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Introduccin
Se propone un procedimiento de diseo basado en :
- Peso mnimo
b
- Forma predefinida
- Ductilidad preestablecida
t
h
b
t
Aplicable a :
b
kb
- Secciones rectangulares, T o I
- Simple o doblemente armadas
- Cualquier condicin de momento
Diego Miramontes De Len
Suposiciones bsicas
.
u
c
Asi
s = u (d c) / c
As
Fsi
Cc
fc=f(c)
Fs =Asf(s) =Asfs
u
c
dy
y
A=
M=
c
0
c
f ( )dy =
u
f()
dA = f()dy
dV = bf()dy
c
y=
u
derivando con respecto a
dy
dy = c d
= c
d
u
u
dy
y
Cc
u
0
f ( )d
c2 u
f ( ) ydy = 2 f ( ) d
u 0
* Secciones rectangulares
bc u
Nc =
f ( )d
0
u
bc 2
Mc = 2
u
u
0
f ( ) d
Diego Miramontes De Len
As
As
Cc
Fs
Fs
(cb / u )
u
0
Mr = c b /
2
f ( )d + As' f s = As f y
2
u
u
0
f ( ) d + As' f s (c d ' ) + As f y ( d c )
Diego Miramontes De Len
d
As
As
As
c
d
As
kb
u ( c t ) / c
0
Mr = b' c /
2
2
u
f ( ) d + bc / u
u ( c t ) / c
0
u
u ( c t ) / c
f ( ) d + bc /
2
2
u
f ( )d + As' f s' = As f y
u
u
Expresiones Adimensionales
Dividiendo entre (bdfc ) y (bd2fc ) las fuerzas y momentos respectivamente
Recordando que :
( c / d ) u f 0
'
c
As
= p
bd
y a su vez que :
fs
= q
f c'
fy
fs
f ( ) d + p ' ' = p '
fc
fc
Mr
(c / d ) 2
Q= ' 2 =
f c bd
f c' u2
u
0
f ( ) d + p
fy
f c'
(1 c / d ) + p '
fs
[ (c / d ) ( d ' / d ) ]
'
fc
d
As
As
t
kb
c
d
As
As
(b' / b)(c / d ) u ( c t ) / c
(1 b' / b)(c / d ) u
fs
fy
f
(
)
d
+
f
(
)
d
+
p
'
=
p
0
u ( c t ) / c
u f c'
u f c'
f c'
f c'
fy
Mr (b' / b)(c / d ) 2 u (c t ) / c
(1 b' / b)(c / d ) 2 u
fs
Q= 2 ' =
f ( ) d +
0
u (c t ) / c f ( )d + p fc' (1 c / d ) + p' fc' (c / d d ' / d )
bd f c
f c' u2
f c' u2
Condicin de equilibrio
Requisito mnimo de diseo :
MD =
MR = MD
M u = Fc m M m + Fc v M v
M = L2 / 8
en general :
M = L2 / F
M = L2 / 12
M = L2 / 24
Cargas : = m + v + a +...
M m = AL2 / F
Factor de forma
Distribucin del rea :
A
=
bh
b
t
b
t
b
kb
t
b'
t
Factor de forma : = (1 + k ) + 1 2
h
b
h
Diego Miramontes De Len
MR = MD
A
Despejando Mm y substituyendo b =
h
FrQAd 2 f c' Fcv
Mm =
Mv
Fcm h
Fcm
Despejando A :
Mv
Fcm h
Fcm
2
Fcv
Mv
Fcm
A=
FrQd 2 f c' L2
Fcm h
F
Diego Miramontes De Len
As
As
Cc
Fs
''
c
f bd
fy
fs
0.8(c / d ) + p' '' = p ''
fc
fc
a=1c=0.8c
Fs
f c'' ab + As' f s = As f y
As f y
f c'' ab As' f s
+
=
f c''bd f c''bd f c''bd
pero :
As
= p
bd
fy
p '' = q
fc
0.8(c / d ) + q ' = q
Diego Miramontes De Len
fy
fs
Mr
2
=
0
.
32
(
c
/
d
)
+
p
'
(
0
.
8
c
/
d
d
'
/
d
)
+
p
(1 0.8c / d )
''
2
''
f
f c bd
fc
c
Q=
Mr
2
=
0
.
32
(
c
/
d
)
+ q ' (0.8c / d d ' / d ) + q (1 0.8c / d )
''
2
f c bd
Mv
FrQd 2 f c'' L2
Fcm h
F
Diego Miramontes De Len
d
As
As
t
kb
c
d
As
As
Suma de fuerzas :
fy
fs
t / d (1 b' / b) + (0.8c / d )(b' / b) + p' '' = p ''
fc
fc
Suma de momentos :
fs
fs
Mr
Q = '' 2 = t / d (1 b' / b)(0.8c / d ) (0.5t / d ) + p' '' (0.8c / d d ' / d ) + p '' (1 0.8c / d )
f c bd
fc
fc
Diego Miramontes De Len
Procedimiento
1.
2.
3.
4.
6.
6.
7.
Seccin rectangular
Ejemplo 1a.- Simplemente armada!
fc = 250 kg/cm2
h = 60cm,
d = 55cm
L = 10m
v = 2 T/m
=1
s= 0.003
Mv =
M = L2 / 8
2(10) 2
8
= 25 T-m
u
c
0.003
=
= 0 .5
d 0.003 + 0.003
por definicin
u= 0.003
De la suma de fuerzas :
0.8(c / d ) + q ' = q
q = 0.8
c
d
= 0.8(0.5) = 0.4
a = qd = 0.4(55) = 22
Diego Miramontes De Len
Seccin rectangular
De la suma de momentos :
Mr
= 0.32(c / d ) 2 + q ' (0.8c / d d ' / d ) + q (1 0.8c / d )
''
2
f c bd
Q=
2
c
c
Q = 0.32 + q 1 0.8 = 0.32(0.5) 2 + 0.4[1 0.8(0.5)]= 0.32
d
d
Mv
FrQd 2 f c'' L2
Fcm h
F
A=
2500000
= 1708.65cm2
2
2
0.9(0.32)(55) (170) 0.0024(1000)
1.4(1)(60)
8
Dimensiones y refuerzo
Las dimensiones de la seccin son :
El refuerzo requerido es :
b=
A 1708 .65
=
= 28.47cm
h
1(60)
''
qf
0.4(170)
= 0.0162
p= c =
fy
4200
2
As = pbd = 25 .37 cm
h=60
As = 25 .37 cm
5cm
b=28.47
T = As f y = 25.37(4200) = 106,554.00kg
C = f c'' ba = 170 ( 28.47 )( 22) = 106,477 .80kg
Diego Miramontes De Len
Mtodo convencional
Ejemplo 1b.- Seccin rectangular simplemente armada!
fc = 250 kg/cm2
h = 60cm,
d = 55cm
L = 10m
v = 2 T/m
=1
s= 0.003
M = L2 / 8
WD = 2.41(1.4) = 3.374T / m
q = 1 1
WD l 2 3.374(10) 2
=
= 42.175t m = 4'217,500kg cm
MD =
8
8
Mu
4'217,500.00
= 1 1
= 0.4
2
2
0.45 f ' ' cbd
0.45(170 )(28.47)(55)
p=q
f ''c
170
= 0 .4
= 0.01619
fy
4200
Seccin rectangular
Ahora q=0.3q !
h = 40cm,
d = 35cm
L = 7m
v = 1 T/m
=1
s= 0.0021
d=5cm
M = L2 / 8
1(7) 2
= 6.125T m
Mu =
8
u
c
0.003
=
= 0.588
+
d 0.003 0.0021
por definicin
u= 0.003
De la suma de fuerzas :
0.8(c / d ) + q ' = q
q = 0.8
c
+ q' = 0.8(0.588) + 0.3q = 0.47 + 0.3q
d
Diego Miramontes De Len
Seccin rectangular
q=
0.47
= 0.672
0.7
De la suma de momentos :
Q=
Mr
= 0.32(c / d ) 2 + q ' (0.8c / d d ' / d ) + q (1 0.8c / d )
''
2
f c bd
2
Q = 0 . 32 ( 0 . 588 ) + 0 . 202 [0 . 8 (0 . 588 ) 0 . 143 ] + 0 . 672 [1 0 . 8 (0 . 588
)] =
0 . 5326
Mv
FrQd 2 f c'' L2
Fcm h
F
A=
612,500.00
= 478.87cm2
2
2
0.9(0.5326)(35) (136) 0.0024(700)
1.4(1)(40)
8
Dimensiones y refuerzo
A 478.87
=
= 11.97 cm
b=
h 1( 40)
qf c'' 0.672(136)
=
= 0.0217
p=
fy
4200
''
q' f c
0.202(136)
=
= 0.0065
p' =
fy
4200
2
As = pbd = 0.0217(11.97)(35) = 9.10cm
As = 2.72 cm
As = 9.10 cm
5cm
b=11.97
T = As f y = (9.10)(4200) = 38,220.00kg
''
'
C = f c ba + As f y = 136(11.97)(16.464) + 2.72(4200) = 38,226.07kg
Mtodo convencional
Ejemplo 2b.- Doblemente armada!
Nuevamente debe tomarse el ancho antes obtenido b = 11.97cm
NO SE SABE A PRIORI SI SE REQUIERE DOBLE REFUERZO !
Se calcula el peso propio para agregarlo a la carga viva :
A = bh = 11.97(40) = 478.8cm 2, 0.04788 ( 2.4) = 0.1149T m , WD = 1.149(1.4) = 1.6088T m
Momento de diseo :
2
MD
2
WD l
1.6088(7 )
=
=
= 9.853T m = 985,370.40kg cm
8
8
ndice de refuerzo :
q = 1 1
Mu
985,370.4
=
= Raz Negativa
1
1
2
2
(
)
0.45 f ' ' cbd
0.45 136 (11.97 )(35)
La seccin es insuficiente
Aumentar dimensiones !
Doblemente armada !
Diego Miramontes De Len
Doblemente armada
Usando porcentaje mximo
f c'' 60001
pb =
f y f y + 6000
a
Mr1 = FR As f y d = 0.9(6.37)(4200)(35-8.215) = 644,746.86 kg
2 cm
Falta por soportar :
'
'
M ' = FR As f y (d d )
'
As =
340,623.54
= 3.00
0.9(4200)(30)
Comparacin de resultados
Propuesto
Mtodo propuesto
Mtodo
convencional
q = 0.672
q = 0.602
b = 13.68 cm
b = 13.68 cm
As = 9.10 cm2
As = 9.37 cm2
As = 2.72 cm2
As = 3.00 cm2
h=40
As = 2.72 cm
As = 9.10 cm
5cm
b=11.97
Convencional
h=40
As = 3.00 cm
As = 9.37 cm
5cm
b=11.97
Diego Miramontes De Len
Seccin T
Ejemplo 3a.- Seccin T simplemente armada!
fc= 200 kg/cm2 h = 35cm
d = 30cm, L = 7m
t/h = 0.2,
b/b =0.2
s = 0.005
1(7) 2
= 6.125T m
Mu =
8
M = L2 / 8
b
t
Factor de forma :
Wu = 1 T/m
d
As
b
c = 0.375(30) = 11.25
Mr
= t / d (1 b' / b)(0.8c / d ) (0.5t / d ) + q' (0.8c / d d ' / d ) + q(1 0.8c / d )
''
2
f c bd
Dimensiones y refuerzo
rea de concreto requerida :
A=
b=
Mv
FrQd 2 f c'' L2
Fcm h
F
A=
A
458 .67
=
= 40 .95cm
h 0.32(35)
'
qf
0.252(136) =
p= c =
0.00816
fy
4200
612,500.00
= 458.67cm2
2
2
0.9(0.211)(30) (136) 0.0024(700)
1.4(0.32)(35)
8
2
As = pbd = 0.00816(40.95)(30) = 10.02cm
40.95
t=7
d=30
10.02cm2
8.19
Diego Miramontes De Len
Mtodo convencional
Ejemplo 3b.- Seccin T simplemente armada!
Tomando el valor de b=40.95 obtenido en el clculo por el mtodo propuesto
Clculo del peso propio :
A = tb + b' ( h t ) = 7( 40.95) + 8.19(35 7) = 515.97 cm 2
WD l 2 1.57(7) 2
=
= 9.63T m = 963,686.63kg cm
MD =
8
8
ndice de refuerzo :
q = 1 1
Mu
963,686.63
=
= 0.243
1
1
0.45 f ' ' cbd 2
0.45(136)(40.95)(30) 2
M = L2 / 8
La profundidad del eje neutro est dada por a=7.29cm > t, por lo tanto es T !
f c''b f t
fy
40.95
t=7
136(40.95 8.19)(7)
= 7.43cm 2
4200
8.19
d=30
Asf
t
M f = FR Asf f y d = 0.9(7.43)( 4200 )(30 3.5) = 743,822 .35kg cm
d=30
As
ndice de refuerzo :
8.19
'
M
219,864.28
=
= 0.284
q = 1 1
1
1
''
2
2
0.45 f c bd
0.45(136)(8.19)(30)
Diego Miramontes De Len
Comparacin de resultados
Refuerzo del alma :
f c''
= 0.0092 ,
p=q
fy
a) Mtodo
propuesto :
b) Mtodo
convencional :
q = 0. 252
q = 0.244
b = 40.95
b = 40.95
As = 10.02
40.95
t=7
a)
d=30
10.02cm2
8.19
b)
t=7
d=30
As = 9.69
9.62cm2
2(8)
= 16.00T m
8
d
As
As
b
M = L2 / 8
Factor de forma :
= 0.3 + 0.2(1 2(.3) ) = 0.38
Condicin de ductilidad :
c
0.003
=
= 0.429
d 0.004 + 0.003
0.339
= 0.484,
0.7
q 0.3q = 0.339
Mr
= t / d (1 b' / b)(0.8c / d ) (0.5t / d ) + q' (0.8c / d d ' / d ) + q(1 0.8c / d )
''
2
f c bd
)] +
Dimensiones y refuerzo
rea requerida de concreto :
A=
Mv
FrQd 2 f c'' L2
Fcm h
F
A=
612,500.00
= 413.70cm2
2
2
0.9(0.3966 )(40) (170) 0.0024 (800)
1.4(0.38)(45)
8
Dimensiones :
b=
A
413.70
=
= 24.19cm
h 0.38(45)
Refuerzos :
qf c'' 0.484(170)
=
= 0.0196
p=
fy
4200
24.19cm
170
= 0.0058
p' = 0.145
4200
2
As = pbd = 0.0196 ( 24.19)( 40) = 18.96cm
5.69cm2
45cm
18.96cm2
7.26cm
Conclusiones
El mtodo propuesto permite :
. Diseo por peso mnimo de secciones Rectangulares, T e I
. Predefinir la deformacin a mxima tensin
. Elegir entre secciones simple o doblemente armadas
Adems :
Incluir ley con endurecimiento por deformacin para el acero
Es un mtodo directo, lo cual facilita su programacin