization
RFU-C remote mount configurations
1+0 remote
8
Page 64
RFU-C direct 1+1 mount configurations

1+1 direct
9
RFU-C 1+1 Coupler Direct Mount Polarization

Vertical Polarization
10
Horizontal Polarization
Page 65
RFU-C remote mount configurations

1+1 remote
11
Orthogonal Mode Transducer (OMT) Installation
Switch to the circular adaptor

(removing the
existing rectangular transition,
swapping the O-ring, and
replacing on the circular
transition).
12
Page 66
OMT Installation Example
13
20 dB Attenuator (for RFU-C in 38GHz)

In case 20 dB attenuator is required, for 38 GHz band, the installation
as illustrated:
14
Page 67
Adaptors for RFU-P Direct Antenna Mount
RFU-P Ant with

adaptor for RFU-C
15
RFU-HS Direct Mount Installation
16
Page 68
Twist Adapter For Direct Mount Polarization
17
RFU-HS Direct Mount Adapter Wall
18
Page 69
RFU-HS Direct Mount RFU-HS onto Antenna
19
RFU-HS 1+1 Direct Mount
Horizontal Polarization Vertical Polarization
20
Page 70
RFU-HS 1+1 Direct Mount - Coupler Mounting
21
RFU-HS Remote Mount 1+0 - Components
22
Page 71
RFU-HS Complete 1+0 Remote Mount
23
RFU-HS Remote Mount 1+1 Components
24
Page 72
RFU-HS 1+1 Remote Mount Coupler

Installation
25
RFU-HS 1+1 Remote Mount - Complete
26
Page 73
HP-RFU Preliminary Assembly
27
RFU-HP RFU Installation
28
Page 74
RFU-HP Configurations 1+1
29
RFU-HP N+0 / N+1 Single Pole SD

Configurations
30
Page 75
Antenna Alignment (1)
Connect Digital Volt Meter (DVM) to the AGC BNC connector

Align the antenna until
ntil voltage
oltage reading is achie
achieved
ed (1
(1.2
2 to 1.7Vdc)
1 7Vdc)
Repeat antenna alignment at each end until the minimum dc voltage is
achieved
1.30vdc = -30dBm
1.45vdc = -45dBm
1.60vdc = -60dBm
etc
31
Antenna Alignment (2)
Compare achieved RX level to

calculated RX level
Keep aligning until the achieved
level is up to 4 dB away from the
calculated received signal level
If voltage reading is more than 4
dB away or higher than 1.7vdc,
re-align antenna to remote site
32
Page 76
Thank You
Page 77
Page 78
Green Mode
Green Mode
Adjusting the power consumption is an errorless

process and designed to optimize power
consumption in normal fading environment
which is the case most of the time.
Page 79
The HP Radios
1500HP / RFU-HP / RFU-A:
Radio
No.ofReceivers
ATPC
GreenMode
1500HP
Single RX/
DualRX
RFUHP
SingleRX
RFUA
Single RX/
DualRX
Please note
1. Green Mode is supported with IP-10 IDUs only
2. When ATPC is enabled, Green Mode cannot be enabled
3. When connected to 1500R or any other IDU and operated in lower TX power, there is
considerable reduction in power consumption according to the green scale (see
later~33Watt)
3
ATPCVS.GREENMODE
ATPC:
UsedtoreduceinterferencetootherradiosinadenseMW
environment
GreenMode:
GreenModeisenvironmentallyfriendly
SavesOPEXandCAPEXthroughlowerpowerconsumption
Oncefadingbecomessevere,actslikeATPC
Once fading becomes severe acts like ATPC
Page 80
Power Consumption VS. Monitored TSL

The radio operates in fixed and pre-defined
power-consumption states:
PowerState
MonitoredTX
Power
Consumed
power[W]
HIGH
32dBm
72Watt
MEDIUM
28dBm
45 Watt
LOW
22dBm
33 Watt
Transition between power states is hitless and

errorless !
*X<Y<Z
5
Normal ATPC
Set reference level Remote TX changes accordingly
5 dB
dB
15
100
RX:41dBm
Referencelevel: 40dBm
When fading occurs, both transmitters try to

compensate for the losses by increasing
transmission power while maintaining RSL as
close as possible to the Ref. level
Page 81
GREEN MODE
Set
Set
GreenMode
GreenRSL
enable
limit [dBm]
setting the Green RSL to

-50dBm doesnt degrade fade
margin, as the mechanism will
increase TX power if
necessary.
15
100
5 dB
dB
RX:52dBm
RX:37dBm
RX:42dBm
RX:47dBm
Green level: 50dBm
Greenlevel:
50dBm
When fading occurs, both transmitters
compare the monitored RSL with the Green
Level (Ref.). As long as RSL> Ref. there is no
need to increase the TSL.
7
GREEN MODE
Set
Set
GreenMode
GreenRSL
enable
limit [dBm]
setting the Green RSL to

-50dBm doesnt degrade fade
margin, as the mechanism will
increase TX power if
necessary.
15 dB
RX:50dBm
RX:52dBm
Green level: -50dBm
50dBm
When RSL drops below the Green Ref. level,
we must increase the TSL to maintain the
fade margin and avoid low sensitivity
8
Page 82
Thank You
Page 83
Page 84
Management Settings
Agenda
Getting started
General notes
General commands
Command historyy
Reading current IP
Setting new IP
Connecting PC to IDU
Troubleshooting
Factory Defaults
2
Page 85
Getting Started
Verify that physical installation is successfully completed:
IDU is properly mounted in a shelf / rack
Power + GND
IF Cable between IDU and ODU
Connect a PC to the Terminal connector and launch a serial application
Baud rate: 115200
YoumayuseanySerial
ApplicationsuchasHyper
Terminal PuTTY TeraTerm
Terminal,PuTTY,TeraTerm
etc
Data bits: 8
Parity: None
Stop
St bits:
bit 1
Flow Control: None
Log on using (admin/admin) for user name and password.

Now, you should be able to see the IP-10 CLI Prompt
3
General Notes on CLI
IP-10:/>
Note that the chevron
> sign indicates your current directory in the CLI tree
Most of the CLI commands are based on GET/SET concept

Some commands may require a different syntax
Ceragon strongly recommends to use CLI only for setting management IP
address when current IP is unknown
All functions & features can be configured faster and easier using the WEB
based EMS
4
Page 86
General Commands
IP-10:/
IP-10:/
IP-10:/
IP-10://
>
>
>
>
?
ls
lsp
exit
IP-10:/ > cd
IP-10:/ > cd ..
Type ? (question mark) to list helpful commands

Type ls to list your current directory
Type lsp to list available commands of current directory
Type exit to terminate the session
Type cd to change directory
Type cd .. to return to previous directory
5
Command History
Use the arrow keys to navigate through recent

commands
Use the TAB key to auto-complete a syntax
6
Page 87
Reading Current IP
To read current IP type the following:
IP-10:/>cd management/networking/ip-address/
IP-10:/management/networking/ip-address>
Note that the prompt has changed. Now, type get ip-address:
IP-10:/management/networking/ip-address>get ip-address
completion the current IP will be displayed
Upon completion,
displayed, followed by the new
prompt:
IP-10:/management/networking/ip-address>get ip-address
192.168.1.1
IP-10:/management/networking/ip-address>
7
Setting New IP
Now, let us set a new IP for the MNG:
We assume the required IP is 192.168.1.144
Type set ip-address 192.168.1.144
IP-10:/management/networking/ip-address>set ip-address 192.168.1.144
Upon completion, you will be prompt:

You may
y lose remote management
g
connection to the unit if this value is
changed incorrectly.
Are you sure? (yes/no):
Type yes and connect the IDU to your network / PC

8
Page 88
Connecting IDU to EMS

1. Connect your EMS/NMS to the IDU (port 7) with ETH CAT5 cable
2. Verify that your PCs IP is in the same subnet
3 Make sure Link is up
3.
4. PING the IDU
5. Launch a WEB browser with the URL set as the IDUs IP
9
Management Troubleshooting
In case PC cannot PING IDU
1. Check your ETH cable it might not be inserted properly (broken PIN)
2. Verify the management port is enabled in the EMS General/Management
configuration
3. Make sure you connect to a management-enabled port (7, 6 or 5)
4. Verify right LED is ON (see below)
5. Verify your PC is in the same subnet as the IDU
6. In case your IDU is connected to a router: set the IDUs Default GW = Router IP
7. In case your PC is connected to several IDUs (through switch/hub) make sure
every IDU has a unique IP
When ON (Green) = Port is set to Management
When OFF = Port is set to Data
10
Page 89
Back to Factory Defaults

Going back to factory defaults can be done with EMS or CLI
In case you need to set factory defaults with CLI type the following -
IP-10:/> cd management/mng-services/cfg-service
In the new directory type the following:
IP-10:/management/mng-services/cfg-service>set-to-default
11
Thank You
Page 90
EMS General Configuration
I6.8
Agenda
In this module we shall explain the following

features as they appear on the EMS
navigation Menu
Page 91
Menus
Menu of a Main unit
Menu of an Extension
Unit Parameters Step # 1
Configure specific
information that may
assist you later
Such info will help you
locate your site easier
and faster
4
Page 92
VDC reading
Celsius (metric) or
Fahrenheit (Imperial)
6
Page 93
By default the time &

date are derived from
the operating system
clock
User may set new
values
These settings are also
used for NTP
connection (later
explained)

IDU Serial number is
important when you
submit your request
for a License upgrade
When you complete
configuring all
settings, click Apply.
Page 94
External Alarms Collapsed Input Alarm Config.
Dry Contact Alarms (DB-9):

5 Inputs
1 Output
9
External Alarms Expended Input Alarm Config.
10
Page 95
External Alarms Configuring the Output Alarm

Group of alarms will trigger the external alarm Output.
Communication Alarms related to traffic: Radio / Ethernet line / TDM line
Q lit off Service
Quality
S i We
W do
d nott h
have specific
ifi alarms
l
off QoS
Q S
Processing Alarms related to SW: Configuration / Resets / corrupted files
Equipment Alarms related to: HW / FAN / RFU mute / Power Supply / Inventory.
Environmental Alarms of extreme temperature.
All Groups.
Test mode manual switch.
11
Management Menu of Extension Slots
This is the switch MAC address
Here you can set/review the IP

address of the remote site
You can also access the EMS of the
remote site (assuming both IDUs are
configured identically in terms of
MNG)
12
Page 96
Management Main IDU: Setting IP Address

Here you can set the IP address of
the IDU
Let us examine the following
examples to understand how and
when we use each one of these
parameters
13

Node / standalone, no protection:
Connect your PC to any one of the MNG ports (7,6,5)
IP: 192.168.1.10
SM: 255.255.255.0
D.GW: 0.0.0.0
14
ETH Cross Cable
Page 97
IP: 192.168.1.100
SM: 255.255.255.0

Node, Standalone, no protection, going through a Router:
Set the Default GW address
10.10.2.10
DCN
IP: 192.168.1.10
SM: 255.255.255.0
255 255 255 0
D.GW: 192.168.1.12
192.168.1.12
IP: 10.10.2.100
SM: 255.255.255.0
15

Node/Standalone, 1+1 Protection:
Set a Floating IP
The floating
g IP address p
provides a
single IP address that will always give
direct access to the current active
main unit.
IP Slot #1: 192.168.1.10

IP Slot #2: 192.168.1.11
SM: 255.255.255.0
D.GW: 0.0.0.0
Floating IP: 192.168.1.22
ETH Y-Cable
IP: 192.168.1.100
SM: 255.255.255.0
See 1+1 Protection PPS for further info
16
Page 98

Node/Standalone, 1+1 Protection, going through a Router:
Set a Floating IP + D. GW
192.168.1.100
IP Slot #1: 192.168.1.10

IP Slot #2: 192.168.1.11
SM: 255.255.255.0
D.GW: 192.168.1.100
Floating IP: 192.168.1.22
ETH Y-Cable
IP: 10.10.2.100
SM: 255.255.255.0
See 1+1 Protection PPS for further info
17
Management Main IDU: Setting No. of MNG Ports
This is the switch MAC address

If your link is up you should be
able to see the other ends IP
The IDU has 3 ports for local management:

Port 7, Port 6 and Port 5.
You may enable none or up to 3 ports:
Number of ports =3
Number of ports =2
Number of ports =1
Number of ports =0
18
Page 99
Port 7, Port 6, Port 5

Port 7, Port 6
Port 7
NO LOCAL MANAGEMENT !!!
In-Band Vs. Out of Band
Out of Band Management

MNG workstation is connected directly & locally via ETH cable to IP-10
Management data does not consume Radio Data BW (not part of the radio link)
Every Link (two ends) is associated with unique Link ID
Management BW can be set to:
64Kbps to 2048Kbps (recommended)
20
Page 100
In-Band Management
All units must be members of the same subnet / LAN unless Router is used
MNG data consumes BW of the total Radio link
Every Link (two ends) is associated with unique Link ID an VLAN ID
MNG BW can be configured via GUI: 64Kbps to 2048Kbps (recommended)
Remote units are managed via Radio Link
21
Management Main IDU: Port Properties
In Band Management
requires unique VLAN ID
This helps separating
MNG traffic from other
services
In Band MNG packets are
transferred via the radio
link
When the link is down,
management
g
is down as
well.
22
Page 101
Wayside Channel (WSC) Management

All units must be members of the same subnet / LAN unless Router is used
MNG data consumes BW of the total Radio link
Every Link (two ends) is associated with unique Link ID
MNG BW can be configured via GUI:
Wide (2048Kbps recommended) or Narrow (64Kbps)
Remote units are managed via Radio Link
WSC MGT
WSC
MGT
WSC port should be connected to MGT port via crossed ETH cable, on both ends
23
Management Main IDU: Port Properties
These parameters allow

you setting the
management capacity and
ports physical properties
24
Page 102
Trap Configuration (OSS / NMS / Northbound)
To manage the IDU with OSS / NMS, you will need to configure the IP address
of the OSS Server
You may configure up to 4 Servers (Trap Destinations)
See next slide for more info.
25
Trap Configuration T. Destination Configuration
26
Page 103
Licensing Copy, Paste, Ready to start

Licenses are generated per IDU S/N (capacity / ACM / switch mode)
License upgrade requires system reset.
27
NTP Client Properties

Enable / Disable
Type NTP Server IP address
Expect IDU to lock on NTP Servers clock
Expected Status:
1. If locked, it returns the IP address of the server it is locked on.
2. Local if the NTP client is locked to the local elements real-time clock
3. NA - if not synchronized with any clock (valid only when Admin is set to
Disable).
The feature supports Time Offset and Daylight Saving Time.

Time Offset and Daylight Saving Time can be configured via WEB (Unit Information
page) or via CLI: /management/mng-services/time-service>
28
Page 104
NTP Properties
29
NTP Properties
When using NTP with external protection 1+1, both Active and Standby
units
nits sho
should
ld be locked independentl
independently on the NTP ser
server,
er and report
independently their Sync status.
Time & Date are not copied from the Active unit to the Standby unit
When using NTP in a shelf configuration,
configuration all units in the shelf (including
standby main units) are automatically synchronized to the active main units
clock.
30
Page 105
IP Table
Here you can manually set your neighbors network properties
31
SNMP
V1
V2c
V3
No security
Authentication
Authentication privacy
SHA
MD5
No Authentication
32
Page 106
All ODU
This feature is used to feed the integrated fans of the All Outdoor Enclosure
(standalone outdoor rack)
When Enabled, the All ODU enclosure interface is activated, and the enclosure
controller can then be powered to monitor fan failure alarms.
The External Alarm Input #1 becomes an output, which together with 3.3V is
used to drive the enclosures electronic board.
External Alarm Input #2 is set with a specific text & severity, and is used to
monitor any enclosure fan failure, and to raise an alarm for it (polarity change
was required to adapt it to the enclosure behavior).
All ODU Disabled

33
All ODU Enabled
All ODU - External Alarms Status

All ODU = Disabled
All ODU = Enabled
34
Page 107
Versions - IDU
35
Versions - ODU
36
Page 108
Versions Running / Installed / Upgrade / Downgrade
Lets explore this example:

The IDU running SW is displayed in the aidu line and currently it is 3.0.92
3 0 92
A new SW was downloaded sometime in the past (3.0.97)
The IDU was not upgraded yet
37
Thank You
Page 109
Page 110
IP-10 Licensing
Licensing Copy, Paste, Ready to start

The License key is generated per IDU serial number (S/N):
Page 111
Licensing: General
In order to upgrade license, license-key must be entered to the system
(requires cold-reset)
When system is up
up, its license key is checked
checked, allowing access to new
capacities and/or features
If license key is illegal (syntax errorillegal S/N) specific alarm will be raised
When "License Violation" alarm is raised, Radio port capacity is automatically
limited to ~3Mbps, allowing only management channels to remote end
To clear the violation alarm,, user must configure
g
the system
y
to comply
p y with the
loaded license, and then, issue cold-reset (radio resumes full operational status
if the violation is no longer relevant)
Model
Page 112
Licensing: Factory Defaults
ACM
L2 SWITCH
Asymmetric
CAPACITY
Q8
RESILIENCY
Q6
Q1
Q7
Q5
SyncU
Per-Usage
TDM
En. QoS
DEMO
When no license has been purchased or loaded, all IDUs support the following:
10Mbps radio traffic (ETH + TDM)
No ACM
No switch capabilities (single pipe only)
No RSTP
SNCP trails are allowed
Synch. sources for Sync ETH are blocked
5
Licensing: Automatic Coding & Modulation
ACM
L2 SWITCH
Asymmetric
CAPACITY
Q8
RESILIENCY
Q6
Q1
Q7
Q5
SyncU
Per-Usage
TDM
En. QoS
DEMO
ACM enables automatic & dynamic radio scripts. New scripts are available
(R l
(Release
I6
I6.6.2):
6 2)
ACM-56MHz, QPSK 256QAM

Page 113
Licensing: L2 Switch
ACM
L2 SWITCH
Asymmetric
CAPACITY
Q8
RESILIENCY
Q6
Q1
Q7
Q5
SyncU
Per-Usage
TDM
En. QoS
DEMO
CAPACITY
RESILIENCY
This license enables 2 L2 switching modes:

1.
1
2.
Metro
M
t S
Switch
it h (Q
(QnQ,
Q A
A.K.A
K A VLAN Stacking)
St ki )
Managed Switch
The following features are supported as well LAG

Automatic State Propagation
QoS (Enhanced QoS requires additional license)
Ring RSTP (requires additional license)
7
Licensing: Asymmetrical Links
ACM
L2 SWITCH
Asymmetric
Q8
Q6
Q1
Q7
Q5
SyncU
Per-Usage
TDM
En. QoS
DEMO
This license enables to use the asymmetrical MRMC scripts

Supported either in 28MHz or 56MHz
Allowing having 50% more traffic on the downlink on the expanse of the uplink.
Page 114
Licensing: Radio Capacity
ACM
L2 SWITCH
Asymmetric
CAPACITY
Q8
RESILIENCY
Q6
Q1
Q7
Q5
SyncU
Per-Usage
TDM
En. QoS
DEMO
Limits the total amount of radio capacity available:

This is the sum of ETH + TDM bandwidth
The available radio scripts (MRMC) are automatically derived from the applied
license
This license applies only if the TDM-only license is disabled
9
Licensing: Network Resiliency
ACM
L2 SWITCH
Asymmetric
CAPACITY
Q8
RESILIENCY
Q6
Q1
Q7
Q5
SyncU
Per-Usage
TDM
En. QoS
DEMO
Allows configuration of features that make use of loop network topologies:

Ring RSTP
TDM trails protection (SNCP)
Note that for systems in which these features were enabled in previous versions, the
features will be allowed even if no resiliency license is purchased.
10
Page 115
Licensing: Synchronization Unit
ACM
L2 SWITCH
Asymmetric
CAPACITY
Q8
RESILIENCY
Q6
Q1
Q7
Q5
SyncU
Per-Usage
TDM
En. QoS
DEMO
Allows configuration of external source as a clock source for synchronous

Ethernet output (assuming the IDUs hardware supports synchronization).
If this license is not installed, Ethernet clock source can only be a local (internal) clock.
With SyncU BTS are accurately synchronized across the entire topology over Ethernet
11
Licensing: Per-Usage
ACM
L2 SWITCH
Asymmetric
CAPACITY
Q8
RESILIENCY
Q6
Q1
Q7
Q5
SyncU
Per-Usage
TDM
En. QoS
DEMO
Allows unlimited usage of all features in the system, and generates reports of current
usage, used for usage-based billing.
In addition, system will warn user when a chargeable feature is enabled.
12
Page 116
Licensing: TDM Only
ACM
L2 SWITCH
Asymmetric
CAPACITY
Q8
RESILIENCY
Q6
Q1
Q7
Q5
SyncU
Per-Usage
TDM
En. QoS
DEMO
Limits the amount of TDM trails that can be mapped to a radio.

Allows minimal ETH traffic for network management only.
If this license is allowed, any radio script can be loaded, but the number of trails is
limited.
13
Licensing: Enhanced Quality of Service
ACM
L2 SWITCH
Asymmetric
CAPACITY
Q8
RESILIENCY
Q6
Q1
Q7
Q5
SyncU
Per-Usage
TDM
En. QoS
DEMO
In addition to standard QoS features (no license required)

required), the following
features are added:
WRED
Eight Queues
Shaping per queues
14
Page 117
Licensing: Demo
ACM
L2 SWITCH
Asymmetric
CAPACITY
Q8
RESILIENCY
Q6
Q1
Q7
Q5
SyncU
Per-Usage
TDM
En. QoS
DEMO
Allowed for 60 days, auto reset is applied when expired (radio restores previously
assigned script)
When Demo license is enabled:
1. An alarm & timer are displayed in GUI (Timer is off when IDU is off)
2. All radio scripts and features are configurable
15
Order Examples
License
Ceragon PN
Marketing Model
Description
ACM
SL-0181-0
IP10 SLACM
IP-10 IDU ACM Enabled
Capacity
SL-0183-0
IP10-SL-CAP-025
IP-10 IDU Capacity 25Mbps
Capacity
SL-0189-0
IP10-SL-CAP-ALL
IP-10 IDU Capacity All
Enhanced QoS
SL-0224-0
IP10-SL-Enhanced-QoS
IP-10 IDU Enhanced QoS Enabled
L2 Switch /
Metro Switch
SL-0128-0
IP10-SL-Metro
IP-10 IDU Metro Switch Enabled
SyncU
SL-0223-0
IP10-SL-Sync-Unit
IP-10 IDU Sync. Unit Enabled
Resiliency
SL-0222-0
IP10 SL N t
IP10-SL-Networkk
Resiliency
IP 10 IDU Network
IP-10
N t
kR
Resiliency
ili
Enabled
Asymmetrical
Links
SL-0260-0
IP10-SL-Asymmetricallinks
IP-10 IDU Asymmetrical Links

Enabled
16
Page 118
Applications
1+1 HSB
No special license is required for 1+1 behavior
Install 2 ACM licenses per link (no HSB)
Install 4 ACM licenses per HSB link
A
A
18
Page 119
Metro Switch
When Aggregation is required
When more than 1 ETH port is needed
IDUs of both ends of a link should be installed with the same configuration:
Metro VS. Metro
Pipe VS. Pipe
Metro VS. Pipe is not supported
BTS
10
M
M
BTS1
BTS
11
BTS2
BTS3
19
Metro Switch
Metro switch license may be applied in first and last IDUs to allow
Secure tunneling of Customer Services (QnQ)
Easier IDU configuration: no need to pre-configure C-VLANs
Reduced costs due to fewer licenses in the topology
CVLANs
leavehere
BTS
CVLANs
enterhere
20
Pipe Mode does not require a license
Page 120
SNCP & In-Band in RSTP Ring

When In-Band Management is required in a ring
Install Metro license in Main IDUS
Install Network Resiliency in Main IDUs
Enable RSTP or Ring RSTP in Main IDUs
In this example, SNCP is supported as well
M
M
R
R
21
SNCP without In-Band in RSTP Ring

When SNCP is required without In-Band Management
Install Network Resiliency license in Main IDUs
R
R
R
R
R
22
Page 121
SyncU (current release)

The receiving IDU is fed with a time reference clock (TDM port)
The clock is transported over ETH frame
The clock is distributed in the topology using TDM XC Trail management
The terminating IDU drops the clock
Only 2 SyncU licenses are required
S
TDM XC Trail Management
Clock
23
SyncU (next release)

User can choose to configure Trails to distribute the clock or let the system
detect and distribute it automatically (more licenses are required)
S
TDM XC Trail Management
Clock
Automatic Detection & Distribution
Clock
24
Page 122
Exercise:
Tree, Aggregation, Enhanced QoS
Design your license requirements according to the following scheme
1.
2.
1.
2.
3.
200 Mbps
ACM
400 Mbps
ACM
Enhanced QoS
25
Solution
Q
Enhanced QoS license
ACM license
Metro/Managed license
400
Capacity
100
A
Q
200
400
100
26
Page 123
Solution 2: HSB
100
A
Q
400
400
200
100
HSB
100
27
Solution 3: HSB + LAG
Dual GE interfaces connect to the Switch/Router

Static LAG is configured on the Switch/Router interfaces connected to the IP-10s
Static LAG is configured on the IP-10
2 optical splitter/combiners are used to connect each of the 2 interfaces on the
10s
Switch/Router to each of the corresponding interfaces on the IP
IP-10s
100
A
Q
400
400
200
LAG
LAG
100
100
See next slide

28
Page 124
Solution 3: HSB + LAG

1+1 HSB
Static LAG
Static LAG
3rd party
Switch or Router
Static LAG
STBY IP-10 disables its Ethernet interface towards the Switch/Router

Any failure detected in radio link or equipment will trigger switch-over to the back-up
IP- 10 unit with <50msecs traffic interruption on the radio link
Any failure in the local GbE interfaces will be handled by the link aggregation
mechanism without triggering switch-over to the back-up IP-10 unit!
29
Thank You
Page 125
Page 126
EMS Switch Configuration
Agenda
1. Switch mode review

2. Guidelines
3. Single Pipe Configuration
Page 127
Switch Modes
1. Single (Smart) Pipe (default mode, does not require license)
Only single GbE interface is supported (Optical GbE-SFP or Electrical GbE 10/100/1000).
Any traffic coming from any GbE interface will be sent directly to the radio and
vice versa.
This application allows QoS configuration.
Other FE (10/100) interfaces can be configured to be "functional" interfaces
(WSC Protection
(WSC,
Protection, Management)
Management), otherwise they are shut down
down.
Single pipe does not forward PAUSE PDU (01-80-C2-00-00-01) and Slow
protocols PDU (01-80-C2-00-00-02).
Switch Modes
2. Managed Switch (license depended)
This application is 802.1Q VLAN aware bridge, allowing L2 switching based
on VLANs.
All Ethernet ports are allowed for traffic. Each traffic port can be configured to
be "access" port, "trunk" port or hybrid:
Type
VLANs
AllowedIngressFrames
AllowedEgress
Frames
Access
SpecificVLANshouldbe
assigned to access the port
assignedtoaccesstheport
OnlyUntaggedframes
(orTaggedwithVID=0
"PriorityTagged)
Untaggedframes
Trunk
ArangeofVLANsshouldbe
assignedtoaccessthePort
OnlyTaggedframes
Taggedframes
Hybrid
SpecificVLANand arangeof
VLANsshouldbeassignedto
accesstheport
Onlytaggedframeaslisted
ontheportanduntagged
frames
Taggedand
Untaggedframes
Page 128
Switch Modes
3.
Metro Switch (license depended)
This application is 802.1Q VLAN aware bridge, allowing Q-in-Q

(A.K.A. VLAN Stacking).
This mode allows the configuration of a PE port and CE port.
Allowed Ingress
Frames
Type
VLANs
CustomerNetwork
Specific S-VLAN should be Untagged frames, or

assigned to "Customerframes with C-tag
Network" port
(ether-type=0x8100).
ProviderNetwork
A range of S-VLANs, or
"all" S-VLANs should be
assigned to "ProviderNetwork" port
Configurable S-tag.
(ether-type)
0x88a8
0x8100
0x9100
0x9200
Allowed Egress
Frames
Untagged or C-tag
(ether-type= 0x8100)
frames.
Configurable S-tag.
(ether-type)
0x88a8
0x8100
0x9100
0x9200
Guidelines
Changing switch modes requires a reset

Resets do not change the IP-10G settings (radio,
configuration, etc.) but affects traffic
VLANs need to be created in the switch DB before assigned
to a port
Page 129
Single Pipe Configuration
Single Pipe Configuration
Untagged
VID 4
45
VID 51
IP-10 Switch
VID 100
Port 1: GbE (Optical or Electrical)

Port 3: FE (RJ45)
Page 130
Port 8 (Radio)
Configuration Single Pipe
This is the default setting
Configuration Single Pipe
Only one ingress port

can be used:
Port 1 (Opt. or Elec.)

Port 3 (RJ45)
When one is enabled

the other is disabled
No need to configure
VID membership
10
Page 131
Thank You
Page 132
Commissioning the Radio Link

Version I6.8
Radio Link Parameters

TSL
IDU
ODU
RSL
))
ODU
IDU
To establish a radio link, we need to configure / monitor the following:

1. TX / RX frequencies set on every radio
2. RSL Received Signal [dBm]
3. MSE Mean Square Error [dB] (see MSE PPS)
4. Max. TSL Max. allowed Transmission Signal [dBm]
5. Monitored TSL Actual Transmission level [dBm]
6. IF Interface Enable / Disable
7. Link ID must be the same on both ends
8. ATPC ON / OFF avoiding co-interferences caused by nearby antennas
9. MRMC Modem scripts (ACM or fixed capacity, channel & modulation)
10. Adaptive Power ON / OFF To allow max. transmission signal when ACM is ON
11. Green Mode (RFU-HP) please refer to Green Mode PPS
12. IFC in case of using Dual Receiver Radios
13. MAC Header Compression 45% higher throughput (Ceragon Proprietary)
2
Page 133
Feature Description
(followed later with EMS Configuration Steps)
LINK ID Antenna Alignment Process

To avoid pointing the antenna to a wrong direction (when both links share the
same frequency), LINK ID can be used to alert when such action is take.
# 101
# 101
# 102
# 101
Link ID Mismatch
Page 134
Link ID
Mismatch
LINK ID Antenna Alignment Process

Both IDUs of the same link must use the same Link ID
Otherwise, Link ID Mismatch alarm will appear in Current Alarms Window
# 101
# 101
# 102
Link ID
Mismatch
# 101
Link ID Mismatch
ATPC Automatic Transmit Power Control

The quality of radio communication between low Power devices varies
significantly with time and environment.
This phenomenon indicates that static transmission power
power, transmission range
range,
and link quality, might not be effective in the physical world.
Static transmission set to max. may reduce lifetime of Transmitter

Side-lobes may affect nearby Receivers (image)
Main Lobe
Side Lobe
Page 135

To address this issue, online transmission power control that adapts to
external changes is necessary.
In ATPC, each node builds a model for each of its neighbors, describing the
correlation between transmission power and link quality.
With this model, we employ a feedback-based transmission power control
algorithm to dynamically maintain individual link quality over time.

1. Enable ATPC on both sites
2. Set reference RSL (min. possible RSL to maintain the radio link)
3. ATPC on both ends establish a Feedback Channel through the radio link (1byte)
4. Transmitters will reduce power to the min. possible level
5. Power reduction stops when RSL in remote receiver reaches Ref. level
TSL Adjustments
ATPC
module
Monitored RSL
Radio
Transceiver
Radio
Radio
Receiver
Feedback
Site A
Radio
Receiver
Signal
Quality
Check
Page 136
Ref. RSL
RSL
required
change
Site B
ATPC OFF = High Power Transmission
ATPC:
Disabled
ATPC:
Disabled
Max. TSL:
10 dBm
Max. TSL:
10 dBm
Monitored TSL:
Monitored RSL:
10 dBm
-53 dBm
Monitored TSL:
Monitored RSL:
8 dBm
-56 dBm
ATPC
module
Radio
Transceiver
Radio
Radio
Receiver
Feedback
Radio
Receiver
Signal
Quality
Check
Site A
Ref. RSL
RSL
required
change
Site B
ATPC ON =
Reduced Power, cost & long-term maintenance
ATPC:
Ref. RSL:
Enabled
-65 dBm
ATPC:
Ref. RSL:
Enabled
- 65 dBm
Max. TSL:
10 dBm
Max. TSL:
10 dBm
Monitored TSL:
2 dBm (before 10)
Monitored TSL:
2 dBm (before 8)
Monitored RSL:
-60 dBm (before 53)
Monitored RSL:
-63 dBm (before 56)
Note: in case of Radio LOF the power is increased up to configured maximum

power level
ATPC
module
Radio
Transceiver
Radio
Radio
Receiver
Feedback
Site A
10
Radio
Receiver
Signal
Quality
Check
Page 137
Ref. RSL
RSL
required
change
Site B
ATPC Override Timer

power level
As a result the transmitter may cause interferences

The ATPC Override Timer enables limit this interference
The timer counts seconds passed since maximum power reached
Once the timer expires the transmission level is as defined by ATPC
override Tx level

power level
ATPC
module
Radio
Transceiver
Radio
Radio
Receiver
Feedback
Site A
11
Radio
Receiver
Signal
Quality
Check
Ref. RSL
RSL
required
change
Site B
MRMC Multi Rate Multi Coding

1. Radio capacity is determined by Channel BW, Modulation and ACM (fixed
or adaptive)
2 Non
2.
N ACM scripts
i t ((old)
ld) are still
till available
il bl tto supportt N
Non-ACM
ACM radios
di
3. ACM TX profile can be different than ACM RX profile.
4. ACM TX profile is determined by remote RX MSE performance.
5. Remote Receiver (RX) initiates ACM profile upgrade or downgrade
6 When MSE is improved above predefined threshold
6.
threshold, RX generates a
request to the remote TX to upgrade its profile.
7. If MSE degrades below a predefined threshold, RX generates a request to
the remote TX to downgrade its profile.
12
Page 138
MRMC Multi Rate Multi Coding

Each ACM script has 8 profiles.
Profile Modulation
The radio capacity will be dictated by the

channel BW ((see next slide))
The lower the modulation the less sensitive
the receiver is:
QPSK
8QAM
16QAM
32QAM
64QAM
More system gain

Bigger fade margin
128QAM
256QAM(highFEC)
At lower modulation orders the radio link will

tolerate lower RSL
S levels. For example:
256QAM(lowFEC)
With 16QAM the radio will drop at (-78dBm)

whereas with 8QAM the radio will drop at
(-82dBm)
13
MRMC Adaptive TX Power

Designed to work with ACM in certain scenarios to allow higher Tx power
available at lower order modulation schemes for a given modulation scheme.
When Adaptive TX is disabled:

Maximum TX power is limited by the highest modulation configured in the MRMC ACM
script.
In other words, when link suffers signal degradation, modulation may change from
256QAM to QPSK. However, Max. power will be limited to the value corresponding as
Max. TX in 256QAM.
When Adaptive TX is Enable:

When link suffers signal degradation, modulation may change from 256QAM to QPSK.
However, Max. power will increase to compensate for the signal degradation.
14
Page 139
MRMC Adaptive Power = OFF
256QAM @ Monitored TSL = 18 dBm (Max.)

Signal Degradation
= Lower bit/symbol
16QAM @ MAX. TSL = 18 dBm
15
MRMC Adaptive Power = ON
256QAM @ Monitored TSL = 18 dBm(Max.)

Signal Degradation
= Lower bit/symbol
16QAM @ Monitored TSL = 24 dBm
16
Page 140
MRMC Adaptive Power

It is essential that Operators ensure they do not breach any regulator-imposed
EIRP limitations by enabling Adaptive TX.
To better control the EIRP, users can select the required
q
class ((Power VS.
Spectrum):
Class 2
Class 4
Class 5B
Class 6A
FCC
RFU C should
RFU-C
h ld h
have version
i 2.01
2 01 (or
( hi
higher)
h ) ffor proper ffunctionality
ti
lit off
Adaptive TX Power feature.
The Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) is the apparent power transmitted towards the receiver assuming that the
signal power is radiated equally in all directions
17
MRMC Adaptive Power

If enabled, the maximum tx power in lower constellations is limited by the
reference class configured, as listed in the following table.
18
Reference Class
Reference Modulation
Class 2
Class 4
16
Class 5B
64
Class 6A
256
FCC
Page 141
MAC Header Compression

1.
2.
3.
4
4.
No impact on User Traffic

Ceragon proprietary Mechanism
Improves the effective throughput by up to 45%
Effectiveness is reduced as the number of L2 streams is increased
MAC header compression is based on the following:

Dropping the Preamble + SFD + IFG saves 20 bytes
Dropping the Ethernet type saves 2 bytes
Adding a GFP header adds 4 bytes
In addition:
Frequently repeating SA & DA are learned
Learned DA & SA are not transmitted
A short pointer is used instead of the original 12 bytes
19
MAC Header Compression
20
L2ETHFrameSize[bytes]
Improved Capacity
64
45%
96
29%
128
22%
256
11%
512
5%
Page 142
EMS Configuration
Radio Settings Local Radio - 1

Radio type (displayed when comm. is OK)
Spectrum Mask
FQ spacing (gap) between channels
Monitored transmission power
Monitored received signal
Monitored MSE. Required lower than (-35dB)
The larger the amount, the poorer the radio link
quality. Required value = zero
Radio frequencies can be set

locally or both RFUs (box
checked) when links is up
22
Page 143
Radio Settings Local Radio - 2
Enable / Disable : Requires system reset
Enable = no transmission
Must be identical on both IDUs

Enable on both IDUs to get maximum
throughput (500Mbps @ 56MHz)
23
ATPC Local Radio - 3
Enable / Disable
Min. target RSL (local)
24
Page 144
Radio Settings Local Radio 4 Disabling IF
As explained in previous slide, enabling or disabling the IF interface

requires a reset
25
Radio Settings 4: IFC

(Dual Receiver Radios for Space Diversity)
Shows current connector
RSL
S Display Selector
S
RSL current monitored level
RSL current monitored level (combined)
You can measure the RSL of:

Main Antenna
Diversity Antenna
Combined signal
To calibrate the distance between both antennas, type the distance in nano0seconds
and click Apply
26
Page 145
Radio Settings 5: Remote Radio
When the radio link is up, you can configure the remote radio via the radio frames:
Make sure Remote IP is available (configurable)
Remote RSL can be read
Remote TSL can be set (values depend on MRMC script)
Remote ATPC REF level
Remote Floating IP
Remote TX MUTE can be disabled (see next slide)
27
Radio Settings 5: Un-muting Remote Radio

Simplified scheme
Sit B is
Site
i NOT transmitting
t
itti
but receiver is still ON
Site A is transmitting
Site B
Site A
28
Page 146
Radio Settings 6: Radio Thresholds
These settings determine the sensitivity / tolerance for triggering:

1+1 HSB switchover
Ethernet Shutdown
PM generated alarms
29
Radio Settings 7: MRMC Configuration
30
Page 147
31

MAX. Capacity
(w/out compression)
ACM Script
CH. BW
Modulation
Spectrum
Mask
ACM is on
Spectrum
Class Type
32
Page 148
33

Configure here:
Adaptive
p
Power: Enabled / Disabled
Reference Class
34
Page 149
Thank You
Page 150
Configuring Interfaces
Version I6.8
Agenda
In this presentation we shall

explain the required steps to
configure these interfaces
Page 151
ETH
TDM
STM1
AUX
AIS
Sync
Configuring ETH ports is discussed in previous modules:

Switch Configuration
Trunk VS. Access
Metro
M t S
Switch
it h C
Configuration
fi
ti
QoS Configuration
Interface
Rate
Functionality
Single Pipe
Managed SW / Metro
ETH 1 (SFP)
GbE
Disabled / Traffic
Disabled / Traffic
ETH 2 (RJ 45)
GbE
Disabled
Disabled / Traffic
ETH 3 (RJ 45)
FE 10 / 100
Disabled / Traffic
Disabled / Traffic
ETH 4 (RJ 45)
FE 10 / 100
Disabled / Wayside
Disabled / Traffic / Wayside
ETH 5 (RJ 45)
FE 10 / 100
Disabled / MNG
Disabled / Traffic / MNG
ETH 6 (RJ 45)
FE 10 / 100
Disabled / MNG
ETH 7 (RJ 45)
FE 10 / 100
Disabled / MNG
ETH 8 Radio
(N Type)
According to
Licensed fq.
Disabled / Traffic
Disabled / Traffic
ETH
TDM
STM1
AUX
Page 152
AIS
Sync
ETH
TDM
STM1
AUX
AIS
Sync
IP-10G has 16 TDM ports + 16 additional ports when a 2nd T-Card

is installed.
Supported PHYs:
E1
DS1
Dynamic allocation:
Radio bandwidth (which may vary in ACM) is automatically allocated in the
following order:
1. High-priority TDM trails
2. Low-priority TDM trails
3. Ethernet traffic (Data + Management, QoS should be considered)
TDM trails in both sides of a link should have identical priorities.
ETH
TDM
STM1
AUX
AIS
Sync
Standalone IDU
E1/DS1 port #n will be mapped to
radio VC#n (n=1-16).
When Trails are configured, default
mapping (above) is overwritten by Trail
Mapping.
However, if no trails are configured (all
are deleted) system will revert to the
default setting.
g
When Trail is configured and set to
Operational - TDM port is activated.
When Trail is configured but set to
Reserved - TDM port is disabled.
Page 153
ETH
TDM
STM1
AUX
AIS
Sync
Node Site
Up to 180 trails can be configured in a
Shelf / node
The number of Trails mapped to a
radio depends on radio capacity
(MRMC).
The maximum number of radio Trails
is 84
ETH
TDM
STM1
AUX
AIS
Sync
The following configurations are

available:
Admin: Enable / Disable
When interface is disabled:
There is no signal transmission
Received signal is ignored
Trails previously configured to STM-1
interface will get Signal Failure
No alarms will be shown
M t TX:
Mute
TX
Mutes the outgoing STM-1 signal, but
received signal will be used for traffic
Page 154
ETH
TDM
STM1
AUX
AIS
Sync
The following configurations

are available:
Clock source:
This is a reference for the outgoing
STM-1 signal:
Internal Clock
Loop
STM VC
Synch VC
Thi iis th
This
the VC Ch
Channell which
hi h will
ill b
be
used to sync the STM-1 interface
ETH
TDM
STM1
AUX
AIS Signaling in STM interface (V5)
AIS
Sync
The system can be configured to signal

AIS at the VC level (AIS-V) in the V5
byte of the overhead.
This is meant to pro
provide
ide indications to
SDH
multiplexing equipment which may not
have the ability to detect AIS at the
payload level.
For example: signaling in outgoing V5
byte upon AIS detection at payload-level
(E1)
111111111
111111111
AIS @ E1 TS
10
AIS @ STM V5
Page 155
ETH
TDM
STM1
AUX
AIS
Sync
Line TX Protection Mode
STM-1/OC-3 interface transmission

behavior when in protection mode
11
ETH
TDM
STM1
AUX
AIS
Sync
J0 trace identifier is fully supported in

both 15-byte and 1-byte modes:
An alarm will be raised when the expected
string differs from the received string (but
traffic will not be affected).
Transmit, Expected and Received strings are
provided.
If a string is defined and user changes the
length from 15 bytes to 1 byte, the first byte
will be analyzed and other bytes ignored.
The string transmitted as J2 trace identifier is
the Trail ID defined for the TDM trail mapped
to the corresponding VC-12 interface.
12
Page 156
ETH
TDM
STM1
AUX
AIS
Sync
Excessive BER threshold:

Specific for STM-1 interface
Signal degrade threshold:
Specific for STM-1 interface
13
ETH
TDM
STM1
AUX
AIS
Sync
EOW may be used as a simple solution for on-site

communication between two technicians / installers / etc.
14
Page 157
ETH
TDM
STM1
AUX
AIS
Sync
WSC Interface
WSC interface is limited to 1628 bytes.
2.048Mbps (Wide) or 64Kbps (Narrow)
Consumes BW from the total link BW
Out of band Management using WSC:

In this case, remote system is managed using Wayside channel.
On both local & remote units, Wayside channel will be connected to management port
(using cross Ethernet cable).
WSC can be configured to "narrow capacity (~64kbps) or "wide" capacity (~2Mbps).
It is recommended to use wide WSC in order to get better management performance,
since narrow WSC might be too slow.
15
ETH
TDM
STM1
AUX
AIS
Sync
WSC: OOB MNG in a 1+0 standalone link
At least 2 management ports are needed in a local unit:

One port for local management, and 2nd port that will be connected to Wayside port.
On remote unit, Wayside port will be connected to management port.
16
Page 158
ETH
TDM
STM1
AUX
AIS
Sync
WSC: OOB MNG in a 1+1 standalone IDUs
WSC port will be connected in each unit to other

available management port.
In remote site, each unit's Wayside port should be
connected to management port.
17
Active & Standby MNG

ports have 2 options to be
connected to the Host:
Using Ethernet splitter
cable connected to external
switch.
Using Protection "Patch
Panel".
ETH
TDM
STM1
AUX
AIS
Sync
OOB MNG in a 1+1 standalone IDUs (P. Panel)
18
Page 159
ETH
TDM
STM1
AUX
AIS
Sync
This feature allows detection of AIS

signals in TDM traffic arriving from line
interfaces (E1/DS1, STM-1):
In case of detection, the following takes place:

Signal failure is generated at the corresponding trail this will cause the far end not to
receive a signal (including trail ID indications) and the trail status to show signal failure
and trail ID mismatch.
An indication is given to user at the proper interface. Notice that this is not a system
alarm, since the problem originates elsewhere in the Network
19
ETH
TDM
STM1
AUX
AIS
Sync
AIS Signaling in STM interface (VC 12)

In case of signal failure at the trail outgoing from the STM-1
STM 1 interface,
interface AIS
will be transmitted at the payload of the VC-12.
This table is added automatically to

the STM
STM-1
1 page when AIS is
enabled
20
Page 160
ETH
TDM
STM1
AUX
AIS
Sync
The synchronization is used to sync the BTS or other equipment and

not Ceragons equipment
The clock frequency is E1/T1 based*

Up to four clock sources can be defined in a chassis or a node
At any given unit only one interface can be used as synchronization
destination
* There is also an option of 25MHz clock, explained afterwards

21
ETH
TDM
STM1
AUX
S
Sync
S
Source
AIS
Sync
Cl k S
Clock
Source
(Sync Destination)
Clock Distribution
Direction
22
Page 161
ETH
TDM
STM1
AUX
AIS
Sync
Sync Source
Clock Source
(Sync Destination)
Sync Source
Clock Source
(Sync Destination)
Clock Distribution
Direction
23
ETH
TDM
STM1
AUX
AIS
Sync
Here the Sync Source is the E1 #1, this E1 cant be used for traffic
Possible Sync Sources:

TDM Trails
E1/T1 Interfaces
STM-1/OC-3 Interfaces
STM-1/OC-3 VC-11/12s
Radio Channels
Gigabit Ethernet Interfaces*
24
* Supported by specific HW revision
Page 162
ETH
TDM
STM1
AUX
AIS
Sync
Using Synchronization Status Messages (SSM)
In SSM each sync source has quality and priority.

When an IDU require to determine which sync source
to use the decision is based on:
1. Clock Quality
2. Sync Source (Priority) used in identical quality
case
25
ETH
TDM
STM1
AUX
AIS
Sync
The clock quality options are:

Automatic determines the clock quality automatically*
G.811 PRC quality clock (Highest quality)
SSU A G.812 Type I or IV clock
SSU B G.812 Type VI clock
G.813/8262 default clock level (Lowest quality)
DO NOT USE
* Supported by interfaces were SSM is implemented (Radio Port)

26
Page 163
ETH
TDM
STM1
AUX
AIS
Sync
Synchronization mode can be either automatically or

to be forced for a specific interface
In case of a failure in the current sync source

The next sync source is used
In case the failed clock is good again the unit
can revert to it after a certain time period (Sync
source revertive timer
* Supported by interfaces were SSM is implemented (Radio Port)

27
ETH
TDM
STM1
AUX
AIS
Sync
Here the Radio channel is a clock source to the sync
Possible Clock Sources:

E1/T1 Interfaces
STM-1/OC-3 VC-11/12s
Radio Channels
Gigabit Ethernet Interfaces
28
Page 164
ETH
TDM
STM1
AUX
AIS
Sync
PRC Regenerator Mode
Frequency of 25MHz clock is applicable in the following conditions

Hardware revision R3
Single
g Pipe
p operation
p
Ethertnet #1 (GBE) must be enabled
The Ethernet interface is not used as a synchronization source
PRC Regenerator Mode is set to enabled
Single Pipe
29
Thank You
Page 165
Page 166
XC / SNCP / Nodal Solution
Introduction
Page 167
SNCP (ITU- G.805)
Ring topologies provide path protection for Ethernet or TDM signals
In some scenarios additional protection is required
The IP-10G Path-Protection is based on SNCP

(Sub-network Connection Protection)
Individual E1/T1 trails will be protected by defining two separate trails, with the same
end-points, which are routed through two different paths in the network
The end-points may be line interfaces or radio VCs, so partial path protection can
provided for a trail in a network where full p
path redundancy
y topology
p gy is not
be p
available
The end-points are also referred to as branching-points
SNCP (ITU- G.805)
With Wireless SNCP, a backup VC trail

can be optionally defined for each
individual VC trail
Main Path
Protective Path
Page 168

IP-10 IDU can be used as a Standalone unit (1U)
or in as a Nodal Solution
Connecting 2 IDUs requires a nodal enclosure:

Best economical future upgrade
Best flexibility for network designer
Easier to Install / Maintain / expand
The solution is modular and forms a single

unified nodal device:
Common Ethernet Switch
Common E1s Cross Connect
Single IP address
Single element to manage

Up to 6 units can be stacked to form single nodal device
Additional units can be added in the field as required
Additional Nodal enclosures and units can be added in the field as required without
affecting traffic
Multiple
sites
p nodes can be cascades to support
pp large
g aggregation
gg g
Stacking is done using 2RU Nodal enclosures
Each enclosure has 2 slots for hot-swappable 1RU units
Front
Nodal enclosure
Rear
Page 169
Integrated nodal solution Main units

Units located in the bottom Nodal enclosure are acting as the main units
The main unit performs the cross-connect, switching and management functions for
all the units in the node
Mandatory active main unit can be located in any of the 2 slots

Optional standby main unit can be installed in other slot
Switchover time <50msecs for all traffic affecting functions
Integrated
g
Ethernet Switching
g
Integrated TDM cross-connect
Main unit
M
E
Native2
1+1 HSB
Expansion unit
Integrated nodal solution Expansion units

Units located in non-bottom Nodal enclosures are acting as expansion units
All interfaces of the expansion units (radio, TDM and Ethernet) are connected to the
main units
Expansion unit is fully managed through the main units
Radios in each pair of main/expansion units can be configured as either:
Dual independent 1+0 links

Single 1+1 HSB link
Single 2+0/XPIC link
Native2
1+0
Integrated
g
Ethernet Switching
g
Integrated TDM cross-connect
Native2
1+0
E
M
Main unit
Expansion unit
Native2
2+0/XPIC
M
M
Page 170
Native2
1+1 HSB
Trail Configuration Guidelines
XC Trails Guidelines (1)

1. XC Trails can be configured only via Main unit
2 All Trails
2.
T il are transported
t
t d through
th
h main
i unit(s)
it( )
3. When Protection is enabled, configure trails to go via the Active unit
(XC Trails are automatically created on the STBY unit)
4. T-Cards (TDM / SDH) are not hot-swappable, do not extract / insert card
when IDU is powered up
5 Radio VCs must be identical on both sides of the radio link
5.
10
Page 171

5. Creating a TDM trail automatically activates the corresponding TDM port,
therefore an alarm will display next to the relevant T-Card accommodating
the activated port(s)
7. XC Trails can be configured between:
Radio to Line
Line to Radio
Radio to Radio
8. Maximum number of Trails (SNCP Protected Ring) = 180 (per Shelf)

9 Maximum
9.
M i
number
b off T
Trails
il per R
Radio
di = 84
11

Identify Trail interfaces prior to configuration
Note that Trail configuration is Bi-Directional !
IP10
Trail traverses through here:

We shall need to define 2
interfaces
IP10
Bypass
site
Protected Trail
(Automatic)
IP10
Radio Link
12
Page 172
Trail starts here:

For SNCP we shall
need to define 3
interfaces
Trail starts here:

For SNCP we shall
need to define 3
interfaces

Pay attention to the order of configuration:
1
2
The Trail Start/End points should

be configured first (interface #1)
IP10
IP10
3
Bypass
site
Interfaces #2 and #3 can be

configured in a random order
Protected Trail
(Automatic)
2
IP10
1
13
Standalone non-protected Trail Configuration
Page 173
Step #1: Access Trail Page
Click on the Add button
15
Step #2: Configure 1st Interface

Click on the 1st interface connector
In this example we selected the

PDH connector.
Your next step is selecting the PDH
port number.

SDH connector
connector.
Your next step would be selecting
the VC number.
16
Page 174
Step #3: Configure 2nd Interface

Click on the 2nd interface connector

Radio as the next interface
connector.
Your next step would be selecting
the radio channel number.
Alternatively you could choose other combinations as well:

PDH to PDH
PDH to Radio (above)
PDH to SDH
SDH to Radio
SDH to Radio
Radio to SDH
Radio to PDH
17
Step #4: Configure Trail Attributes

Make sure Trail ID is unique and identical on all sites/trails
18
Page 175
Step #5: Trail Verification

If your settings are correct, trail alarms should disappear, trail path is ready to be tested
19
SNCP Trail Configuration in a Node
Page 176
Selecting Main IDU for Trail Configuration

In the following example we assume every node has 2 IDUs installed in a
Main Enclosure
Make sure your Main unit is selected on every Node-EMS
Enable Protection when you configure the Trails (excluding Bypass Nodes)
Trail ID should unique and identical on all nodes
21
SNCP Trail in Nodal Architecture

PDH interface
Bypass
Node
IP10
IP10
IP10
SDH interface
22
Page 177
1st Node
PDH interface
IP10
IP10
Bypass
site
Radio CH #1
Radio CH #26
IP10
SDH iinterface
t f
#1
23
Bypass Node
PDH interface
Radio CH #48
IP10
Bypass
Node
IP10
Radio CH #1
IP10
SDH iinterface
t f
24
Page 178
3rd Node
Radio CH #48
PDH interface
IP10
Bypass
site
IP10
Radio CH #26
IP10
SDH interface
25
Radio Capacity Calculation
Page 179
Radio & PDH Capacity VS. Channel

Ethernet capacity (a.k.a. Ethernet L1 capacity) - Total bit rate from an
Ethernet user port. Taking into account the full Ethernet frame including the
IFG and
d preamble
bl fifields.
ld Eth
Ethernett capacity
it iis sometimes
ti
referred
f
d tto as ""portt
utilization rate".
Ethernet L2 capacity - Total bit rate of net Ethernet frames running over
the Ethernet user port. Taking into account the Ethernet frame without the
IFG and preamble fields.
Radio throughput
g p - Total bit rate supported
pp
by
y the radio link running
g in a
specific channel/modulation including radio frame overhead, etc.
27

(figures refer to ETSI + MAC Header Compression Enabled)
3.5 MHz
P fil
Profile
M d l ti
Modulation
Mi i
Minimum
M # off Ethernet
Max
Eth
t capacity
it
Eth
Ethernet
t L2
required capacity supported
(Mbps)
capacity (Mbps)
license
E1s
10
4
13.60
10.36
25
6
20.14
15.35
Frames per
F
seconds
2
4
16 QAM
64 QAM
Minimum
Max # of Ethernet capacity
Ethernet L2
(Mbps)
capacity (Mbps)
license
E1s
QPSK
10
4
13 42
13.42
10 23
10.23
8 PSK
25
6
20.18
15.38
16 QAM
25
8
27.87
21.24
32 QAM
25
10
34.48
26.27
64 QAM
25
12
40.44
30.81
128 QAM
50
13
46.60
35.50
256 QAM
50
16
54.53
41.55
256 QAM
50
17
57.38
43.72
Frames per
seconds
20233.77
29974.03
R di
Radio
Throughput
(Mbps)
10.50
15.00
7 MHz
Profile
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
28
Modulation
Page 180
19976 45
19976.45
30034.94
41475.26
51304.87
60175.21
69339.64
81151.77
85389.21
Radio
Throughput
(Mbps)
10 38
10.38
15.03
20.31
24.85
28.95
33.19
38.64
40.60

14 MHz
Profile
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Modulation
Minimum
Number of Ethernet capacity
Ethernet L2
required capacity support E1s
(Mbps)
capacity (Mbps)
license
QPSK
25
8
28.90
22.02
8 PSK
25
12
40.90
31.16
16 QAM
50
18
60.36
45.99
32 QAM
50
20
70.35
53.60
64 QAM
50
24
81.78
62.31
128 QAM
100
29
98.43
74.99
256 QAM
100
34
115.15
87.73
256 QAM
100
37
124.52
94.87
Frames per
seconds
43001.18
60857.98
89823.89
104693.80
121693.09
146471.17
171347.98
185297.74
Radio
Throughput
(Mbps)
21.02
29.27
42.65
49.52
57.37
68.82
80.31
86.76
28 MHz
Profile
Modulation Minimum required Number of Ethernet capacity

Ethernet L2
capacity
it lilicense supportt E1s
E1
(Mb )
(Mbps)
capacity
it (Mb
(Mbps))
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
QPSK
8 PSK
16 QAM
32 QAM
64 QAM
128 QAM
256 QAM
256 QAM
50
50
100
100
150
150
200
200
17
23
33
44
55
68
76
80
57.86
77.86
111.32
150.76
187.55
228.81
254.71
268.45
44.08
59.32
84.81
114.87
142.90
174.33
194.07
204.53
Frames per
seconds
d
86099.43
115860.75
165648.63
224346.79
279093.55
340488.46
379034.79
399476.94
Radio
Throughput
Th
h t
(Mbps)
40.93
54.68
77.68
104.80
130.09
158.46
176.27
185.71
29

40 MHz
Profile
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Modulation
Minimum
Ethernet L2
(Mbps)
capacity (Mbps)
license
QPSK
50
23
79 64
79.64
60 68
60.68
8 PSK
100
35
119.11
90.75
16 QAM
100
51
174.14
132.68
32 QAM
150
65
218.49
166.47
64 QAM
150
81
273.67
208.51
128 QAM
200
84
305.49
232.76
256 QAM
200
84
346.84
264.26
256 QAM
300
84
369.96
281.87
Frames per
seconds
118506 13
118506.13
177239.65
259136.72
325132.27
407254.05
454605.63
516135.41
550529.12
Radio
Throughput
(Mbps)
55 90
55.90
83.04
120.87
151.36
189.30
211.18
239.61
255.50
56 MHz
Profile
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
30
Modulation
Minimum
Ethernet L2
required
i d capacity
it supportt E1s
E1
(Mb )
(Mbps)
capacity
it (Mb
(Mbps))
license
QPSK
100
32
108.86
82.94
8 PSK
100
48
163.37
124.48
16 QAM
150
64
216.60
165.03
32 QAM
200
84
288.50
219.81
64 QAM
300
84
358.49
273.14
128 QAM
300
84
430.43
327.95
256 QAM
400
84
489.77
373.16
256 QAM
400
84
531.82
405.20
Page 181
Frames per
seconds
d
161994.37
243116.10
322318.52
429314.58
533473.73
640527.34
728824.51
791403.86
Radio
Throughput
Th
h t
(Mbps)
75.99
113.47
150.06
199.50
247.62
297.08
337.87
366.78
Radio & PDH Capacity VS. Channel - FCC

10MHz
ACM
Point
Modulation
# of
E1s
Ethernet
Capacity
(Mbps)
ACM
Point
Modulation
# of
E1s
Ethernet
Capacity
(Mbps)
QPSK
13 18
QPSK
16
28 - 40
8 PSK
10
19 27
8 PSK
22
39 - 56
57 - 81
16 QAM
16
28 40
16 QAM
32
32 QAM
18
32 46
32 QAM
38
67 - 96
64 QAM
24
42 61
64 QAM
52
93 - 133
128 QAM
28
50 71
128 QAM
58
102 - 146
256 QAM
30
54 78
256 QAM
67
118 - 169
256 QAM
33
60 85
256 QAM
73
129 - 185
30MHz
ACM
Point
20MHz
40MHz
Modulation
# of
E1s
Ethernet
Capacity
(Mbps)
ACM
Point
50MHz
Modulation
# of
E1s
Ethernet
Capacity
(Mbps)
ACM
Point
Modulation
# of
E1s
Ethernet
Capacity
(Mbps)
QPSK
Q
22
39 - 55
QPSK
31
56 - 80
QPSK
37
3
65 - 93
8 PSK
35
62 - 89
8 PSK
46
82 - 117
8 PSK
59
105 - 150
16 QAM
52
93 - 133
16 QAM
69
122 - 174
16 QAM
74
131 - 188
32 QAM
68
120 - 171
32 QAM
84
153 - 219
32 QAM
84
167 - 239
64 QAM
80
142 - 202
64 QAM
84
188 - 269
64 QAM
84
221 - 315
128 QAM
84
164 - 235
128 QAM
84
214 - 305
128 QAM
84
264 - 377
256 QAM
84
185 - 264
256 QAM
84
239 - 342
256 QAM
84
313 - 448
256 QAM
84
204 - 292
256 QAM
84
262 - 374
256 QAM
84
337 - 482
Ethernet capacity depends on average packet size

31
Thank You
Page 182
Mean Square Error (MSE)
Agenda
Definition
E
Example
l
MSE & ACM
MSE values at 56MHz (case study)
MSE values at 28MHz (case study)
Troubleshooting examples
2
Page 183
Introduction
MSE - Definition
MSE is used to quantify the difference between an estimated (expected)

value and the true value of the quantity being estimated
MSE measures the average of the squared errors:
MSE is an aggregated error by which the expected value differs from the
quantity to be estimated.
The difference occurs because of randomness or because the receiver
does not account for information that could produce a more accurate
estimated RSL
4
Page 184
To simplify.
Imagine a production line where a machine needs to insert one part

into the other
Both devices must perfectly match
Let us assume the width has to be 10mm wide
We took a few of parts and measured them to see how many can
fit in.
5
The Errors Histogram

(Gaussian probability distribution function)
9
Quantity
Expected value
3
3
width
6mm 7mm 10mm 12mm
16mm
To evaluate how accurate our machine is, we need to know how many parts differ
from the expected value
9 parts were perfectly OK
6
Page 185
The difference from Expected value

Quantity
Error = 0 mm
Error = + 2 mm
Error = - 3 mm
Error = + 6 mm
Error = - 4 mm
width
6mm 7mm
10mm 12mm
16mm
To evaluate the inaccuracy (how sever the situation is) we measure how much the
errors differ from expected value
7
Giving bigger differences more weight than

smaller differences
Quantity
Error = 0 mm
+ 2 mm = 4
-3 mm = 9
- 4 mm = 16
+ 6 mm = 36
width
6mm 7mm 10mm 12mm
16mm
We convert all errors to absolute values and then we square them

The squared values give bigger differences more weight than smaller differences,
resulting in a more powerful statistics tool:
16cm parts are 36 units away than 2cm parts which are only 4 units away
8
Page 186
Calculating MSE
Error = 0 mm
Quantity
+ 2 mm = 4
-3 mm = 9
- 4 mm = 16
+ 6 mm = 36
width
To evaluate the total errors, we sum all the squared errors and take the average:
16 + 9 + 0 + 4 + 36 = 65, Average (MSE) = 13
The bigger the errors (differences) >> the bigger MSE becomes
9
Calculating MSE
MSE determines how narrow / wide the Bell is
Quantity
width
10mm
When MSE is very small the Bell shaped histogram is closer to perfect
condition (straight line): errors = ~ 0
10
Page 187
MSE in digital modulation (Radios)

Let us use QPSK (4QAM) as an
example:
QPSK = 2 bits per symbol
01
00
2 possible states for I signal
2 possible states for Q signal
11
= 4 possible states for the

combined signal
The graph shows the expected

values (constellation) of the
received signal (RSL)
10
11

The black dots represent the
expected values (constellation)
of the received signal (RSL)
Q
01
00
The blue dots represent the
actual RSL
11
10
As indicated in the previous

example we can say that the
example,
bigger the errors are the
harder it becomes for the
receiver to detect & recover the
transmitted signal
12
Page 188
Q
01
00
MSE would be the average

errors of e1 + e2 + e3 + e4.
e1
e2
I
4
e4
When MSE is very small the

actual signal is very close to
the expected signal
e3
11
10
13
Q
01
00
When MSE is too big, the

actual signal (amplitude &
phase) is too far from the
expected signal
e1
e2
I
4
e4
11
e3
10
14
Page 189
Using MSE
Commissioning with MSE in EMS
When you commission your

radio link
link, make sure your MSE
is small (-37dB)
Actual values may be read

-34dB to -35dB
Bigger values (-18dB) will

result in loss of signal
16
Page 190
MSE and ACM

When the errors is too big, we need
a stronger error correction
(
)
mechanism (FEC)
Therefore, we reduce the number
of bits per symbol allocated for data
and re-assign the extra bits for
correction instead
For example
256QAM has
h greatt capacity
it but
b t
poor immune to noise
64QAM has less capacity but much
better immune for noise
ACM Adaptive Code Modulation
17
Triggering ACM with MSE

When ACM is enabled, MSE values are analyzed on each side of the link
When MSE degrades or improves, the system applies the required
modulation per radio to maintain service
ACM 28MHz, MSE [-dB]:
Profile
Mod
QPSK
8PSK
16QAM
32QAM
64QAM
128QAM
256QAM
256QAM
Downgrade ACM Profile

10-6 Threshold when MSE reaches
6.9
11
13.3
18
20
24.4
25
28
10.4
14.5
16.8
21.5
23.5
27.9
28.5
31.5
18
Page 191
Upgrade ACM Profile

when MSE reaches
11.9
16
18.3
23
25
29.4
30
33
Optimal
>30
>30
>30
>30
>30
>33
>35
>35

When ACM is enabled, MSE values are analyzed on each side of the link
When MSE degrades or improves, the system applies the required
modulation per radio to maintain service
ACM 56MHz, MSE [-dB]:
Profile
Mod
QPSK
8PSK
16QAM
32QAM
64QAM
128QAM
256QAM
256QAM

10-6 Threshold when MSE reaches
6.7
12
13.1
17 3
17.3
19.6
22.6
25
27.5
Upgrade ACM Profile

when MSE reaches
10.2
15.5
16.6
20 8
20.8
23.1
26.1
28.5
31
11.7
17
18.1
22 3
22.3
24.6
27.6
30
32.5
Optimal
>30
>30
>30
>30
>30
>33
>35
>35
19

Lets analyze the figures in the table below (we shall focus on the last line):
1.
2.
3
3.
4.
When the radio is in optimal conditions, MSE is near -35dB

When MSE drops below -27.5dB, we will experience high BER
To avoid High BER we change the profile when MSE reaches -31dB
Now that the radio is @ profile 6, the MSE must improve to -32.5 to recover
high capacity (profile 7)
Profile

Modulation 10-6 Threshold when MSE reaches
QPSK
8PSK
16QAM
32QAM
64QAM
128QAM
256QAM
256QAM
6.7
12
13.1
17.3
19.6
22.6
25
27.5
Upgrade ACM Profile

when MSE reaches
10.2
15.5
16.6
20.8
23.1
26.1
28.5
31
5 dB security window
20
Page 192
11.7
17
18.1
22.3
24.6
27.6
30
32.5
Optimal
>30
>30
>30
>30
>30
>33
>35
>35
ACM & MSE: Another approach

In this graph we refer to a 56MHz channel. It is easier to observe the
hysteresis of changing the ACM profile with respect to measured MSE.
As you can see,
see the radio remains @ profile 6 till MSE improves to -32.5dB:
32 5dB:
ACM
Profile
32.5
30
Profile7
Profile6
Profile5
Profile4Profile3Profile2Profile1Profile0
MSE
3128.526.123.120.816.6 15.510.2
21
ACM & MSE: Another approach

When RF signal degrades and MSE passes the upgrade point (MSE @ red point), ACM will
switch back FASTER to a higher profile (closer to an upgrade point) when MSE improves.
When RF signal degrades and MSE does not pass the upgrade point (green point) ACM
waits
it till MSE improves
i
to
t the
th point
i t off nextt available
il bl upgrade
d point
i t (takes
(t k longer
l
time
ti
to
t
switch back to the higher profile).
ACM
Profile
32.5
Profile7
30
Profile6
Profile5
3128.526.1
22
Page 193
MSE
Troubleshooting wrong modulation

When different settings of Modulation are set, MSE will be showing 99.99dB (Modulation Mismatch):
RSL = ~ (-45) dBm

MSE = -99.99 dB
RSL = ~ (-45) dBm

MSE = -99.99 dB
23
Thank You
Page 194
Adaptive Code & Modulation (ACM)
FibeAir IP-10s Key Feature

IP-10 utilizes a unique Adaptive Coding & Modulation (ACM)
odu at o range:
a ge Q
QPSK
S - 256QAM
56Q
Modulation
Modulation changes to maintain link when radio signal degrades

Mechanism automatically recovers to max. configured modulation when
received signal improves
Optimized for mobile backhaul all-IP and TDM-to-IP migration

2
Page 195
Adaptive Coding and Modulation

Utilize highest possible modulation considering the changing environmental
conditions
Hitless & errorless switchover between modulation schemes

Maximize spectrum usage - Increased capacity over given bandwidth
Service differentiation with improved SLA
Increased capacity and availability
Adaptive Coding and Modulation
Voice & real time

services
Non-real time
services
Weak
FEC
Strong
FEC
When we engineer our services, we may assign certain services to

highest priority
Page 196
ACM & SLA

When ACM is enabled and link degrades, highest priority services are
maintained
200Mbps
256QAM
Premium
112Mbps
32QAM
Silvver
128QAM
BestEffort
170Mbps
The above diagram shows an example when 28MHz is used

5
IP-10 Enhanced ACM Support

8 modulation/coding working points (~3dB system gain for each point
change)
Hit-less and Error-less modulation/coding changes based on signal

quality
li
Throughput per radio carrier:

10 to 50 Mbps @ 7MHz Channel
25 to 100 Mbps @ 14MHz Channel
45 to 220 Mbps @ 28 MHz Channel
p @ 56 MHz Channel
90 to 500 Mbps
MSE is analyzed to trigger ACM

modulation changes
Zero downtime - A must for mission-critical services
6
Page 197
IP-10 Enhanced radio capacity for Ethernet traffic

Intelligent Ethernet header compression mechanism (patent pending)
Improved effective Ethernet throughput by up to 45%
No affect on user traffic
Ethernet
packet size (bytes)
Capacity increase by
compression
64
45%
96
29%
128
22%
256
11%
512
5%
IP-10 Native2 radio dynamic capacity allocation

Example: 28MHz channel bandwidth
Example
Modulation
32QAM
128QAM
256QAM
All Ethernet
112Mbps
170Mbps
200Mbps
20 E1s + Ethernet
20 E1s + 66Mbps
20 E1s + 123Mbps 20 E1s + 154Mbps
44 E1s + Ethernet
44 E1s + 10Mbps
44 E1s + 67Mbps
44 E1s + 98Mbps
66 E1s + Ethernet
66 E1s + 15Mbps
66 E1s + 47Mbps
75 E1s + Ethernet
Example
traffic mix
Page 198
75 E1s + 25Mbps
Traffic Prioritization
When ACM is enabled and link degrades, there are 3 scenarios that might
apply based on the configuration
ScenarioI
ScenarioII
ScenarioIII
(Default)
1st Priority
TDMHighPriority
EthernetHighPriority
TDMHighPriority
2nd Priority
HighTDMover
HighEthernet
TDMHighPriority
TDM
TDMLowPriority
3rd Priority
P i it
TDM L P i it
TDMLowPriority
TDMLowPriority
TDM
L P i it
TDM
4th Priority
EthernetLowPriority
EthernetLowPriority
HighEthernet
over
over
Ethernett
Eth
Ethernet
High TDM over High Ethernet Scenario I

In this scenario the QoS drops the traffic as
follows:
1. Ethernet traffic with low priority discarded first
ScenarioI
1st Priority
TDMHighPriority
2nd Priority
3rd Priority
P i it
TDM L P i it
TDMLowPriority
4th Priority
EthernetLowPriority
10
2. TDM trails with low priority discarded second

3. Ethernet traffic with high priority discarded
third
4. TDM High priority traffic is dropped according
to order of configuration
Page 199
High Ethernet over TDM Scenario II

In this scenario the QoS drops the traffic as follows:
1. Ethernet traffic with low priority discarded first
3 TDM trails with high priority
3.
discarded third
4. Ethernet traffic
with high
priority
discarded last
ScenarioII
1st Priority
2nd Priority
TDMHighPriority
3rd Priority
P i it
TDM L P i it
TDMLowPriority
4th Priority
EthernetLowPriority
11
Traffic Prioritization
In this scenario the QoS drops the traffic as
follows:
1
1. Ethernet traffic discarded first
ScenarioIII

3. TDM High priority traffic is dropped
according to order of configuration
12
1st Priority
TDMHighPriority
2nd Priority
TDMLowPriority
3rd Priority
P i it
Eth
Ethernet
t
Page 200
(Default)
Traffic Prioritization - Configuration

Two parmeters required to be configured
1. The traffic priority scheme, as described earlier
2. High priority Ethernet BW amount, defines the portion of the High priority
Ethernet traffic (equivalent to CIR)
13
ACM Working Boundaries

Link capacity is determined according to License and applied script
ACM Script consists of Channel BW, max. Capacity and Modulation
Highest modem script is applied using MRMC configuration window
When Automatic State Propagation is enabled, GbE (SFP) port can be
configured to shutdown when ACM is below a pre-defined script
14
Page 201
Radio Capacity Calculation

Ethernet capacity (a.k.a. Ethernet L1 capacity) - Total bit rate from an
Ethernet user port. Taking into account the full Ethernet frame including the
IFG and
d preamble
bl fifields.
ld Eth
Ethernett capacity
it iis sometimes
ti
referred
f
d tto as ""portt
utilization rate".
Ethernet L2 capacity - Total bit rate of net Ethernet frames running over
the Ethernet user port. Taking into account the Ethernet frame without the
IFG and preamble fields.
Radio throughput
g p - Total bit rate supported
pp
by
y the radio link running
g in a
specific channel/modulation including radio frame overhead, etc.
16
Page 202

3.5 MHz
P fil
Profile
M d l ti
Modulation
Mi i
Minimum
M # off Ethernet
Max
Eth
t capacity
it
Eth
Ethernet
t L2
(Mbps)
capacity (Mbps)
license
E1s
10
4
13.60
10.36
25
6
20.14
15.35
Frames per
F
seconds
2
4
16 QAM
64 QAM
Minimum
Max # of Ethernet capacity
Ethernet L2
(Mbps)
capacity (Mbps)
license
E1s
QPSK
10
4
13 42
13.42
10 23
10.23
8 PSK
25
6
20.18
15.38
16 QAM
25
8
27.87
21.24
32 QAM
25
10
34.48
26.27
64 QAM
25
12
40.44
30.81
128 QAM
50
13
46.60
35.50
256 QAM
50
16
54.53
41.55
256 QAM
50
17
57.38
43.72
Frames per
seconds
20233.77
29974.03
R di
Radio
Throughput
(Mbps)
10.50
15.00
7 MHz
Profile
Modulation
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
17
19976 45
19976.45
30034.94
41475.26
51304.87
60175.21
69339.64
81151.77
85389.21
Radio
Throughput
(Mbps)
10 38
10.38
15.03
20.31
24.85
28.95
33.19
38.64
40.60

14 MHz
Profile
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Modulation
Minimum
Ethernet L2
(Mbps)
capacity (Mbps)
license
QPSK
25
8
28.90
22.02
8 PSK
25
12
40.90
31.16
16 QAM
50
18
60.36
45.99
32 QAM
50
20
70.35
53.60
64 QAM
50
24
81.78
62.31
128 QAM
100
29
98.43
74.99
256 QAM
100
34
115.15
87.73
256 QAM
100
37
124.52
94.87
Frames per
seconds
43001.18
60857.98
89823.89
104693.80
121693.09
146471.17
171347.98
185297.74
Radio
Throughput
(Mbps)
21.02
29.27
42.65
49.52
57.37
68.82
80.31
86.76
28 MHz
Profile
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
18
Modulation Minimum required Number of Ethernet capacity

Ethernet L2
capacity
it lilicense supportt E1s
E1
(Mb )
(Mbps)
capacity
it (Mb
(Mbps))
QPSK
8 PSK
16 QAM
32 QAM
64 QAM
128 QAM
256 QAM
256 QAM
50
50
100
100
150
150
200
200
17
23
33
44
55
68
76
80
57.86
77.86
111.32
150.76
187.55
228.81
254.71
268.45
Page 203
44.08
59.32
84.81
114.87
142.90
174.33
194.07
204.53
Frames per
seconds
d
86099.43
115860.75
165648.63
224346.79
279093.55
340488.46
379034.79
399476.94
Radio
Throughput
Th
h t
(Mbps)
40.93
54.68
77.68
104.80
130.09
158.46
176.27
185.71

40 MHz
Profile
Modulation
Minimum
Ethernet L2
(Mbps)
capacity (Mbps)
license
QPSK
50
23
79 64
79.64
60 68
60.68
8 PSK
100
35
119.11
90.75
16 QAM
100
51
174.14
132.68
32 QAM
150
65
218.49
166.47
64 QAM
150
81
273.67
208.51
128 QAM
200
84
305.49
232.76
256 QAM
200
84
346.84
264.26
256 QAM
300
84
369.96
281.87
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Frames per
seconds
118506 13
118506.13
177239.65
259136.72
325132.27
407254.05
454605.63
516135.41
550529.12
Radio
Throughput
(Mbps)
55 90
55.90
83.04
120.87
151.36
189.30
211.18
239.61
255.50
56 MHz
Profile
Modulation
Minimum
Ethernet L2
required
i d capacity
it supportt E1s
E1
(Mb )
(Mbps)
capacity
it (Mb
(Mbps))
license
QPSK
100
32
108.86
82.94
8 PSK
100
48
163.37
124.48
16 QAM
150
64
216.60
165.03
32 QAM
200
84
288.50
219.81
64 QAM
300
84
358.49
273.14
128 QAM
300
84
430.43
327.95
256 QAM
400
84
489.77
373.16
256 QAM
400
84
531.82
405.20
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
19
Frames per
seconds
d
161994.37
243116.10
322318.52
429314.58
533473.73
640527.34
728824.51
791403.86
Radio
Throughput
Th
h t
(Mbps)
75.99
113.47
150.06
199.50
247.62
297.08
337.87
366.78
Radio & PDH Capacity VS. Channel - FCC

10MHz
ACM
Point
Modulation
# of
E1s
Ethernet
Capacity
(Mbps)
Modulation
# of
E1s
Ethernet
Capacity
(Mbps)
QPSK
13 18
QPSK
16
28 - 40
8 PSK
10
19 27
8 PSK
22
39 - 56
57 - 81
16 QAM
16
28 40
16 QAM
32
32 QAM
18
32 46
32 QAM
38
67 - 96
64 QAM
24
42 61
64 QAM
52
93 - 133
128 QAM
28
50 71
128 QAM
58
102 - 146
256 QAM
30
54 78
256 QAM
67
118 - 169
256 QAM
33
60 85
256 QAM
73
129 - 185
40MHz
Modulation
# of
E1s
Ethernet
Capacity
(Mbps)
ACM
Point
50MHz
Modulatio
n
# of
E1s
Ethernet
Capacity
(Mbps)
ACM
Point
Modulation
# of
E1s
Ethernet
Capacity
(Mbps)
QPSK
Q
22
39 - 55
QPSK
31
56 - 80
QPSK
37
3
65 - 93
8 PSK
35
62 - 89
8 PSK
46
82 - 117
8 PSK
59
105 - 150
16 QAM
52
93 - 133
16 QAM
69
122 - 174
16 QAM
74
131 - 188
32 QAM
68
120 - 171
32 QAM
84
153 - 219
32 QAM
84
167 - 239
64 QAM
80
142 - 202
64 QAM
84
188 - 269
64 QAM
84
221 - 315
128 QAM
84
164 - 235
128 QAM
84
214 - 305
128 QAM
84
264 - 377
256 QAM
84
185 - 264
256 QAM
84
239 - 342
256 QAM
84
313 - 448
256 QAM
84
204 - 292
256 QAM
84
262 - 374
256 QAM
84
337 - 482
Ethernet capacity depends on average packet size

20
ACM
Point
30MHz
ACM
Point
20MHz
Page 204
Thank You
Page 205
Page 206
1+1 HSB Protection
Agenda
WhatisProtection?
General Guidelines
GeneralGuidelines
ProtectionPanel
IntroductiontoExternalProtection
IntroductiontoShelfProtection
FloatingIP
EMSGUIConfiguration
External Protection Process: 1+1 from scratch
ExternalProtectionProcess:1+1fromscratch
ExternalProtectionProcess:Upgrading1+0to1+1
Troubleshooting
Page 207
What is Protection?
A method of using one or more devices in a

standby mode in order to have a secondary
li k up when
link
h ffailure
il
occurred
d tto th
the active
ti lilink
k
In order to achieve a full protected link each

and every device should be protected
The number of multiplied devices depends on

the link importance
The process of keeping (something or someone) safe

Wikipedia.com
Everybody needs Protection
General Guidelines
1. A Standby IDU is referred to as the Mate
2. When a switchover occurs, the Active IDU becomes Standby and the
Standby
Standby IDU becomes Active
Active
3. Accessing a Mate IDU can only be done via the Active IDU
4. Accessing the "Active" IDUs is achieved via unique IP addresses or via
Floating IP (supported only with IP-10G)
5. Y-Split cables must be used for Ethernet signals
6. ETH Cross Cable* (Protection Cable) is used to connect the protection ports
of both IDUs:
With IP-10 - use ports number 4
With IP-10G in a standalone mode use the dedicated PROT port
* Unless units are in chassis
4
Page 208
External Protection
Achieved by using two standalone IDUs
The IDUs must be connected by an Ethernet Cross cable (dedicated protection ports)
Each
E h IDU mustt h
have a unique
i
IP address
dd
Protection for interfaces is done by:
E1 Y-Cable
GbE Optical Y-Cable
FE Y-Calbe
high
low
Coupler
Coupler
high
low
Shelf Protection
When enabling a Shelf Protection, the following rules should be applied:
Shelf backplane replaces the external Protection Cable
Never insert or extract an IDU while powered up
Always secure IDUs to shelf enclosure with provided screws
Protection can be enabled in each pair (1+2, 3+4, 5+6)
IDU in slot 1 & 2 must have a unique IP address
6 Mate
Standalone
5 Active
Example:
4 Mate
4
Mate
Standalone
3 Active
2Mate
Standalone
1Active
Protected node
6
Unprotected site
Page 209
Floating IP
The Floating IP address feature is meant to provide a single IP address that will
always give direct access to the current active main unit.
1.
2
2.
3.
4.
The Floating IP and Unique IDU IPs must be in the same subnet
The Floating IP and Unique IDU IPs are user
user-configurable
configurable
The Floating IP is copied from Active to Mate (following Copy to Mate command)
When Protection is applied, the Floating IP is assigned to the STBY IDU which
becomes the Active
5. The extension IPs are irrelevant (unseen by network)
6. OSS & NMS can access all IDUs (Main and Extension) via SNMP
7. Alternatively, users may access any of the units using their local IP addresses
IDU
192.168.1.100
IDU
192.168.1.75
192.168.1.72
192.168.1.71
IDU
Configuring external 1+1 from scratch
Page 210
Configuring external 1+1 from scratch (1)

1. Set all IDUs to factory defaults
2. When IDUs complete
p
the booting
g sequence,
q
, verify:
y
All IDUs have the same HW version (same P/N)

All IDUs have the same SW version
All IDUs have the same license
Every IDU has unique IP address (within the same subnet)
Active and STBY have the same SW mode (Pipe / Managed / Metro)
All IDUs have the same Management mode (In band or OOB)
In case of In-Band, all IDUs have the same In-Band VID
Note:
The IDU, which is connected to the ODU fed by the lower
attenuation channel of the RF coupler, is the IDU that should be
selected as "Active.
9

3. Install the first link (make sure radio is up)
ODU
ODU
4. Enable Protection on both IDUs (management will be lost for 60 sec)

5. Lock Protection on both IDUs (to avoid unnecessary switchover when second IDU is
enabled)
6. Install second IDU in each site (no need to configure it)
10
ODU
ODU
ODU
ODU
Page 211

7. Enable protection in second IDU in each site
8. Connect ETH Cross Cable between both protection ports
ODU
ODU
ODU
ODU
9. Disconnect the MNG cables

10. Connect the PC to IDUs via ETH Y-Cable:
ODU
ODU
ODU
ODU
11

11. Verify Active IDU shows Mates IP address
12. Verify there are no Mate Communication failures
13. Complete system setup by configuring Active IDU
14. In Active IDU: click Copy to Mate and verify Mate is restarting
15. Verify there are no Configuration Mismatch alarms
16. Unlock protection on Active IDUs
17. Initiate Manual Switchover / Forced Switchover: verify traffic is OK.
12
Page 212
EMS GUI
EMS GUI
1. Configure unique IPs to slot 1 and slot 2 (when not in installed in shelf)
2. You may use a floating IP
3. Make sure all IPs are in the same subnet
14
Page 213
EMS GUI
Select 1+1 HSB and then click Apply

The IDU will block management for 60 seconds to allow
setting up the correct mode (Active or STBY)
This action is not traffic effective
effective.
15
EMS GUI
Protection
mode
status
When2nd IDUis
properly
configuredand
connected,IP
andMACare
displayedhere
16
Page 214
EMS GUI
Clickheretocheck
communication
withSTBYunit
17
EMS GUI
AdminStateLock
Toforceaswitchover
regardlessto2nd IDU
qualifyingstatus
changetoONandclick
Apply
18
Page 215
EMS GUI
Torequestaswitchover
clickhere.
If2nd IDU(Mate)doesnotqualifytoActivestate,
requestisignored.
19
EMS GUI
Clickheretocopytheconfigurationfrom
ActivetoMate
Pleasenote
Thefollowingparametersarenot copied:
MNGmode(InBand/OOB)
InBandVLAN
In Band VLAN
Switchmode
license
20
Page 216
Upgrading (1+0) to (1+1)

1. Assuming 1st link operates well, configure the 2nd IDUs to match Active IDUs:
2nd IDUs has the same HW version as Active IDU

2nd IDU has the same SW version as Active IDU
2nd IDU has the same license as Active IDU
2nd IDU has unique IP address (different than Actives IP)
2nd IDU has the same switch mode as Active IDU
2nd IDU has the same Management mode (In band or OOB)
In case of In-Band, 2nd IDU has the same In-Band VID as Active IDU
2nd IDU is configured with the same radio parameters as Active IDU
Mute transmission on 2nd IDUs
Active Link:
ODU
ODU
ODU
ODU
Standby Link (not connected)
22
Page 217

2. Enable Protection on Active IDUs (management will be lost for 60 sec)
3. Lock Protection on both Active IDUs ((to avoid unnecessaryy switchover when 2nd IDU is
enabled)
4. Install 2nd IDU in each site (verify TX is muted before physical installation)
ODU
ODU
ODU
ODU
23

5. Enable protection in 2nd IDU in each site
6. Connect ETH Cross Cable between both protection ports
ODU
ODU
ODU
ODU
7. Disconnect the MNG cables.

8. Connect the PC to IDUs via ETH Y-Cable
24
Page 218

9. Verify Active IDU shows Mates IP address
10. Verify there are no Mate Communication failures
11. Complete system setup by configuring Active IDU
12. In Active IDU: click Copy to Mate and verify Mate is restarting
13. Verify there are no Configuration Mismatch alarms
14. Unlock protection on Active IDUs
15. Initiate Manual Switchover / Forced Switchover: verify traffic is OK.
25
1+1 With Diversity
Page 219
Using Space Diversity

Two are better than One
As the equipment is doubled, we can use

the standby unit to receive the signal as
wellll
The baseband signal, after demodulation,

is transferred to the active IDU
The active IDU decides whether to use is

own signal or the signal received by the
standby unit
Valid only in a shelf installation
27
Space Diversity
IDU 1 is active and IDU 2 is standby
IDU A is active and IDU B is standby
Both
B th IDU A and
d IDU B receives
i
th
the signal
i
l off IDU 1
IDU B demodulates the signal and transfer the bits to IDU A
IDU A decides whether to use the bits arrived from IDU B or is own received
demodulated bits
IDU 1
IDU A
ODU
ODU
ODU
ODU
IDU 2
28
IDU B
Page 220
Frequency Diversity
IDU 1 is active and IDU 2 is standby
Both IDU transmit on, each one on different frequency
IDU A receives
i
signal
i
l off IDU 1 and
d IDU B receives
i
signal
i
l off IDU 2
IDU B demodulates the signal and transfer the bits to IDU A
IDU A decides whether to use the bits arrived from IDU B or is own received
demodulated bits
IDU 1
IDU A
ODU
ODU
ODU
ODU
IDU 2
29
IDU B
Line Protection
Page 221
Line Protection
Enables protection on the line interfaces (both Ethernet and Trails)
Protects both Electrical and Optical Ethernet interfaces
Line protection is Suitable for Multi-Radio (2+0) links
When using electrical GbE Multi Unit LAG should be used
For Ethernet traffic the link is 2+0
For TDM traffic the link is 1+1
31
FibeAir IP-10G/E
Highly flexible redundancy options
Full protection
using splitter +LAG
(For switch mode)
HW protection with Single interface

using optical splitter
2+0/1+1
2+0/1+1
2+0/1+1
GE
GE
Optical
splitter
Full protection
using Multi-Unit LAG
(For Smart-pipe mode)
GE
GE
GE
GE
Optical
splitters
Static
LAG
Static
LAG
Switch/Router
Switch/Router
Switch/Router
Flexible Line protection, completely independent from Radio

configuration
32
Page 222
IP-10G/E Multi-Unit LAG

IDU/Radio protection with dual (redundant) GE interface
2+0/1+1
Dual (redundant) GE/FE (Optical or Electrical) interfaces

to the Switch/Router
One GE/FE interface is connected to each of the IP-10G/E units

Both interfaces are active/enabled
GE
GE
Static Link Aggregation Group (or equivalent) needs to be
configured on the Switch/Router interfaces connected to
Static
LAG
the IP-10G/E units
GE/FE Interfaces towards the Switch/Router on both
active and backup IP-10Q units are active
Switch/Router
In 2+0MR any failure detected in radio link (RFU or remote side)
will trigger graceful degradation and will be transparent
to the Switch/Router
Only in case of IP-10G/E unit failure (active or standby) the connected GE/FE interface
will be disabled.
For Smart-pipe mode only

Troubleshooting Protection
Common issues followed by CLI commands
Page 223
Troubleshooting
Alarm / Error
Protection LED is on (RED)
Probable Cause / Workaround

1.
2.
3.
Protection cable is not connected

ETH straight cable is connected instead of crosscable
One of the 2 IDUs is not configured in Protection
Current Alarms show Configuration

Mismatch alarm
Check CFG of both IDUs: HW, SW, switch mode,

management mode, In Band VID
Initiate Copy to Mate in Active IDUs
I cannot PING the STBY unit.
This is normal behavior, Mate cannot be accessed

directly, only via Active IDU
Main IDU does not respond to PING
C commands to verify
f this IDU is in S
STBY mode, iff
Use CLI
so, use CLI to recover IDU
Current Alarms shows Mate Comm.

Failure alarm
Check the current alarms of STBY IDU

Report back to Ceragon Support
Replace STBY unit
Replace Active unit
35
Troubleshooting Useful CLI Commands

General commands:
lsp
ls
cls
prints executable commands in current directory

prints available child
child-directories
directories
clears screen
To execute Protection commands, you will need to change directory:

IP-10:/> cd platform/mate-idu
Then to read current status of IDU
Then,
IDU, type the following (in blue):
IP-10:/platform/mate-idu> get protection-mode
The system return these values:
1. Active
2. Standby
36
Page 224

To change Protection Admin mode, type the following:
IP-10:/platform/mate-idu> set protection-admin
<enable/disable>
To lock the current protection mode, type the following:

IP-10:/platform/mate-idu> set protection-lockout
<on/off>
To change Space Diversity mode

mode, type the following:
IP-10:/platform/radio-diversity> set radio-diversity-mode <none/space-diversity>
37

To force a switchover, type the following:
IP-10:/platform/mate-idu> set protection-force-switch <on/off>
To request a manual switchover, type the following:

IP-10:/platform/mate-idu> manual-switch-cmd
To initiate a Copy-to-Mate process, type the following:

IP-10:/platform/mate-idu> copy-to-mate-cmd
38
Page 225
Thank You
Page 226
Cross Polarization Interference Cancellation (XPIC)
Introduction
Page 227
Introduction
Two data channels are transmitted & received over the same frequency on dual
polarization (H & V)
C
Crosstalk
t lk between
b t
the
th polarizations
l i ti
d
due tto iimperfect
f t antenna
t
iisolation
l ti and
d
channel degradation can be effectively cancelled at the receiver using XPIC Cross Polarization Interference Cancellation/Canceller
A
Ideal solution for frequency- crowded areas

Using one frequency for two carriers
V
H
3
Decoding the received signal

Both IDUs on each site communicate through the Backplane of the Nodal
Enclosure
Nodal Enclosure
Nodal Enclosure
Page 228
fx
Decoding the H signal

Each IDU accommodates 2 modems (Master and Slave)
In each site, the Main IDU communicates with the Mate IDU via the backplane
The Master modem (V) sends its signal (V) to the Mate Slave
The Mate Slave pproduces the interference signal
g
((v)) and sends it to its H-Master
Transmitter
H+v HMaster
Mate IDU
backplane
HMaster
Receiver
Slave
Slave
Slave
Slave
Main IDU
VMaster
V+h VMaster
backplane
Decoding the H signal - continued

By knowing the interference level (v), the Master Modem (H) can demodulate the
received horizontal signal (H)
The vertical channel is decoded similarly
Transmitter
H+v HMaster
Mate IDU
Slave
Slave
Slave
Slave
VMaster
V+h VMaster
Page 229
backplane
Main IDU
backplane
HMaster
Receiver
H
Guidelines
1. XPIC is supported with IP-10G IDUs in version 6.6.1 and higher
2. XPIC can only be configured in a node:
slots 1+2 and/or slots 3+4 and/or slots 5+6
3. IDU license determines the allowed script and link capacity
4. Identical configuration should be used in all IDUs participating in a link:
XPIC Script
Frequencies
SW version (IDU, ODU)
HW version (IDU, ODU)
Protection is disabled
If any of these conditions is not met, an

alarm will alert user. In addition, events will
inform user of which conditions are not met.
XPIC Recovery Mechanism

The main purpose of the Recovery Mechanism is to recover link availability
due to hardware problem rather than fading issues
The recovery mechanism maintains a working link while attempting to recover

the faulty polarization
The mechanism applies periodic attempts to mute the problematic remote

transmitter
The time between one attempt and another is exponentially increased to

avoid unnecessary TX Mute when interference is temporary (allowing
sufficient to recover)
At the end of the process, if the problem still exists, the problematic link will
be permanently muted unless the user manually un-mutes it
Page 230
XPIC Recovery Mechanism

The indication to entry the recovery mechanism is a loss of modem
preamble lock, which takes place at SNR~10dB
The number of Mute/Un-mute attempts is user-configurable:

1.Recovery attempt time
2.Initial time between attempts
3.Multiplication factor for attempt time
4.Number of retries
5.Enable / Disable
Users are advised to maintain Factory Defaults
Please Note:
Every recovery attempt will cause a brief traffic hit in the working link
9
2+0 2U Setup
2 IDUs are installed in each node using an enclosure shelf
We assume slot 1 is using Vertical polarization and slot 2 Horizontal polarization
V+h
Each node includes
h/v
2 x RFU-C
Coupler
Dual pole antenna
H+v
10
v
Page 231
6+0 6U Setup
6 IDUs are installed in each node using enclosure shelves
Possible configurations:
Sl
Slott 1 + slot
l t2
Slot 3 + slot 4
Slot 5 + slot 6
11
Multi-Radio Configuration
Page 232
What is Multi-Radio?
Allows splitting traffic from one Ethernet port
into two links in a 2+0 configuration
Multi-Radio saves the need to have an

external device to combine traffic from two
Ethernet ports in order to reach beyond
567Mb
The 2+0 configuration can be either XPIC or
different frequencies
13
How Does it Work?

Every byte is transmitted either over the master or the slave
The distribution is proportional to the available bandwidth in every link
If both links have the same capacity, half the data is sent through each
link
If the links use different modulations, data is distributed proportionally in
order to maximize the available bandwidth
If the links have different capacity, data is distributed proportionally in
order to maximize the available bandwidth
Slave
Slave
Master
Master
14
Page 233
EMS Configuration
Logging in
Extension
Main
1. Log in to the EMS

2. Execute the following steps to Main IDU and
E t
Extension
i IDU on b
both
th ends
d off th
the lilink
k
3. When configuring an IDU, make sure the relevant

unit is selected (a black line will highlight selected IDU)
16
Page 234
Versions
Check that your IDUs and ODUs are installed with the required version
(6.6.1 or higher)
17
XPIC Script
Apply the required script to both IDUs (Main & Ext.) on both ends:
1. Expand the + icon next to the script in the MRMC Table
2 Click the Apply
2.
Apply button
3. IDU will automatically restart to apply the new script
18
Page 235
XPIC Script - 2
When IDUs complete the reset process, verify XPIC script is successfully
assigned.
19
XPIC Configured
Verify Main View in GUI shows
20
icon next to IDUs
Page 236
Radio Parameters
1. Verify that no alarms exist in the system.
2. Clear the defected blocks counter and verify that there are no errors in the
system.
3. Read the MSE and XPI and verifyy that theyy fit the link design
g ((if no values
are defined, verify that they are below -34dB and above 25dB, respectively).
21
Radio Parameters scroll down to bottom of page

Configure Radio Parameters and verify both links (H+V) are operational
22
Page 237
Troubleshooting
Link Commissioning
1. Make sure IF Cables are identical in length (H and V)
2. Commission the H link as a single link system with V channel muted,
verify RSL and MSE are as expected
3. Commission the V link as a single link system with H channel muted,

verify RSL and MSE are as expected
4. Check stability of RSL readings

5. Upon confirming the above steps, proceed to configure XPIC as explained
in previous slides
24
Page 238
Improving XPI Levels

When XPI levels < 25, antenna feeders need to be re-aligned.
One of the parameters that impacts the XPI is the antenna XPD
(Cross Polarization Discrimination)
In the following steps, we shall measure the antenna XPD to determine the
XPD of each antenna
1.
2.
3.
Mute H transmitters on both ends: H link is irrelevant now

Measure RSL on H receivers: we measure the v interference now
Measure RSL on V receivers calculate the difference between V and H
TX = OFF
In this example, the XPD is
not good enough:
The difference is only 20dB
We need to aim for a bigger
difference (better XPI)
TX = OFF
RSL = -70dBm
70dBm
RSL = -50dBm
H
v
25
H
v
Improving XPI Levels

4. Re-align the antenna feeders to read a bigger difference:
RSLH RSLV > 25dB

5. Un-mute the H transmitters
6. Repeat steps 1-4 for the V link
TX = OFF
In this example, the XPD is
much better:
The difference 28dB
That means, XPI = 28dB
26
TX = OFF
RSL = -78dBm
78dBm
RSL = -50dBm
H
v
Page 239
H
v
XPIC Events (EMS Event Log)

During the XPIC mechanism, events are displayed in the EMS Event log to
allow detailed description and effective troubleshooting
Various cases are encoded as a single event with a bitmask code

Event title = Insufficient conditions for XPIC
Bitmask Codes -
27
XPIC Events (EMS Event Log)

The following events indicate changes in the XPIC state:
28
Remote TX Mute (try # n) was Set by XPIC Recovery on Slot # n

Remote TX Un-mute (try # n ) was Set by XPIC Recovery on Slot # n
XPIC Recovery Started on Slot # n
XPIC Recovery Finished Successfully on Slot # n
XPIC Recovery Finished Unsuccessfully on Slot # n. Remote Mute was Set
XPIC Recovery on Slot # n Stopped Due to an External Event
XPIC Recovery (XRSM) was disabled
XPIC Recoveryy (XRSM)
(
) was enabled
Page 240
XPIC Events (EMS Event Log) - Example
29
XPIC Performance Monitoring
30
Page 241
Thank You
Page 242
2+2 HSB Protection
2+2 Protection Agenda

1.
2.
3
3.
4.
5.
6.
Topology scheme
Setup scheme
Configuration
Operation
Maintenance
XPIC & 2+2
Page 243
2+2 HSB XPIC - Topology Scheme
STBY
STBY
Active Pair
Active Pair
2+2 HSB XPIC - Setup Scheme
STBY
STBY
fL
fH
fL
fH
H
V
fL
H
V
H
V
Active Pair
Active Pair
fH
fH
fL
Page 244
2+2 Configuration
The 2+2 configuration consists of two pairs of IDUs, Each pair is an 2+0 link
(can be in XPIC configuration or in different frequencies).
The two pairs are inserted into separate chassis and are connected by a
protection cable between the main IDUs in slot #1 only.
Protection is performed between the pairs - at any given time one pair is
active and the other is stand-by.
STBY
Active
2+2 Configuration
For this configuration we define the following terminology:
1. Master unit ((lower IDU in each pair):
p ) in a pair
p belonging
g g to a 2+2 configuration,
g
a unit
which is responsible for the following:
Sending/receiving traffic from/to user through line interfaces
Receiving protection information from mate (slave)
Sending/receiving protection information to second master at any one time
one master is decision and the other is report.
2. Slave unit (upper IDU in each pair):
Sending/receiving traffic from/to user through line interfaces
Sending protection information to mate in shelf (master)
Slave
Sl
units
it always
l
b
behave
h
as report
t (are
(
ttold
ld b
by master
t whether
h th tto b
be active
ti
or stand-by)
Page 245
2+2 Configuration
The 2+2 configuration is possible
only between the units in the
main backplane in each shelf
(slots 1-2).
1-2)
Using the other IDUs in the
shelves (slots 3-6) is not
supported.
2+2 Configuration
When a new 2+2 protection mode is defined
A system may either be in 1+1, 2+2 or protection disabled. The configuration
is separate in each of the four units
units, and user should configure all four units to
2+2.
In order to switch from 1+1 to 2+2 the system must go through protection
disabled. The following table summarizes the possible changes between the
configurations:
Origin
ProtectionDisabled
1+1HSB
2+2HSB
Disabled
NoResetis required
Slot#1 NoResetis required

Slot#2 Resetisrequired
NoResetis required
1+1HSB
Slot#1 NoResetis required

Slot#2 Resetisrequired
NoResetis required
Blocked
2+2HSB
NoResetis required
Blocked
NoResetis required
Page 246
2+2 Configuration
All the conditions for 1+1 HSB protection apply for 2+2 as well (between
master units)
While in 2+2 mode,
mode all commands and configurations available for 1+1
protection are available as follows:
o Locking, forcing protection is done from master units only
o Copy to mate operation is available separately in master units and slave units
2+2 Operation
The principles of 2+2 operation are an extension of 1+1 protection:
The same criteria (interfaces LOS, LOC, LOF) are monitored and compared
between active and stand-by units (Comparing is carried out by master units)
All enabled interfaces of all four IDUs are monitored

A missing slave unit is interpreted as LOS in its interfaces. A missing master
is a no mate condition During 2+2 operation
10
Page 247
2+2 Maintenance
The following procedures are relevant when changing units in a 2+2 node:
Replacing slave units (extensions)
1. Protection lockout to the Master-active.

2. Insert new unit.
3. Power it up.
4. Enable protection 2+2 HSB.
5. Copy to Mate
6. Connect the ODU to relevant Eth, PDH/SDH Y-cables/fibers.
11
2+2 Maintenance
The following procedures are relevant when changing units in a 2+2 node:
Replacing a STBY Master unit
1. Protection lockout to the Master-active.

2. Set to default the new card in SA mode.
3. Reset.
4. Configure same management type (in/out of band), management VLAN and Ethernet
application.
5. Insert the unit.
6. Power
6
o e itt up
up.
7. Connect the protection cable.
8. Enable protection 2+2 HSB.
9. Copy2mate.
10. Connect the ODU to relevant Eth, PDH/SDH Y-cables/fibers.
12
Page 248
XPIC & 2+2 Protection

2+2 XPIC is a common application.
Since these two are unrelated mechanisms, a number of safeguards have
been put in place to assure their proper operation in tandem
tandem.
When configured as 2+2, the XPIC recovery mechanism is disabled.
The reason for this is that in case of a failure in a link, the system will switch to
the stand-by pair instead of attempting to recover the link, as done in 2+0
XPIC.
Additionally,
y in order to assure that the conditions for XPIC exist (in
( p
particular
having the same radio script and frequencies), the following mechanisms are
active in a 2+2 configuration:
13
XPIC & 2+2 Protection

The following parameters can be changed only at the master unit; they will be
automatically changed at the slave unit accordingly:
Radio script
Radio TX frequency
Radio RX frequency
Should the change at the slave unit fail for any reason, the change at the
master will be rolled back and user will be given an error message.
14
Page 249
Thank You
Page 250
EMS Performance Monitoring
Agenda
General Information
Faults:
Current Alarms
Alarm Editing
Event Log
PM & Counters:
Remote Monitoring
TDM Trails
TDM interfaces
Radio
R di (RSL
(RSL, TSL
TSL, MRMC and
d MSE)
Radio TDM
Radio ETH
XPI
Page 251
General Information
Maximum frame length:
1632 bytes for all Ethernet traffic interfaces
WSC interface is limited to 1628 bytes
Dynamic allocation:
Radio bandwidth (which may vary in ACM) is automatically allocated in the following
order:
1.High-priority TDM trails
2.Low-priority TDM trails
3.Ethernet traffic
For this mechanism to work properly, each TDM trail in both sides of a link
should be associated with the same p
priority.
y
Overhead bytes:
Proprietary frame is constructed to transport the ETH and TDM (E1/DS1) traffic.
Frame size depends on the system type (capacity).
The frame consists 18 bytes for overhead, and bytes for Ethernet and E1/DS1s
payload.
3
EMS Main View

Access application via IP address
User friendly navigation menu
Page 252
EMS Main View

Graphical MENU: Click to configure
EMS Main View
Protection Status Display & Quick Access

Icons
Page 253
EMS Main View

In this example slot #1 and slot #2 are configured to support 1+1 Protection
Slot #1 is selected and in Active mode.
Black Rectangular to indicate selected slot

for configuration
EMS Main View

When the user selects Slot 2 the GUI updates automatically
Page 254
Faults Current Alarms

The Current Alarms window shows collapsed list of alarms
By expanding a line we can see additional information:
Probable cause
Corrective Actions
Editing Alarms
For Any Alarm in the system it possible to change
Description
Severity
In order to do so
Go to /management/mng-services/alarm-service
Type edit-alarm <Alarm Identifier> <description | Severity> <New Value>
10
Page 255
Faults Event Log

The Event Log shows max. 200 lines of events
When Event #201 occurs, Event #1 is erased and #201
is logged as #200.
Available PM Statistics - Radio

TDM PM
(allocated E1/T1 VCs)
TDM
(E1/T1)
ETH PM (Data + In-Band):

1. Aggregated Errors
2. Throughput
3. Capacity
4. Radio Link Utilization
5. RMON standard is
implemented
p
as well to
provide detailed data
ETH BW is a function of
available radio capacity as TDM
and STM-1 have higher priority
12
STM1
STM-1 PM
When STM-1 T-Card
is inserted in front
panel))
p
Radio Signal PM:

1. RSL
2. MSE
3. MRMC (ACM)
4. Aggregate
Page 256
Available PM Statistics Line Interfaces
STM-1 interface facing customer equipment

TDM interfaces facing
g customer equipment
q p
End-to-End Trails
13
Clearing previous data

To erase all IDU PM data, click the CLEAR button -
14
Page 257
ETH PM RMON
The system supports Ethernet statistics counters (RMON) display (depends on
port availability). The counters are designed to support:
RFC 2819 RMON MIB.
RFC 2665 Ethernet-like MIB.
RFC 2233 MIB II.
RFC 1493 Bridge MIB.
15
ETH PM RMON
16
Page 258
PM RMON Special Registers

RMONregister /Counter
Description
Undersizeframesreceived
Framesshorterthan64bytes
Oversize frames received

Oversizeframesreceived
Frames longer than 1632 bytes

Frameslongerthan1632bytes
Jabberframesreceived
Totalframesreceivedwithalengthofmorethan1632bytes,
butwithaninvalidFCS
Fragmentsframesreceived
Totalframesreceivedwithalengthoflessthan64
bytes,andaninvalidFCS
Rxerrorframesreceived
TotalframesreceivedwithPhyerror
FCSframesreceived
TotalframesreceivedwithCRCerror,notcounteredin
"Fragments",
Fragments ,"Jabber"
Jabber or
or "Rx
Rxerror
error"counters
counters
InDiscardFrames
Countsgoodframesthatcannotbeforwardeddueto
lackofbuffermemory
InFilteredFrames
Countsgoodframesthatwerefilteredduetoegress
switchVLANpolicyrules
Pauseframesreceived
Numberofflowcontrolpauseframesreceived
17
Troubleshooting with RMON: Filtering Example
Radio port is a
member of VID 100
Radio port is a
member of VID 100
Site A
Tagging
Untagged Frames
Tagged with default
VID 100
Site B
No membership
Access port with

default VID = 300
Site B Ingress port (Radio) receives the frame and checks the Egress port VID
membership
Egress port default VID is 300, therefore frame is filtered by the remote Radio port
18
Page 259
Troubleshooting with RMON: Oversized frames

Site A
T
Site B
T
Tagged Frames with

frame size > 1632 bytes
When ingress frames exceed the maximum frame size, RMON counter Oversized frames
received is updated accordingly
19
Troubleshooting with RMON: Discarding Example

Site A
T
Site B
T
Ingress traffic does not

comply to Policer rules
Discarding Examples:
Ingress rate > Rate Limiter
Ingress frames do not qualify to Policer rules
20
Page 260
Troubleshooting with RMON: Monitoring specific

traffic types
Site A
Site B
Rate Limiter
Monitor
Video streams are generally transmitted over UDP

with multicast addresses
To monitor traffic, check out the Multicast Frames
Received register
To limit MC traffic, assign a Policer with a UDP & MC
CIR rules
21
PM TDM Trails
Trails can only be configured in the Main

IDU/Slot #1
Extension Trails (trails via extension IDU)
are also configured in the Main IDU
TDM Trail PM can only be viewed in the
Main IDU menu
The number of trails that can be
configured is a function of available radio
BW (license + script)
22
Page 261
PM TDM Trails
23
PM TDM Trails In Detail

Errored Second (ES):
A one-second period with one or more errored blocks or at least one defect
24
Page 262

Severely Errored Second (SES):
A one-second period, which contains 30% errored blocks or at least one
defect.
defect
SES is a subset of ES.
25

A period of unavailable time begins at the onset of 10 consecutive Severely
Errored Second (SES) events. These 10 seconds are considered to be part of
unavailable time.
A new period of available time begins at the onset of 10 consecutive non-SES
events. These 10 seconds are considered to be part of available time.
26
Page 263

Background Block Error (BBE):
An errored block not occurring as part of a SES.
27

Number of Switches (only relevant for Protected SNCP Trails):
The number of times the IP-10 switched from Primary Path to Secondary Path
and vice versa (per 15min or 24hrs interval)
Page 264

Active Path Seconds (only relevant for Protected SNCP Trails):
The number of times seconds the Active Path was available

Integrity:
Indicates whether information is reliable for analysis (ticked) or not
For example if clock was changed or system was restarted during this interval
then information is not reliable
30
Page 265
PM TDM Trails through Radio
31
PM E1 / DS-1 (PM received from customer)

This PM data
relates to the
TDM Line
Interfaces.
Interfaces
32
Page 266
PM STM-1 (Slot #2)
33
PM Radio - RF
Signal Level RSL & TSL analysis
Allows setting RSL & TSL thresholds
EMS will notify when signal exceeds THSLD
>> Easier maintenance
Aggregated radio traffic analysis

MRMC PM related to ACM:
Associated Script
Available Bit rate
Available Radio VCs
MSE analysis (quality of received signal)
XPI analysis (when XPIC enabled)
34
Page 267
PM Radio Signal Level Using Threshold
- 40dBm = Nominal RSL for an operational Link

Level 1: 25 sec
Level 2: 15 sec
900 sec = 15min Interval
35
PM Radio Signal Level - Using Threshold

Using graphical display of the THSLD analysis allows us easier
examination of the RSL & TSL state throughout certain period of time
RSL
-40
-50
-68
T [sec]
-99
10
36
Page 268
10
PM Radio - Aggregate
Aggregated radio
traffic analysis
37
PM Radio - MRMC
The information displayed in this page is derived from the license and script
assigned to the radio.
When ACM is enabled and active,
active as link quality degrades or improves
improves, the
information is updated accordingly.
38
Page 269
PM Radio - MRMC
39
PM Radio - MSE
The information
displayed in this page
is derived from the
license and script
assigned to the radio.
When link quality
degrades or
improves, the MSE
reading is updated
accordingly.
Differences of 3dB
gg ACM
trigger
modulation changing.
Threshold can be
configured as well for
easier maintenance.
40
Page 270
PM Radio - XPI
Use this report to evaluate the cross-polarization

interference
Apply a threshold to establish a better notification
41
PM Radio - Ethernet
Frame Error Rate (%) measured on radio-Ethernet
interface (port 8)
Ethernet Capacity (a.k.a. Ethernet L1 capacity) - Total
bit rate from an Ethernet user port. Taking into account
the full Ethernet frame including the IFG and preamble
fields. Ethernet capacity is sometimes referred to as
"port utilization rate".
Radio Throughput - Total bit rate supported by the
radio link running in a specific channel/modulation
including radio frame overhead, etc.
Utilization (%) is displayed as one of five bins:
0 20% 20-40%,
0-20%,
20 40% 40-60%,
40 60% 60-80%,
60 80% 80-100%
80 100%
Ethernet throughput & Capacity PMs are measured by
accumulating the number of Ethernet octets every
second
Accurate analysis requires accumulating a full interval
(15min/24hrs)
42
Page 271
PM Ethernet Frame Error Rate
43
PM Ethernet Throughput
44
Page 272
PM Ethernet Capacity
45
PM Ethernet Utilization
46
Page 273
Throughput / Capacity / Utilization

To better understand these terms, we shall examine the Ethernet tagged frame full
structure:
A frame viewed on the actual physical wire would show Preamble and Start Frame
Delimiter,, in addition to the other data (required
( q
by
y the p
physical
y
hardware).
)
However, these bits are stripped away at OSI Layer 1 by the Ethernet adapter before
being passed on to the OSI Layer 2 which is where data is detected.
Pre.
7octets
SFD
1octet
DA
SA
6octets 6octets
VLAN
4octets
ETH Type
/Length
2octets
Payload+
Padding
CRC
461500 4octets
octets
Interframe
Gap
12octets
DataRate:min.64 octets max.1522octets

Physicalwirerate:min.84octets max.1542octets
47

Pre.
7octets
SFD
1octet
DA
SA
6octets 6octets
VLAN
4octets
ETH Type
/Length
2octets
Payload+
Padding
CRC
461500 4octets
octets
Interframe
Gap
12octets
DataRate:min.64 octets max.1522octets

Physicalwirerate:min.84octets max.1542octets
In case we use a 64 bytes frame:

Throughput (Data rate) = ~ 77% of physical transmitted rate
Stripped bits = ~ 23% of physical transmitted rate
(64/84=0.77)
(20/84=0.23)
Hence, when we transmit 100Mbps, the actual throughput would be 77 Mbps

48
Page 274

Throughput = 77 Mbps
Radio Capacity =
(license) = 400Mbps
Transmitted rate =
100 Mbps
Utilization
49
Capacity = Received frame rate

= 100 Mbps
Throughput 77 Mbps
19.25% ~ 20%
Capacity
400 Mbps
Thank You
Page 275
Page 276
Loopbacks
Agenda
In this module we shall describe

the various actions we can
perform to properly maintain and
troubleshoot the IP-10G system
Page 277
RFU RF Loopback
RFU RF LB
RFU RF Loopback
Use it to verify communication from Line to ODU is OK (including ODU)
Traffic affecting TX is stopped
Configurable Timer to automatically restore traffic ( 0 = no time limits)
RFU LED is RED when Loopback is ON
LINK LED is GREEN when Loopback is ON
Alarm is displayed in Current Alarms:
and Event log:
Page 278
IF Loopback
IDU IF LB
IF Loopback
Use it to verify communication from Line to IF cable is OK
Traffic affecting TX is stopped
Configurable Timer to automatically restore traffic (0 = no time limits)
LINK LED is GREEN when Loopback is ON
Alarm is displayed in Current Alarms:
and Event log (next slide):
Page 279
IF Loopback Analysis using Event Log

Lets assume radio link is down LINK LED is RED
16:29:01
We enable IF LB, therefore Link alarms clear
16:29:05
Loopback replaces remote unit therefore alarm disappears
16:30:01
Loopback automatically stops, link recovers to original state
16:30:05
Radio link is down (original state)
PDH Line LB towards Line (NE)
LB towards the line
Page 280
PDH Line LB towards Line (Near End)

Use this feature to evaluate connection to customers patch-panel
Alarm is displayed in CAS:
and in Event Log:
PDH Line LB towards Radio (FE)
LB towards the radio
Tester
10
Page 281
PDH Line LB towards Radio Event Log Analysis

Lets assume PDH port #1 is enable but not connected
Therefore, Major alarm is on (RED)
16:59:44
We enable Line LB towards the radio
16:59:46
Loopback replaces end-device therefore alarm disappears
17:06:37
Loopback is OFF
17:06:38
PDH port alarm is ON again..
11
SDH Line LB towards System

Towards System signal (trail) is looped back to
IP-10
12
Page 282
SDH Line LB towards Line

Towards Line signal (trail) is looped back to
customer interface
13
IDU-RFU Interface Monitoring
Before you leave the site, make sure that these registers are elapsed (zero)\
When one of these registers is different than 0 you need to report to
your support representative
In such case, perform the Loopbacks we have just covered to narrow down the
probable causes for the errors
14
Page 283
Thank You
Page 284
Configuration Files
Agenda
In this module we shall describe the various actions we can perform to
properly maintain and troubleshoot the IP-10G system:
1.
1
2.
3.
4.
5.
Config ration File

Configuration
Unit Information File
Setting FTP Properties
Upload/Download in a Standalone IDU
Upload/Download in a Node
Page 285
Configuration File
The Configuration file stores the following parameters:
License
External Alarms
SNMP Trap Destination
NTP Server Properties
Radio properties: Frequency, RSL, TSL, ATPC, etc.
Switch Mode and database: Port types, VLAN membership, etc.
Interface Configuration: PDH, TDM, Ethernet Switch
Trail Configurations
Service OAM
Security: user accounts, login properties, etc.
Unit Information File

The Unit Information file stores the following parameters:
Date & Time

Daylight Saving Time properties
System name and other ID parameters
Measuring properties (voltage, temperature)
Accumulated Performance Monitoring logs
Serial numbers
Page 286
FTP Properties
Local FTP Server

You may install FTP Server on your PC and connect locally to the IDU
EMS PC with local FTP Server installed
Page 287
Remote FTP Server

You may configure the IDU to communicate with a remote PC where
FTP server is installed
Remote FTP Server
EMS PC
7
FTP Root Directory

Every Server has its own properties. Make sure you are familiar with
your FTP Root Directory: this is where the files are stored (software
versions, CFG & Unit).
Examples for
SW packages
Examples for
CFG & Unit
Files
8
Page 288
Configure your FTP Server Properties
2
9
Upload/Download Using Stand Alone IP-10
10
Page 289
Uploading the CFG File (IP-10G to Server)

Click Create Archive to
allow the IP-10G zipping
all parameters into one file
11
Wait till task is

successfully completed
12
Page 290

Next step:
Click Upload Archive to allow
the IP-10G transferring the
zipped file to your server
13

Wait till task is successfully
completed
14
Page 291
Check your FTP Root Directory
This is your copy of

g
file
the configuration
You may place it now
in the dedicated folder
(Configuration Files)
15

Follow the same steps to upload the Unit Information file:
1
16
2
Page 292
Check your FTP Root Directory
This is a copy of your Unit Information file
17
Downloading the CFG File (Server IP-10G)

Follow the same steps to download the CFG file
When download completes successfully, you will need to restart the
system
t
for
f changes
h
tto take
t k place
l
Please note if the file does not exist in the root directory action will fail !
1
18
2
Page 293
Upload/Download in a Node
Step #1: Creating CFG files

The Main unit can store the
CFG files of each slot
Select the IDU(s) and click
Backup
Slot 4
Slot 3
Slot 2
Slot 1
20
Page 294
Step #2: Upload CFG files

Next, click Upload
Archive(s) and the
file(s) will be uploaded
to your FTP root
directory
21
Step #3: Downloading files to slot(s)

Click Download to send the
CFG files from your FTP root
directory onto each IDU
Slot 4
Slot 2
Slot 1
22
Page 295
CFG file
Slot 3
Step #4: Restoring IDU(s)

Assuming Main IDU stores the
most updated CFG files, when
clicking Restore, the Main
IDU will download the files to
relevant IDUs
Slot 4
Slot 2
CFG file
Slot 3
Slot 1
23
Unified Unit Information File
A unified file is created for

all stacked units
Upload & Download
action are identical to a
standalone unit
24
Page 296
Checking Backup History & Status
Click here to see the

backup history
25
Checking Backup History & Status
26
Page 297
Setting the unit back to Factory Defaults
You can restore your system to

factory defaults
You may also set the IP address to
factory default address (192.168.1.1)
27
Thank You
Page 298
Software Upgrade
Agenda
FTPProperties
Standalone SW Download
StandaloneSWDownload
StandaloneSWUpgrade
NodalIDUSWDownload
NodalIDUSWUpgrade
Rollback VS Downgrade
RollbackVS.Downgrade
Page 299
Local FTP Server

SW files are located on an FTP Server (local or remote)
Configure the FTP properties to point to your local server root directory
(Make sure RD/WR permissions are enabled)
EMS PC with local FTP Server installed
Remote FTP Server

If you do not have an FTP Server installed locally on your PC, you may
configure an IP address of a remote server.
EMS PC
Remote FTP Server

Page 300
FTP Root Directory

Make sure you are familiar with your FTP Root Directory: this is where
the files are stored (software versions, CFG & Unit).
Examplesfor
SWpackages
Configuring FTP Server Properties
2
6
Page 301
Configuring FTP Server Properties
Type the location of the software package:

FTP IP address
SW folder (when relevant, in this example 66253)
Type the username & Password
(You may log in using CMD window to verify settings are correct)
Software Upgrade Standalone IP-10
Page 302
Click on the Download button and wait till Succeeded message is
displayed (next slide)
Youmayviewatanytimethedownload
y
y
processbyclickingontheLogIcon
Download was successfully completed, you may proceed to upgrade
the IDU
10
Page 303
Download completed Upgrade delayed

In case Upgrade is scheduled for later moments, the Version table will
display the following status:
11
Standalone Upgrade Regular

Click on the Upgrade button. When upgrades completes successfully,
the IDU will restart automatically.
Youmayviewatanytimetheupgrade
processbyclickingontheLogIcon
12
Page 304
Standalone Upgrade - Timed

Choose in Installation Type Timed option, after that you can set time
for later scheduled upgrade
Youcansetscheduletimefrom1minup
to1440min(24hour)andclicktoApply
13
Standalone Upgrade Regular vs. Timed

Click on Upgrade to start schedule timer, you can see Timer Status,
anytime you can abort scheduled installation
14
Page 305
Software Upgrade Nodal IP-10
Nodal SW Download
Important note !
IP-10G systems with software version 3.0.34 must be upgraded to an
officially released version while in stand-alone mode (not in shelf
configuration) prior to a Shelf (Nodal) SW download
16
Page 306
Shelf Configuration
1. Make sure your main unit (Slot 1) is upgraded with the latest version
2. If not, it is recommended to upgrade the main unit as a standalone IDU
3. Verify you are familiar with the slot number(s)
Slot 6
Slot 5
Slot 4
Sl t 3
Slot
Slot 2
Slot 1
17
Shelf SW Download
Configure the FTP properties if needed

Click on the Download button and
wait till Succeeded message is
displayed
You may view at any time the download
process by clicking on the Log Icon
18
Page 307
Shelf SW Upgrade
Select the target slot and then click the
Upgrade button
Or click Upgrade All
Please note
1. The number of slots depend on
actual configuration
2. The slot numbers are not according
to physical allocation in the shelf
3. Failures may occur due to wrong
FTP configurations, unstable
network connection or missing files
4. IDU(s) will reset automatically upon
successful upgrade
19
Rollback vs. Downgrade
Page 308
Rollback VS. Downgrade
2.8.25
Upgrade #1
Upgrade #2
2.8.31
2.8.35
2.8.32
Rollback
3
Downgrade
g
Rollback does not revert previous Downgrade operation !

It rolls back IDU version 1 step back (prior to last Upgrade)
21
Thank You
Page 309
Page 310
Course Evaluation Form

Dear Customer!
Thank you for taking the time to complete the following course evaluation form. Your
commentary and feedbacks are of great importance to us as we analysis and investigate each
course and report. The information you provide will be used to help us improve the content of
the course and monitor the quality of our training program.
Thank You,
Oren Gerstner,
Training Director
Course details
Location
Course Name / ID
Start Date (d/m/year)
End Date (d/m/year)
Instructor Name
Company / Customer
Please rate your satisfaction with the course from 1 to 5 (1 = poor and 5 = excellent):
Did the course meet your expectations?
Was the course well organized?
Training facility & Environment
Was the difficulty of the course in line

with your expectations?
The instructor was well prepared
Instructors level of knowledge
Instructors presentation skills
Instructors willingness to help
Audience was treated respectfully
Language was clear and understood
Course book
Level of practical exercises (when relevant)
Setup and lab functionality (when relevant)
Usefulness Level of practical exercises (when relevant)
Overall satisfaction from the training session
Your comments:
Course Evaluation Form
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