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Classical criminology, and its recent expression in rational choice theory, does not cut
slack in terms of excusing, or otherwise mitigating, counterproductive and maladaptive
social behaviors. An essential component is the assertion you are responsible and
accountable for your actions. No matter how much you blame others, abuse substances,
claim “victimization” or invoke the nebulous notions of alleged “mental illness”,
classicists remain unmoved. From this historic school of thought, as well as its variations,
the primary philosophical notion is that people are always responsible for their behaviors,
especially when they choose to do harm to others.
From the arrogant greed of corporate criminal conspiracies, to the assassination of a
public official, the perpetrator is self-motived, intentional and premeditated. The
rationality of choice means purposeful decision-making, especially if you are a terrorist,
or others like those in the news media and politicians, who seek to mitigate that by claims
you have somehow mysteriously become “radicalized”. Criminality and human behavior
in general, regardless of the criminal typology, from street crimes to commercial fraud,
involve decisive “cost-benefit” analyses. The basis is gain minus the risk.
Motivational factors are complex and reside within the intricate thinking processes of
the individual personality. While an act of particular cruelty may seem “irrational” to the
public, such terroristic action is very rational to the instigator. Yet, in the reactivity of
emotional self-interests as to “why” he or she committed the horrific crime, speculation
devolves to dangerous notions for a simplistic answer. There are no easy answers.
Particularly frustrating are those quick to embrace an alternative “school of thought”
within the schemes of the pseudosciences where one answer fits all. Other philosophical
perspectives like psychology and sociology are good examples. From their own ranks of
adherents, there are no specific concurrences on cause-effect explanations.
In a court of law in the U.S., where actual definitive evidence is required, both sides
compete as to who has the most believable reason regarding behavioral issues. Outside a
legal framework, many apply less than provable assertions about the causative factors
involved in the nature of criminality. More so today, with increasing acceptance of
paranormal phenomenon, many pursue external deterministic concepts.
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Unfortunately, the sad state of affairs slants in the direction that colludes a sleight of
hand, in the never-ending deceptions of human behavior. Unevolved and self-centered
motivations promulgate the easy mitigations of unscientific conjecture that fosters
intentional gullibility in deterministic simplicity. From academia to commercial and
political oligarchies of power and control, for the satiation of economic self-interests,
careers and industries have been constructed around the psychobabbles of misdirection.
While tacitly, behind the scenes, some might decry the flagrant and unjustified fallacies
that sell hasty generalizations reinforced by emotion reactivity, change is futile.
Too late, the devolution process continues a regression of the human species into the
macabre anti-thinking of arrogant selfishness. There is an excuse for everything, a pill to
cure anything and a “diagnosis” to excuse horrendous and torturous behaviors. Whether
pontificating about a perpetrator’s upbringing, bad parenting, neighborhood, poverty of
“broken windows”, and any other externality of “cause and effect”, the majority of
contemporary explanations do not solve the crisis of a faltering global civilization.
Several noted physicists and futurist have asserted the eventual demise of the human
species. Nonetheless, we come up with excuses to blame someone or something.
However, we have “experts” that frequently appear alongside smugly self-righteous
newscasters, and explain the alleged mitigating factors, from assassinations to genocide,
and commercial fraud to political corruption. The fascinating prospect about most
“experts”, especially in the so-called hallowed halls of academia, is that they never
actually were practitioners who plied their craft in the real world. One might ponder, how
do they “know” so much, when they do not share any significant experience in the reality
of human interactivities? Whoa, that should be scary. However, it is not.
As suggested earlier, in the realm of the pseudosciences, anything is possible from a
theoretical viewpoint, especially as some attempt to articulate a biased perspective. From
theory to belief, mainstream acceptance and political acquiescence demonstrates
complicity across a wide audience. Politically, the judicial, legislative and executive
branches of government, partly in courtrooms, allow the viability of alleged “expertise”.
Even if there is no scientific validation, the proof of questionable behavioral theories is
readily considered. In an adversarial system of jurisprudence, for instance, “experts” on
both sides can offer “expert opinion” testimony as “evidence”.
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Absent the science, as in fingerprints, DNA, toxicology, etc., which opinion is valid?
After all, both sides in a controversy get to claim and otherwise assert the philosophy of
their school of thought as though it reflects confirmed scientific authenticity.
Subsequently, a panel of laypersons, a jury, gets to decide whom they believe. Such
manifestations of speculation are often treated as if they are true beyond any doubt and to
the exclusion of all other possibilities. Frequently, adherents of one of the interpretations
will argue vehemently with opposing views as to which or what is the truth.
When it comes to human behavior, no one has all the answers, and no certainty as to
anything close to solutions. To the criminology classicists, particularly the practitioners
(i.e. police, corrections, probation officers, etc.), outside the schemes of academia, human
nature is simultaneously good and evil, through an intricate psychodynamic weaving of
complex personality. From the basis of this theoretical construct, humans are rational
individuals, often hiding behind masks of deception. Yet, to cover the individuality of
malevolent intentions, many conceal their biases within a framework of illusions.
Nonetheless, for some human beings, they have cleverly invented a maze of
mitigations or excuses. By extraordinary means, from academia, commercial, and
medical enterprises, to political collusions, the smoke and mirrors of promulgates public
deception. As to the frauds of misrepresentation of “pseudoscience” versus hard science,
the public’s gullibility chooses easy acceptance as to the misdirection. While some claims
hide behind an array of terms, labels and “diagnoses”, the scientific efficacy remains
unsubstantial. For the classical adherents however, people are supremely capable of
exercising the scary notion of volition, or freedom to choose.
The frightening prospect of accountability in the exercise of free will troubles many
theorists. As a result, the multifaceted U.S. “criminal justice systems”, reflect many
influences from both schools of thought. At the beginning, the process to investigate and
arrest, prosecute and sentence is primarily from a classical model, strongly supported by
evidence-based procedures. In the next, phases, post-sentencing, so called correctional
facilities become predisposed to “rehabilitation” leanings. Misbehavior, in terms of
criminality, is the result of other causes external to the criminal. Predisposition to
criminal behavior becomes the passageway by which illegality is the result of the typical
excuses. These include poverty, family, neighborhood and abuse.
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For the classical perspective, no one gets away with excuses. In fact, mitigations are
virtually non-concerns. What matters is the unlawful behavior. The classicist asserts that
everyone is free to make choices, regardless of personal circumstances, which challenges
the “positivism” of the deterministic conceptions of culpability. As to perhaps thirty
other “schools of thought”, that considers a person “hardwired”, “predestined”,
exceptionally influenced by prior “causes”, such as “mental illness”, is not within the
socio-economic framework of the classic view of criminality. Personal responsibility is of
immediate consideration and eventual sanction by certainty of punishment.
Opposing views would argue and protest differently. Nonetheless, swift retribution is
necessary along an ethical continuum of moral justification. By reason and logic of
capable capacity, the perpetrator, regardless of high standing or communal connections,
is responsible for every act of malevolent commission inflicted upon others. There are no
exceptions, particularly as pertains to wealth, power and political connections. Especially,
in those cases of defendant affluence, the upper reaches of oligarchy receive no special
dispensation as to occupancy in a penal facility. Of all groups of criminals, the rich
should share the same accommodations alongside the not so wealthy.
For every human, irrespective of academic allusion, social rank, or theoretical
speculation, intends any given action based upon the self-interests of a personal decision-
making process. By whatever means, to augment and further clarify the choices to be
made, subsequent actions weigh in the balance between gain and risk, productivity and
loss, and ultimately essential satiation. Convenient and comfortable utility to reinforce
the thinking processes, as well as express that, which is necessary to personal enrichment,
encompasses individual selfishness. The rationality, as seen by others less predisposed to
observe their own shortcomings, may dismiss the reasoning behind counterproductive
actions. Other schools of thought have tried to dismiss any particular notion of one’s
actions as freely chosen. Instead, by clever diversion, excuses are many.
Regardless of deterministic insistence, classical admonitions assert the primacy of free
choice. Inventions of a wide spectrum of “mental illness” does not lesson or mitigate
individual responsibility for malevolent actions. Oriented toward the goals of self-
gratification and personal enrichment, at the expense of others, illicit and anti-communal
actions are to be dealt with in equal retribution regardless of socio-economic status.
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Lifeless, non-living, inorganic things do not make people do illicit and dastardly
deeds. Humans are all too capable to commit atrocious acts of personal culpability freely,
readily and with serious malevolent intentions. Similarly, the internet does not force
people to do “evil” actions. Likewise, vast innovations in “technology” do not cause
people to carryout cyber intrusions, swindles, and sordid illegalities.
Terrorism “radicalization”, so easily tossed around by pundits and others who should
know better, does not force people to commit terroristic criminalities. Additionally, the
usual suspect scapegoats, like “peer pressure”, “bullying”, poverty or bad parenting,
cause someone to “snap”. Unfortunately, the list of deceptive diversions goes on, and
eventually collides with a number theoretical claims, sometimes called diagnoses. All of
which reflects someone’s philosophical perspective.
Nevertheless, if you need to feel better about yourself, others, society, etc., reassured
by trouble-free answers and convenient conjecture absent scientific validation, then
embrace any aspect of the pseudosciences you wish. If you are fearful that your school of
thought might be in error if challenged by opposing perspectives, you are free to be as
defensive and resentment to any extent desired. There will be opposition.
You can believe anything you want, no matter how deficient the facts are. Such
divisiveness and condescension happens every day, from academia to the courtroom.
Irrational causal connections arise in every facet of social interaction, as many clamor to
justify nebulous notions claiming to answer complex behavioral questions. Often
overlooked is the ethical responsibility of the individual adherent for implementing
honest, straightforward evidence based strategies in problem-solving processes.
For the classical criminologist, from the non-deterministic viewpoint presented here, it
is not the environment, family conditions, society, community and so forth, which are
definitive precursor factors causing criminal behavior. Everyone makes choices and
determines their eventual behavioral responses. It does not matter whether corporate
pirate or international terrorist and everything in between, responsibility, and ultimate
accountability, rests fully with the perpetrator. From corrupt politicians to Wall Street
“gangsters”, premeditation configures with malevolent intentions to commit illegalities
that harm others. A particular school of thought can argue a certain philosophical
perspective to mitigate, excuse or otherwise rationalize the limited culpability.
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However, in the end, the absence of sure, swift and certain punishment, regardless of
socio-economic status, political connections, alleged “mental illness”, or assorted
excuses, hastens the regression of the human species. In furtherance of social decay, a
devolving society bent on extinction collectively rationalizes any possibility for aberrant
behavior. Every effort to ensure the criminal’s responsibility, and subsequent
incapacitation, remain essential to safeguarding societal stability.
Unfortunately, in an alleged modern society and so-called civilized culture, which are
actually not the case, counterproductive actions insist upon different results. With the
varied schools of thought perpetrated by various pseudosciences, the probability of
change and transformation of humankind is likely too late. The illusions fostered by non-
scientific instigations in egregious fallacies of inference, contravene and stifle productive
countermeasures for realistic appraisals of human malevolence.
Criminals come in all sizes, shapes and severity of harm they inflict. They corporatists
who exploit the economic system, and politicians who abuse the political systems they
manipulate. Their ranks span a spectrum of self-indulgent hedonistic armed robbers, to
greedy telemarketers who fled the mail and internet with hideous advertisements. The
scope, extent and nature of their criminality are contingent on a “cost-risk-reward”
premeditation. Arguments as to the essence of causality are frivolous and unproductive
when such claims devolve to the externality of deterministic sources.
An abundance of “experts” from many fields of study claim to know the “single
bullet” factor that solves the proverbial “why” question. Why did he or she do the
heinous deed? Politicians, pundits, proselytes and the majority of the public, rush to hasty
generalizations, based on a specious conjecture, to answer that solitary question. Yet,
that part of the cause-effect equation cannot find easy solution. Who knows and
furthermore who cares? More importantly, what happened, what is an appropriate
sanction, and what restores the imbalance caused by the harm?
Of the rudimentary components of who, what, where, when, why and how, in the
criminal justice rubric, it is the “what” that outweighs the “why”. As regards criminality,
knowing the “why” infers invasive actions by the state to oppress civil liberties for the
sake of “public safety and security”. That is the clever ruse of “wannabe scientific” fields
to foster deceptions in order to sell products, services and specious theories.
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