Dolomite Stones laboratory

Dolomite Stones laboratory

Dolomite Stones laboratory

Author1
William Andrs Avilaa, Author2 Juan Camilo
a
Civil engineering, tunnels, Santo Tomas
University, Sectional Tunja,
Castrob
william950517@hotmail.com
b
c University, Sectional Tunja,
Civil engineering,
tunnels, Pinzn
Santo Tomas
Author3
Miguel ngel
Author4 Andrs Felipe
juanc.castro18@gmail.com
d
Pineda
c
Civil engineering, tunnels, Santo Tomas University, Sectional Tunja,
d

mangelpinzon3@hotmail.com
Civil engineering, tunnels, Santo Tomas University, Sectional Tunja,
felipef.3013@gmail.com

Summary For the excavation and construction of a tunnel it is necessary to evaluate the conditions that the rocky massif can present
at different depths, where the properties of the material are verified, such as the bearing capacity of the stone and its behavior against
the load and external factors. Therefore, in the following work, the behavior of the stone against the load will be study, and how
external factors such as water (under possible conditions of saturation) and temperature (from low to high temperatures) can
potentially affect the strength of the massif for a given material. The study material is dolomite marble, it will be carried out load tests
such as: simple compression (under different conditions of temperature and saturation), indirect traction and modulus of rupture.
Finally, an evaluation will be made regarding the data and a respective classification will be made by the AFTES method, to evaluate
the quality of the stone against of the stone y mass or quarry of its extraction.

Keywords AFTES method, calcium carbonate, dolomitic marble, stone quality.

Abstract Para la realizacin de excavacin y construccin de un tnel es necesario evaluar las condiciones que puede presentar
el macizo rocoso a diferentes profundidades, en donde se verifica las propiedades que presenta el material, como es la capacidad
portante de la roca y su comportamiento frente a la carga y factores externos. Por lo tanto el siguiente trabajo se va a estudiar el
comportamiento de la roca frente a la carga, y como factores externos como el agua (en condiciones posibles de saturacin) y la
temperatura (desde grados bajo 0 hasta temperaturas elevadas) pueden llegar a afectar las de resistencia al macizo para un material
determinado. El material de estudio es mrmol dolomita, en donde se realizara ensayos de carga como lo es compresin simple
(bajo diferentes condiciones de temperatura y saturacin), traccin indirecta y mdulo de rotura. Por ltimo se realizara una
evaluacin con respecto a los datos y se har la respectiva clasificacin por el mtodo AFTES, para evaluar la calidad de la roca
frente al macizo rocoso o cantera de su extraccin.

INTRODUCTION

In the following research, the quality and properties

of the stone will be verified. The stone to be studied
is dolomite or dolomitic marble. The main mineral

forming the stone is dolomite, which is a calcium

carbonate and magnesium.
To verify the behavior of the stone against different
conditions, the simple compression test will be
carried out (whose dimensions of the cylinders are
2"in diameter and height of 4"), with the following

Dolomite Stones laboratory

samples: 3 cylinders in ambient conditions, 2
cylinders in high unsaturated temperature
conditions, 2 cylinders in low unsaturated
temperature conditions, 3 cylinders in saturated
ambient conditions, 3 cylinders in saturated
condition at low temperatures and 3 cylinders in
high saturation conditions Temperatures. As well as
the test of rupture by means of a prismatic sample
of 2 "x2" by a height of 8 ", and the test of indirect
traction for cylinders of 4" of diameter by 8 " will
be carried out.
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE STONE

Dolomite is an important mineral in the

conformation of sedimentary stones (limestones
and dolomites) and of metamorphic stones
(marble), most of the stones that are rich in this
mineral are originally deposited as calcium
carbonate sludges. This mineral is defined by the
chemical formula CaMg (CO3)2. The dolomite is
mainly formed by a greyish white color and
sometimes counts with a hardness of 3.5 and 4 on
the Mohs scale which enters values like minerals
like calcite fluorite.
The stone to be studied is dolomitic marble. It is
part of non-foliated metamorphic stones. The stone
was extracted from the municipality of Palermo
Huila of the chicoral village. This type of stone
appears in the central cordillera in formation of the
pre-brass (Pemm), in the form of parcels with
distribution and irregular extension, and can be
seen outcrops in the northwestern part of the
municipality and its extraction is part of the
economy of the municipality.
The specific weight of the theoretical material may
range from 2.6 g / cm 3 to 2.8 g / cm 3. Its internal
friction angle is theoretically in the range of 30 to
40 and its cohesion ranges from 25 to 40
(Gavilanes, Hernn, 2013).

Condition
Sampl
e1

submerged

Diame Heig
ter
ht
(cm) (cm)
5,11

10,2

Sampl
e2
Sampl
e3
Sampl
e4
Area
(cm
)
20,4
8
20,4
3
20,5
4
20,4
0

Dry
Saturated Frozen

5,10

10,1

5,11

10,2

Damp

5,10

10,3

Volu
me
(cm)
208,9
1
205,5
1
209,4
6
210,6
1

Weight
(kN)
0,00570
29
0,00521
75
0,00570
29
0,00568
13

Weig
ht
(g)
581,5
532,0
3
581,5
579,3

Unit Weight
(g/cm)
2,783617378
2,588872299
2,776363655
2,750718979

Source: Author.
PHASE RELATIONSHIP

Va (cm)
0,16
Vw(cm)
1,78
Vs (cm)
203,6

AIR
WATER
SOLID

Humidity
Specific Gravity
Solid Volume
Volume of Voids

W%
Gs
Vs (cm)
Vv (cm)

Wa (gr)
0
Ww (gr)
2
Ws (gr)
530
0,3
2,61
203,6
1,94

Dolomite Stones laboratory

Porosity%
Relationship of
Voids

n%

0,94

0,0019

Source: Author.
LABORATORY CALCULATION

COMPRESIN

Source: Author.
BREAK MODULE

Source: Author.
Annexed 1. Sample calculations.
INDIRECT TRACTION

Source: Author.

Dolomite Stones laboratory

CLASSIFICATION A.F.T.E.S
Considering that the permeability of the stone is
approximately 1x10-3, this can be classified per the
classification A.F.T.E.S for permeability in a
descriptive term from STRONG TO VERY
STRONG, this because its porosity oscillates in
terms of 10%.
Type

Permeability K
in m / S
<10-8 m/s

Descriptive
term
K1
Very weak to
weak
K2
10-8 m/s - 10-6 Weak to
m/s
medium
K3
10-6 m/s - 10-4 Medium to
m/s
strong
K4
>10-4 m/s
Strong to very
strong
Source: A.F.T.E.S.

Source: Author.

Per the A.F.T.E.S classification, the classification

per the simple compression strength for stone cores
are as follows:
CYLINDER

cold saturated
Hot saturated
Ambient T. saturated
Unsaturated cold
Unsaturated hot
Ambient T. unsaturated

Type

R2
R2
R2
R2
R2
R2

STRENGTH Rc (Mp)

155,24
71,22
61,94
103,29
170,03
132,52

Source: Author.
In general terms, the nuclei in a state of saturation
have a brittle rupture failure behavior, being that the
cut realized now of the fault is almost perfect in
vertical sense thus demonstrating, the little
resistance that presents this stone in saturated state
no matter the temperature to which it is.

Dolomite Stones laboratory

Source: Author.

Source: Author.

Source: Author.
Source: Author.
Likewise, in the dry state for the different
temperatures at which the tests are carried out, the
samples show a transition rupture, since the cuts are
presented diagonally always from top to bottom,
some have defragments at several of their angles, in
the dry state shows a greater resistance to
compression with this type of failure.

The samples used for the tensile test show a

transition break with a diagonal cut with respect to
the length of the sample, also showing a resistance
not so low to the tensile force.
JUSTIFICATIONS CONCERNING TESTS

In front of the ultrasound test initially proposed in

the guides, the equipment presented by the
university is not properly calibrated.
The theoretical values for the stone permeability
data were taken, because the university only
contemplates a team, and because the number of
groups, it was not possible to perform the test.

Dolomite Stones laboratory

when the rock is In a dry condition, since its
resistance increases and presents a type of
transition break failure, in both cases the
temperature at which the rock is found does
not affect its resistance in great importance,
giving values similar to the ambient
temperature.

CONCLUSIONS

Per the conditions presented by the sample

against the different test conditions, its
specific weight does not present a
significant variation because is low the
porosity.
Due to the permeability characteristics of
the stone, it does not present a variation of
humidity since its particles and the mineral
are homogeneous, therefore it allows to
have little capacity of filtration.

The temperature and humidity conditions

did not affect the resistance properties of the
stone, since per the data obtained from the
laboratory, they did not present a significant
variation for each condition.

Some samples have different conditions of

resistance to compression, since the material
that was extracted for the tests are part of
different positions and depths in front of the
quarry. Their consistency and consolidation
may vary considerably from the load.

With respect to indirect traction, it does not

present great resistance, due to the
orientation of the particles that make up the
rock. Another point to take into account is
the fracture that is generated diagonally in
front of the face of the cylinder.
The rupture modulus presents an average of
9.48 MPa, which is very high depending on
the punctual load that can be exerted.
Notably
according
to
the
simple
compression analyzes performed on the
cores, the result is that the rock under
saturation conditions decreases its resistance
by almost 40%, thus producing a fragile
rupture failure, contrary to what happens

The tensile strength of the rock is

considerable, given the type of rock it is.

As a more important conclusion, it is

possible to be said that the rock presents a
good stability in front of load, but
contemplates a fairly high hardness,
therefore for the construction of a tunnel is
not agree, since in the process of excavation
would be very expensive, Factors such as
resistance.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

http://www.elconstructorcivil.com/search/la
bel/ROCAS.
HERNAN GAVILANES J. 2013, ING
MSC,
http://es.slideshare.net/metuq/estabilidadde-taludes-18624871
http://viviendosanos.com/dolomitapropiedades/

Dolomite Stones laboratory

ANNEXED
1. Sample calculations.

Dolomite Stones laboratory