Professional Documents
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(MANE 4045)
Instructor: Dr. Sayyed Ali Hosseini
Winter 2015
Lecture #3
With many figures and definitions from Introduction To Statistical Quality Control ,7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery
Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Lecture #3
Today, we will cover Part 2 Statistical Methods Useful In Quality Control
And Improvement:
Modeling Process Quality
Learning Objectives
Simple tools of descriptive statistics to express variation
quantitatively in a quality characteristic when a sample of
data on this characteristic is available.
Introduce probability distributions and show how they
provide a tool for modeling or describing the quality
characteristics of a process.
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Statistics
Statistics help us understand everything by collecting,
tabulating, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of
numerical data, provide a viable method of supporting or
clarifying a topic under discussion.
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The units of the sample variance is the square of the original units of the
data which is often inconvenient and awkward to interpret.
Hence, normally the square root of
which is called the sample standard
deviation s is being used as a measure of variability..
=
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Discrete distributions
When the parameter being measured can only take on certain
values, such as the integers 0, 1, 2, ..., the probability
distribution is called a discrete distribution.
=
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= ( )
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Sometimes called a
probability density function
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Reminder:
!
"
is the
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Example #1
A manufacturing process produces thousands of semiconductor
chips per day. On the average, 1% of these chips do not conform
to specifications. Every hour, an inspector selects a random
sample of 25 chips and classifies each chip in the sample as
conforming or nonconforming. calculate the probability of finding
one or fewer nonconforming parts in the sample.
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Example #1 Solution
If we let be the random variable representing the number of nonconforming
chips in the sample, then the probability distribution of is
=
25
1 =
0.01
0.99
'"
=0 +
25!
0.01
0! 25 0 !
0.99
=1 =
'")
0 +
1 =(
25!
0.01
1! 25 1 !
25
0.99
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0.01
'"
0.99
'"
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Example #2
Assume that the number of wire-bonding defects per unit that
occur in a semiconductor device is Poisson distributed with
parameter . = 4. Calculate the probability that a randomly
selected semiconductor device will contain two or fewer wirebonding defects.
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Example #2 Solution
2 =
=0 +
=1 +
=2 =
/ "0 4
= 0.018316 + 0.073263 + 0.146525 = 0.238104
(
!
)
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=5
": 4
26
"
"7 9
8
3
4
3
=
4
3
4
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Example #3
The tensile strength of paper used to make grocery bags is an
important quality characteristic. It is known that the strength ( )
is normally distributed with mean 3 = 40 = /? and standard
deviation 4 = 2 = /? , which denoted 2(3, 4 ) or
2(40, 2 ). The purchaser of the bags requires them to have a
strength of at least 35 lb/in2. Calculate the probability that bags
produced from this paper will meet or exceed the specification.
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Example #3 Solution
The probability that a bag produced from this paper will meet or exceed the
specification is:
35 = 1 { 35}
3
=
4
35 40
=
2
; 2.5 = 2.5
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Example #4
An electronic component in an airborne radar system has a useful
life described by an exponential distribution with failure rate of
10"0 /. What is the mean time to failure for this components?
Determine the probability that this component would fail before
its expected life.
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Example #4 Solution
10"0
?EFG/ G H/ ?
. = 10"0 J/
1
=
.
C
)
H?J/ HK
?EFG/ 3 =
1
1
= "0 = 100 = 10000 G .
. 10
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