Bridging

Class: ____________Name: _________________________ (
) Date: ______________
Relationship between Science (S1-3) and NSS Biology (S4-6)
S1
Science (S13)
NSS Biology (S46)
Unit in Junior Secondary
Chapter in New Senior Secondary
Science Curriculum
Mastering Biology
Introducing science
Introducing biology
Looking at living things
Introducing biology
19
Biodiversity
27
Basic genetics
2 (E2)
Human responsibilities for the

environment ()
Cells and human reproduction
The wonderful solventwater
The cell as the basic unit of life
11
Cell cycle and division
13
Reproduction in humans
1 (E2)
Human impact on the environment ()
2 (E2)

environment ()
S2
S3
Living things and air
10
Common acids and alkalis
11
Sensing the environment
12
A healthy body
Food and humans
Gas exchange in humans
Nutrition and gas exchange in plants
21
Photosynthesis ()
22
Respiration ()
23
Personal health
1 (E2)
15
Detecting the environment
16
Coordination in humans
23
Personal health
The cell as the basic unit of life
Food and humans
Nutrition in humans
Transport in humans
23
Personal health
25
Non-infectious diseases and disease

prevention ()
13
Metals
1 (E2)
14
Materials of the modern world
2 (E2)
New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology

Oxford University Press 2009
Class: ____________Name: _________________________ (
) Date: ______________
environment ()
15
Light, colour and beyond
15
Detecting the environment
NOT required in Combined Science (Biology)

E2Elective Part Book 2

Class: ____________Name: _________________________ (
) Date: ______________
Apparatus in the laboratory
1
Vocabulary
1
Beaker
Boiling tube
Measuring cylinder
10
Reagent bottle
Bunsen burner
11
Stopper
Dropper
12
Test tube
Dropping bottle
13
Test tube holder
Filter funnel
14
Test tube rack
Flask
15
Tripod
Insulating mat
16
Wire gauze
Exercise 1
1
Write down the name of the following apparatus ().
b
c

___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Class: ____________Name: _________________________ (

2
) Date: ______________
Write down the name of each part of the microscope below using the words in the box.
arm ()
base ()
clip ()
condenser ()
diaphragm () eyepiece () mirror ()
objective ()
stage ()
fine adjustment knob ()
coarse adjustment knob ()
f
g
Match the parts of a microscope with their functions by writing i to ix in the blanks below.
Parts of a microscope
Function
arm
to hold the microscope slide ()
clip
ii
to regulate () the amount of light entering the

condenser
condenser
iii
for large adjustments in focusing ()
diaphragm
iv
can be held to carry the microscope from place to place
eyepiece
a lens near the object that can magnify () the

specimen
mirror
vi
for small adjustments in focusing
objective
vii
to reflect light onto the specimen
coarse adjustment knob
viii a lens you look through that can magnify the specimen
fine adjustment knob
ix
to allow the light to focus on the specimen

Class: ____________Name: _________________________ ( ) Date: ______________

a ____ b ____ c ____ d ____ e ____ f ____ g ____ h ____ i ____

Class: ____________Name: _________________________ (
) Date: ______________
Looking at living things
Vocabulary
1
Amphibian
13
Movement
Backbone
14
Non-flowering plant
Endangered species
15
Nutrition
Excretion
16
Organism
External feature
17
Plant
Feather
18
Reproduction
Flowering plant
19
Reptile
Growth
20
Respiration
Habitat
21
Response
10
Hair
22
Scale
11
Key
23
Vertebrate
12
Mammal
Exercise 2
1
Organisms have seven common characteristics () : _______________, _______________, ____

__________, ______________, ______________, ______________ and ______________.
Organisms are classified () mainly by their ____________________________.
Vertebrates are animals with a _________________.
Vertebrates are divided into five groups as below:

Vertebrates
a i _________ b i __________ c i __________ d i __________ e i __________

Their body surfaces have:

Class: ____________Name: _________________________ ( ) Date: ______________

a ii _________ b ii __________ c ii _________ d ii __________ e ii _________
Plants are classified into ___________________ and _____________________ plants.
A ____________ is useful for identifying () organisms.
_______________________ are those organisms that are in danger of becoming extinct ().
______________ is the place where organisms live.
Write down the groups that the following organisms belong to using the words in the box.
fish amphibians reptiles birds mammals flowering plants non-flowering plants
Cells and human reproduction
3
a ____________________
b ____________________
c ____________________
Vocabulary
1
Cell
14
Penis
Cell membrane
15
Placenta
3
4
Cell wall
d _____________________
Cytoplasm
Egg
18
Sex gland
Fertilization
19
Sexual reproduction
Heredity
20
Sperm
Implantation
21
Sperm duct
Labour
22
Testis
10
Menstruation
23
Umbilical cord
11
12
Nucleus
g ____________________
Ovary
13
Oviduct
16
e ___________________
17
24
h _____________________
25
26
Pregnancy
f ____________________
Scrotum
Urethra
i ___________________
Uterus
Vagina
Exercise 3
Class: ____________Name: _________________________ (

1 a Label the diagram below:
) Date: ______________
iii
i
iv
ii
Which of the above structures () is found in plant cells only?

_______________________________________________________________________

Class: ____________Name: _________________________ (

2
) Date: ______________
Complete the following table about human sex cells.

Sex cells
Name
Organ of
production
Quantity
are produced
each day.
Special
feature
g It has a
is produced about every

28 days.
for
h It stores a lot of
swimming.
Label the male reproductive system below:

Class: ____________Name: _________________________ (
) Date: ______________
Label the female reproductive system below:
Complete the crossword puzzle with the help of the following clues.
a the joining of male and female sex
cells
place
b the organ supplying embryo food
g the structure that controls the cell
and oxygen
activities
c the state of having an embryo

developing inside the uterus
h the basic unit of life

i
d the passing on of characteristics

from one generation to the next
e the rhythmic () muscle
contraction of the uterus to push
the baby out
the process in which the uterine lining

and the unfertilized egg are discharged
the structure that produces sperms
the structure that produces eggs
the structure that receives sperms
b
c
P
R
d
e
D
U
g
h
10
the structure in which fertilization takes
I
Class: ____________Name: _________________________ (

k
) Date: ______________
O
N
Respiration and photosynthesis
4
Vocabulary
1
Alcohol
Breathed air
Light energy
10
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
11
Photosynthesis
Chemical energy
12
Producer
Chlorophyll
13
Respiration
Destarching
14
Starch
Food chain
15
Unbreathed air
Iodine solution
Exercise 4
1
Breathed air contains more _____________________ but less _____________________ than

unbreathed air.
We get energy from _____________________.
_____________________ is the process by which organisms release _____________________

energy from food through a series of reactions ().
Respiration takes place in __________________.
During photosynthesis, __________________ energy from the sun is converted () into

chemical energy by plants.
Below is the word equation () of photosynthesis.

light
Carbon dioxide + __________________
food + __________________
________________
Water, __________________, __________________ and __________________ are

11
Class: ____________Name: _________________________ (

necessary for photosynthesis.
8
) Date: ______________
__________________ is the ultimate () source of energy.
9 In food chains, plants are the __________________ which can produce their own food.
10 The process of removing starch, without damaging the plants is called __________________.
11 The following steps show the test for starch in green leaves.
Step 1
Step 2
hot water
leaf
boiling water
Boil a leaf in water for a minute. This
Put the leaf into a boiling tube of warm
__________________ the leaf.
___________________ in a water bath. This can

remove the ________________________ from the
leaf.
Step 3
Step 4
decolourized leaf
white tile
12

Class: ____________Name: _________________________ (
) Date: ______________
hot water
Dip the leaf into hot water again to
Spread the leaf onto a white tile. Add a few drops of
__________________ it.
________________ solution to the leaf to test
for
the presence of starch. A __________________

colour shows a positive result.

13
Class: ____________Name: _________________________ (
) Date: ______________
Gaseous exchange in animals and

plants
Vocabulary
Air sac
Lung
Bronchus
Nasal cavity
Contract
Nose
Diaphragm
10
Relax
Hydrogencarbonate
11
Rib
indicator
12
Thoracic cavity
Intercostal muscle
13
Trachea
Exercise 5
1
14
Label the human breathing system below:

Class: ____________Name: _________________________ (
) Date: ______________
h
d
i

15
Class: ____________Name: _________________________ (
) Date: ______________
The following diagrams show the breathing mechanism () of humans. Complete the
sentences using the words in the box.
contract
relax
upwards
downwards
increases
decreases
flattens
dome shape () lower
When we breathe IN,
When we breathe OUT,
the intercostal muscles ____________.
higher
the intercostal muscles ______________.

Ribs move ________________ and
________________.
________________.
the f
diaphragm ________________.
outwards
Ribs move ________________ and
b The diaphragm muscles contract and
The volume of the thoracic cavity
d The lungs expand. The air pressure in
The diaphragm muscles relax and the

diaphragm returns to _______________.
________________.
16
inwards
The volume of the thoracic cavity

________________.
theh
The lungs contract. The air pressure in

Class: ____________Name: _________________________ ( ) Date: ______________

lungs is ________________ than
the
the lungs is ________________ than the
atmospheric pressure ().
atmospheric pressure. Air is forced out of
Air goes into the lungs.
the lungs.

17
Class: ____________Name: _________________________ (

3
) Date: ______________
Answer the following questions by referring to the experiment below.
bench lamp
leaf
aluminium foil
hydrogencarbonate
indicator
After several hours, the colours of the hydrogencarbonate indicator in the test tubes are
observed. Complete the following table.
Before the experiment

After the experiment
b
Tube A
Tube B
Tube C
orange
orange
orange
ii
iii
From the above results, we see that plants take in ____________________________ under
sunlight.
18
Plants carry out ____________________________ both in daytime and at night.

Class: ____________Name: _________________________ (
) Date: ______________
Sensing the environment
6
Vocabulary
A Biological terms
1
Blind spot
12
Light sensitive cell
Brain
13
Long sight
Cerebellum
14
Medulla
Cerebrum
15
Nerve impulse
Choroid
16
Optic nerve
Colour blindness
17
Pupil
Conjunctiva
18
Retina
Cornea
19
Sclera
Eye defect
20
Sense
10
Iris
21
Sense organ
11
Lens
22
Short sight
B Common expressions
Example
refract ()
The curved surface of cornea helps refract light into the eye.

focus ()
The lens focuses light onto the retina.

... transmit ()...
The optic nerve transmits nerve impulses to the brain.

C Common misspelt words

choroid
X chloroid
lens
X len
blind spot
X bind spot
impulse
X impluse

19
Class: ____________Name: _________________________ (
20
) Date: ______________

Class: ____________Name: _________________________ (
) Date: ______________
Exercise 6A
1
Label the human eye below:
Match the different parts of a human eye with their functions by writing i to ix in the blanks below.
Parts of a human eye
Function
conjunctiva
to regulate the size of pupil
cornea
ii
contains light sensitive cells
lens
iii
to protect the cornea
pupil
iv
to reduce the reflection of light inside the eye
iris
to allow light to enter the eye
retina
vi
to maintain the shape of eyeball
choroid
vii
to refract and focus light onto the retina
sclera
viii to transmit nerve impulses to the brain
optic nerve
ix
a layer behind conjunctiva and helps refract light
a _____ b _____ c _____ d _____ e _____ f _____ g _____ h _____ i _____

21
Class: ____________Name: _________________________ (
) Date: ______________
Instructional words
Instructional word
Meaning / Requirement
Explain / Account for ()
Give reasons for
Name / Label ( )
Give the name(s) of (no need to explain or describe but

spelling must be correct)
Using the letters in the diagram
Just give the letters in the diagram instead of writing the
()
name of the structure
Exercise 6B
The diagram below shows the structures of the human brain.
Name structures A, B and C.

___________________________________________________________________________
What are their main functions?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Heroin ( ) is a pain-killer ( ) that affects the function of the brain. Using the letters in
the diagram, state the part of the brain that heroin has its effect on? Explain your answer.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
22

Class: ____________Name: _________________________ (
) Date: ______________
Food substances
Vocabulary
A Biological terms
1
Albustix paper
Balanced diet
Calcium
Carbohydrate
Clinistix paper
Constipation
Deficiency disease
Dietary fibre
Energy requirement
10
Energy value
11
Fat
12
Food pyramid
13
Glucose
14
Goitre
15
Iodine test
16
Kwashiorkor
17
Mineral
18
Night blindness
19
Protein
20
Rickets
21
Scurvy
22
Spot test
23
Starch
24
Translucent spot
25
Vitamin
B Common misspelt words

dietary fibre
X diary fibre / daily fibre
cellulose
X cellose

23
Class: ____________Name: _________________________ (
24
) Date: ______________

Class: ____________Name: _________________________ (
) Date: ______________
Exercise 7A
1
Fill in the blanks below.

Food substance
Glucose
Food test
a
Positive result
Using ________________
paper
c
Starch
The test paper changes from

pink to _______________.
________________ test
The solution changes from

brown to _______________.
Fat
________________ test
A _____________________
is left.
Protein
Using ________________
paper
The test paper changes from

yellow to _______________.
Complete the crossword puzzle with the help of the following clues.
Across
Down
a a deficiency disease caused by a
lack of vitamin C in the diet

b a mineral that is essential for the
calcium in the diet

ii a food substance needed for growth and
formation of bones and teeth

c a type of food substance. Iron is an
a deficiency disease caused by a lack of
repair of body tissues

iii a solution which can be used to test for
example
the presence of starch
d stored under skin to keep us warm

e a deficiency disease caused by a
lack of dietary fibres in the diet
ii

iii
25
Class: ____________Name: _________________________ (

d
) Date: ______________
F
O
O
D
26

Class: ____________Name: _________________________ (
) Date: ______________
Instructional words
Instructional word
Calculate ()
Find out the answer by working with numbers (remember to
give a unit to the answer; study the question carefully to see
whether you are required to show the steps)
Suggest ( / )
Put forward ideas, hypotheses, thoughts
Exercise 7B
The table below shows the daily energy requirements of different people.
Person
Age
Gender
Occupation
Daily energy requirement (kJ)
female
pupil
6000
15
male
student
9300
25
female
office worker
8000
25
male
office worker
10 900
25
male
labourer
14 800
Given that the energy value of potato is 300 kJ / 100 g. Calculate the amount of potato that
person B should take if he feeds on potato alone to satisfy his daily energy requirement. Show
your steps.
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
2
Why should not persons A and B feed on potato alone?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
3
The daily energy requirement of person E is much higher than that of person D. Calculate and
account for the difference.
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

27
Class: ____________Name: _________________________ ( ) Date: ______________

4 Persons C and D are at the same age and have the same occupation but person D requires more
energy than person C. Suggest a reason for it.
_______________________________________________________________________
28

Class: ____________Name: _________________________ (
) Date: ______________
Human digestive system
8
Vocabulary
A Biological terms
1
Alimentary canal
11
Glucose
Amino acid
12
Glycerol
Carbohydrate
13
Large intestine
Churn
14
Oesophagus
Digestion
15
Protein
Digestive juice
16
Saliva
Digestive system
17
Small intestine
Enzyme
18
Starch
Fat
19
Stomach
Fatty acid
20
Villus
10
Example
secrete ()
Stomach secretes digestive juices.

digest ()
An enzyme in saliva digests starch.

is absorbed ()
The digested food is absorbed into the blood.

is swallowed ()
The chewed food is swallowed down the oesophagus.

is broken down into ()
Starch is broken down into glucose.

is used for ()
Amino acids are used for growth and repair.


29
Class: ____________Name: _________________________ (
) Date: ______________

pancreas
X pancrease
enzyme
X emzyme
30

Class: ____________Name: _________________________ (
) Date: ______________
Exercise 8A
1
The human digestive system consists of an __________________________________ as well as

some organs that secrete ____________________________.
Digestion begins in the ______________. An ______________ in saliva digests starch in food.
After chewing, muscles in the _________________ contract to push food down to the stomach.
The stomach secretes digestive juice to digest _______________ in food. ________________ is

also present to kill the germs.
The ________________________________ completes the digestion of starch, proteins and fats.

It absorbs digested food and most water through its wall into the ________________.
After digestion, starch is broken down into __________________, proteins are broken down into
________________ and fats are broken down into _______________ and ________________.
The small intestine ________________ digested food. Its wall has many tiny finger-like
projections called _________________.
After absorption, amino acids are used for _______________ and _______________.
Label the human digestive system below:
a
b
g
e
h

31
Class: ____________Name: _________________________ (
) Date: ______________
Instructional words
Instructional word
Explain / Account for ()
Give reasons for
Name / Label ()
Give the name(s) of (no need to explain or describe but

spelling must be correct)
Describe ()
Give an account of (no need to mention the cause or the

reason)
State ( / )
Answer briefly () and to the point in the form of

statements or a list
Exercise 8B
The diagram below shows a part of the human digestive system.
Explain why digestion is necessary in humans.

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Name the secretion from the mouth that can digest food.
______________________________________________________________________________
Describe how A can help digest food.

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
State one function of B that is not related to digestion.

______________________________________________________________________________
32

Class: ____________Name: _________________________ (
) Date: ______________
Human circulatory system
9
Vocabulary
A Biological terms
1
Artery
Auricle
Blood pressure
Blood vessel
Capillary
Chamber
Circulatory system
Heart
Heart string
10
Heartbeat rate
11
Muscular wall
12
Septum
13
Valve
14
Vein
15
Ventricle
Example
pump ()
The right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs.

flow ()
When both auricles and ventricles relax, blood flows into the
heart.

contract ()
relax ()
When the auricles relax, blood flows into them. Then the
auricles contract, squeezing the blood into the ventricles.


33
Class: ____________Name: _________________________ (
) Date: ______________

aorta
X arota
artery
X artary
capillary
X capiliary
34

Class: ____________Name: _________________________ (
) Date: ______________
Exercise 9A
1
Our circulatory system consists of ________________ as the transport medium,

____________________________ as the network of tubes and the _______________ as the
pump of the system.
There are three types of blood vessels. They are __________________, __________________
and _________________.
The _______________ carry blood towards the heart.
The heart pumps blood through the _________________ to the body.
The _________________ keep blood flowing in one direction only.
The ________________________ of the heart has the thickest wall.
The valves are held by the heart _________________.
The _______________________ of the heart pumps blood around the body while the
_______________________ pumps blood to the lungs.
The space inside the heart is divided into two sides by a thick wall of muscle called the
_________________.
10 Label the human heart below:
d
a
e
b
f
c
g

35
Class: ____________Name: _________________________ (
) Date: ______________
Instructional words
Instructional word
Compare ()
Give the similarities and differences (sometimes it is
more appropriate to use comparative words like greater,
thicker, larger, etc.)
Briefly ()
Give a short statement of the main points only

(e.g. briefly describe, briefly explain)
Using the letters in the diagram
Just give the letters in the diagram instead of writing the
()
name of the structure
Exercise 9B
The diagram below shows the vertical section of a human heart.
B
C
Using the letters in the diagram, give the parts that can contract.
______________________________________________________________________________
Compare the compositions of blood in chambers X and Y.

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Name the blood vessel which has blood at the highest pressure. Briefly explain your answer.
______________________________________________________________________________
36

Class: ____________Name: _________________________ ( ) Date: ______________

______________________________________________________________________________

37
Vocabulary
Carbon dioxide
Tripod
Constipation
Stomach
Plancenta
Large intestine
Cerebrum
Iris
Glucose
Test tube
Test tube holder
Test tube rack
Stopper
Reagent bottle
Food chain
Stage
Nerve impulse
Septum
Cerebellum
Oesophagus
Insulating mat
Flask
Boiling tube
Uterus
Mammal
Alimentary canal
Dropping bottle
Labour
Trachea
Dropper
Chemical energy
Air sac
Filter funnel
Mirror
Oxygen
Testis
Thoracic cavity
Response
Auricle
Choroid
Ventricle
Energy value
Heart
Energy requirement
Hydrogencarbon
Backbone
ate indicator
Vertebrate
Alcohol
Vitamin
Condenser
Enzyme
Artery
Long sight
Eyepiece
Nasal cavity
Menstruation
Bronchus
Bunsen burner
Glycerol
Organism
Producer
Objective
Carbohydrate
Sperm
Reproduction
Excretion
Habitat
Eye defect
Coarse adjustment knob
Cell
Nucleus
Photosynthesis
Cell membrane
Light energy
Cytoplasm
Oviduct
Goitre
Diaphragm
Diaphragm
Starch
Cell wall
Sperm duct
Destarching
Heredity
Vein
Sexual reproduction
Flowering plant
38
Sclera
Protein

Contract
Rib
Intercostal muscle
Penis
Vagina
Scrotum
Colour
blindness
Blood
vessel
Saliva
Circulatory system
Lens
Rickets
Implantation
Egg
Non-flowering plant
Ovary
Cornea
Conjunctiva
Balanced diet
Pupil
Arm
Deficiency disease
Key
Umbilical cord
Scurvy
Pregnancy
Endangered species
Villus
Chamber
Optic nerve
Amphibian
Fertilization
Retina
Breathed air
Measuring cylinder
Respiration
Medulla
Sex glands
Fine adjustment knob
Reptile
Light sensitive cell
Blind spot
Relax
Mineral
Wire gauze
Churn
Scale
Sense
Lung
Sense organ
Short sight
Iodine solution
Iodine test
Chlorophyll
Answers
Exercise 1 (p. 2)
1
a wire gauze

tripod
39
c Bunsen burner
e boiling tube
test tube rack
g filter funnel
beaker
i measuring cylinder
flask
a eyepiece
objective
d stage
mirror
g fine adjustment knob
arm
j base
diaphragm
a iv
c ix
g v
iii
test tube
clip
coarse adjustment knob
i
ii
e viii
condenser
f
vii
vi
Exercise 2 (p. 4)
1
growth, nutrition, respiration, movement, response, excretion, reproduction
external features
backbone
a i
fish
d i
birds
a ii
slimy scales
d ii
feathers
b i
e
amphibians
c i
reptiles
mammals
b ii
e
ii
moist skin
ii hard dry scales
birds
hair
flowering, non-flowering
key
Endangered species
Habitat
a mammals
fish
d mammals
flowering plants
g reptiles
mammals
amphibians
non-flowering plants
Exercise 3 (p. 6)
1
a i
nucleus
iii
b
2
40
cell membrane
ii cytoplasm
iv
cell wall
Cell wall
a sperm
egg
c testis
ovary
e Many
One
g tail
food
a sperm duct
urethra
c scrotum
sex glands
e penis
testis
a ovary
uterus
c oviduct
vagina
5
E
A C
N T
R E
E D
N A
C Y
T Y
F
L
P
c
d
H
e
A B
U R
U C
C L
E L
L
A
h
i
N S
R U
S T
V A
U S
M
j
T
k
l
Exercise 4 (p. 9)
1
carbon dioxide, oxygen
2 food
Respiration, chemical
cells
light
water, chlorophyll, oxygen
carbon dioxide, chlorophyll, light
producers
11
Step 1
kills
Step 2
alcohol, chlorophyll
Step 3
soften
Step 4
iodine, blue-black
8 Sun
10
destarching
Exercise 5 (p. 11)

1
a nose
intercostal muscle
d air sac
nasal cavity
g lung
rib
a contract, upwards, outwards
flattens
c increases
lower
e relax, downwards, inwards
dome shape
g decreases
higher
a i
purple
ii
yellow
c bronchus
f
trachea
i diaphragm
iii orange
b carbon dioxide
41
c respiration
Exercise 6A (p. 15)

1
a conjunctiva
cornea
d lens
iris
g choroid
retina
a iii
ix
c vii
d v
g iv
vi
i viii
j
2
42
pupil
sclera
blind spot
optic nerve
ii

Exercise 6B (p. 16)

1
a A cerebrum
B cerebellum
C medulla
b
Cerebrum is the site of intelligence.

Cerebellum coordinates muscular movements.
Medulla controls involuntary actions.
A.
The cerebrum receives impulses from receptors and give sensations such as pain.
Exercise 7A (p. 18)

1
a Clinistix paper
purple
c Iodine test
d blue-black
e Spot
f translucent spot
g Albustix
green
2
a
R
I
b
K
c
ii
P
R
iii
O
e
N
E
Exercise 7B (p. 19)

1
(9300 / 300 100) g = 3100 g = 3.1 kg

He should take 3.1 kg of potato.
They are at the age of active growth and they need a lot of proteins.
(14 800 10 900) kJ = 3900 kJ

Person E needs to do heavy manual work which involves a lot of muscular movements.
Person D is a male who has more muscles to contract.

43
Exercise 8A (p. 21)

1
alimentary canal, digestive juices
mouth, enzyme
oesophagus
proteins, Acid
small intestine, blood
glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, glycerol
absorbs, villi
growth, repair
a mouth
salivary gland
c oesophagus
d liver
small intestine
g pancreas
44
stomach
large intestine

Exercise 8B (p. 22)

1
The food eaten by us is too large to pass through the wall of the small intestine. Digestion makes the
food suitable for absorption.
2
3
Saliva
Stomach (A) churns and mixes the food with digestive juice. The digestive juice contains enzymes to
digest proteins and acids to kill germs in the food.
Absorption of food
Exercise 9A (p. 24)

1
blood, blood vessels, heart
arteries, veins, capillaries
veins
arteries
valves
left ventricle
strings
left ventricle, right ventricle
septum
10
a right auricle
septum
c right ventricle
left auricle
e valve
heart string
g left ventricle
Exercise 9B (p. 25)

1
B, D, E and G
The oxygen content of blood in X is lower than that in Y.

The carbon dioxide content of blood in X is higher than that in Y.
Aorta. The left ventricle of the heart has the thickest wall and produces the greatest blood pressure to
pump blood around the body.

45

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Class: ____________Name: _________________________ (

Relationship between Science (S1-3) and NSS Biology (S4-6)

NSS Biology (S46)

Unit in Junior Secondary

Chapter in New Senior Secondary

Looking at living things

Human responsibilities for the

Cells and human reproduction

The wonderful solventwater

The cell as the basic unit of life

Cell cycle and division

Human impact on the environment ()

Human responsibilities for the

Living things and air

Common acids and alkalis

Sensing the environment

Food and humans

Gas exchange in humans

Nutrition and gas exchange in plants

Human impact on the environment ()

Detecting the environment

The cell as the basic unit of life

Food and humans

Non-infectious diseases and disease

Human impact on the environment ()

Materials of the modern world

Human responsibilities for the

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology

Class: ____________Name: _________________________ (

Light, colour and beyond

Detecting the environment

NOT required in Combined Science (Biology)

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology

Class: ____________Name: _________________________ (

Apparatus in the laboratory

Test tube holder

Test tube rack

Write down the name of the following apparatus ().

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology

Class: ____________Name: _________________________ (

diaphragm () eyepiece () mirror ()

fine adjustment knob ()

coarse adjustment knob ()

to hold the microscope slide ()

to regulate () the amount of light entering the

for large adjustments in focusing ()

can be held to carry the microscope from place to place

a lens near the object that can magnify () the

for small adjustments in focusing

to reflect light onto the specimen

coarse adjustment knob

fine adjustment knob

to allow the light to focus on the specimen

Class: ____________Name: _________________________ ( ) Date: ______________

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology

Class: ____________Name: _________________________ (

Looking at living things

Organisms have seven common characteristics () : _______________, _______________, ____

Organisms are classified () mainly by their ____________________________.

Vertebrates are animals with a _________________.

Vertebrates are divided into five groups as below:

a i _________ b i __________ c i __________ d i __________ e i __________

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology

Class: ____________Name: _________________________ ( ) Date: ______________

Class: Name: _____________ (

Class: Name: _____________ (

Class: Name: _____________ (

Class: Name: _____________ (

Class: Name: _ ( ) Date: __

Class: Name: _____________ (

Organisms have seven common characteristics () : _____, _,

a i _ b i c i d i e i ____

Class: Name: _ ( ) Date: __

Plants are classified into _ and ___ plants.

Class: Name: _____________ (

Class: Name: _____________ (

Class: Name: _____________ (

Class: Name: _____________ (

Breathed air contains more _ but less _ than

_ is the process by which organisms release _

Water, , and __ are

Class: Name: _____________ (

Class: Name: _____________ (

Class: Name: _____________ (

Class: Name: _____________ (

Class: Name: _____________ (

Class: Name: _ ( ) Date: __