Appendix F

Ionic Radii
THE FOLLOWING data are selected mostly from the extensive compilation
of R. D. Shannon [Acta Crystallogr. A32, 751-767 (1976)]. As Shannon
emphasizes, ionic radii r are influenced by the coordination number C.N.
and, because only the sums of anion and cation radii can be measured
crystallographically, by the choice of a reference radius. Here, radii are
calculated relative to r - 140 pm for 0 2- (C.N. 6), giving values close to
the traditional ionic radii of Goldschmidt, Pauling, and others. (Shannon
favors a scale based on r - 126 pm for 0 2- with C.N. 6, giving radii 14
pm larger for cations and 14 pm smaller for anions, in better accordance
with expectations of the actual sizes of atoms and ions.) Apparent radii for
atoms in very high oxidation states (e.g., "N 5+'') are not included because
such small, highly charged ions do not exist as such in molecules or crystal
lattices. The symbol # indicates that the ion occurs only in environments
with different interionic distances; the radius quoted is an approximate
average value only. The abbreviation sq denotes square planar (as distinct
from tetrahedral) coordination, and ls indicates the low spin (spin-paired)
alternative for ions with electronic configurations nd 4 through nd 7 (all other
entries are high spin, where this distinction exists). The ion "Hg +'' exists
in compounds as the dimer Hg22+.

Io.
Ag +
A13+
Au +
Au 3+
Ba 2+
Be 2+

C.N.

(pro)

Io.

2
4
4
6
6
4sq
6
8
4

67
100
39
53.5
137
68
135
142
27

Bi 3+
BrCa 2+
Cd 2+
Ce 3+

C.N.
6
6
6
8
4
6
6
8
9

459

(pro)
103
196
100
112
78
95
101
114
120

Ce a+
C1Co 2+

Co 3+
Cr 2+
Cr 3+

C.N.

(pro)

6
6
4
6
6ls
6
61s
6
6

87
181
58
74.5
65
61
54.5
80#
61.5

460

Appendix F

Ion
Cs +
Cu +
Cu 2+

C.N.
6
8
2
4
4

4sq
Eu 2+
Eu 3+

F-

Fe 2+

6
9
6
8
9
2
4
6
4
6

61s
Fe 3+

4
6

61s
G a 3+
Hf 4+
Hg +
Hg 2+

IIn 3+
Ir 3+
K+

La 3+

4
6
6
3
2
4
6
6
4
6
6
4
6
8
6
8

C.N.

r (pm)
167
174
46
60
57
57
73#
130
95
107
112
129
131
133
63
78
61
49
64.5
55
47
62
71
97
69
96
102
220
62
80
68
137
138
151
103
116

La 3+
Li +
Lu 3+
Mg 2+
Mn 2+

9
4
6
6
8
4
6
4
6

61s
Mn 3+

6ls
Mn 4+
N 3Na +

Ni 2+

6
4
4
6
8
4

4sq
Ni 3+

6
6

61s#
0 2-

OH-

Pb 2+

Pb 4+
P d 2+
P t 2+

2
4
6
2
4
6
4
6
8
4
6

4sq
4sq
6

(pro)
122
59
76
86
98
57
72
66
83
67
64.5
58
53
146
100
105
118
55
49
69
60
56
135
138
140
132
135
137
98
119
129
65
77.5
64
60

8o#

P t 4+
Rh 3+
Rb +
Ru 3+
Ru 4+
S 2Sc 3+
Se 2Sn 2+
Sn 4+
Sr 2+
Te 2Th 4+
Ti 3+
Ti 4+
T1 +
T13+
U 3+
U 4+
V 2+
V 3+
V 4+
W 4+
y3+
Zn 2+
Zr 4+

C.N.

(pro)

6
6
6
8
6
6
6
6
6
6
4
6
6
8
6
8
12
6
4
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
8
4
6
4
6
8

62.5
66.5
152
161
68
62
184
74.5
198
96#
55
69
118
126
221
105
121
67
42
60.5
150
88.5
103
89
79
64
58
66
90
102
60
74
59
72
84