Urban Hydraulics

Master in Civil Engineering- Building Constructions

1st Year, 1st Semester

NOTEBOOK TEACHING MATERIALS

Ricardo Gomes

Department of Civil Engineering

What are the capability of EPANET2 modelling?

Size of the network to analyze unlimited;
Calculation of the head loss using the formulas Hazen-Williams. Darcy-Weisbach or
Manning-Stricler;
Consideration of located head loss of curves, flares, nips
Modeling pumps constant speed and variable;
Calculation of the pumping energy and its cost;
Modelling of valves, including cut valves, retention, pressure regulation and flow;
Modeling the storage tanks, by volume curves as a function of water depth;
Multiple patterns demand at nodes, each with its own pattern of variation over time;
Modelling the relationship between the pressure and flow (pressure-driven demand);
Possibility of basing the operating conditions of the system in simple controls. dependent on
a single condition or multiple conditions with controls.
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How to use EPANET2?

Draw a schematic representation of the water distribution network;
Edit the properties of the objects that constitute the system
Describe the operating conditions of the system;
Selecting a set of simulation operations;
Run a hydraulic simulation;
View the simulation results.

Desktop of EPANET2

Desktop of WaterGEMS

Desktop of WatDis

Desktop of EPANET Z

Case study

Case study - using EPANET

Consider the schematic of the water distribution network shown in Figure 1. The network is supplied by gravity from a
reservoir to the large dimension 81 m. The maximum flow at entry point of the system (45 l/s), is associated with a
peak factor of 2.0 (flow path) and 1.0 (located demand). In Table 1 and 2 are given the physical characteristics of the
network.

Procedure to show the simulation results:

Draw a schematic representation of the water distribution network;
Edit the properties of the objects that constitute the system;
Describe the operating conditions of the system;
Selecting a set of simulation operations;
Run a hydraulic simulation;
View the simulation results.

Figure 1 Schematic of water distribution network and located demand.

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Case study - using EPANET

Table ID nodes.
Node

Located demand (l/s)

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Table ID pipes.
Pipe

R-A

A-B

B-E

A-C

C-D

D-E

E-H

H-K

J-K

C-J

D-G

E-F

F-I

I-L

Material

FF

FF

FF

FF

FF

FF

PVC

PVC

PVC

FF

FF

FF

FF

FF

CH.W.

125

125

125

125

125

125

130

130

130

125

125

125

125

125

L (m)

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

250

250

250

D (mm)

250

200

125

200

125

100

84.6

84.6

84.6

125

100

100

100

100

Cd

0.0

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.0

0.0

0.0

CH.W. Coefficient Hazen-Williams

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Case study - using EPANET

Answer the following questions (step calculation 1 hour):
a) Construction of the mathematical model of hydraulic simulation (static simulation, for peak demand).
b) Define the system of equations required for hydraulics simulation, required in the previous
paragraph: i) formulation of nodes. ii) formulation of the meshes and iii) formulation of the pipes.
c) Interpretation of results for a simulation of 24 hours (dynamic simulation) and indicate the maximum
number of flats above the soil that would be possible to ensuring the demand without using pumps.
d) Check the hydraulic behavior of the system (for 24 hours) when the pipe HK is out of service due to
work operation and / or maintenance.
e) Assuming that the pattern demand in c) may not be the most correct, check the behavior of the
hydraulic system for change of demand uniformly distributed throughout the network -15%, and
thereafter + 15%.
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