Republic of the Philippines

EULOGIO AMANG RODRIGUEZ

INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Cavite Campus

General Mariano Alvarez ,Cavite

Lesson Plan
In
Professional Education III
Principle and Method of Teaching

Topic:
Cooperative Learning
Prepared by:
Louie S. Gamit
Amado B. Mercolita
Anna Angela M. Planada
Prof Ed. Student
Earist Cavite Campus
 LESSON PLAN

I. Learning Objectives

At the end of the discussion you should be able to:

1. Understand where AI came from.
2. Know the achievements of AI overtime
3. Know the different branches of Artificial Intelligence
4. Know what kind of Artificial intelligence helps us in our daily life.
5. Know what are disadvantages and advantages of Artificial Intelligence

II. A. Subject Matter

a. Topic: Basic Artificial Intelligence
b. Subtopic: Expert System
c. Reference:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robotics

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expert_System

http://www.slidefinder.net/c/ch7mis3862st/5522585/p2

B. Materials
PowerPoint Presentation
Projector

C. Value Focus
Robots
Latest Technology

III. Lesson Proper

A. Activity
a. Preparatory Activity
Classroom Management
Prayer
Greetings

b. Mood Setting
Pass the Ball

Pass the ball while clapping when I stop the person who holds the ball
will give it to the person at his/her back. The Person at the back will
answer the question and if if they got the correct answer she/he got a
ball pen as a reward.

What company made ASIMO? Honda

 Who is the lead character of I-Robot? Will Smith
What kind of machine will we use for the upcoming election? PCOS
Machine

IV. Analysis
Call someone in the class to discuss the Artificial Intelligence
V. Learning Objectives
VI.

At the end of the discussion you should be able to:

1. Understand where AI came from.
2. Know the achievements of AI overtime
3. Know the different branches of Artificial Intelligence
4. Know what kind of Artificial intelligence helps us in our daily life.
5. Know what are disadvantages and advantages of Artificial Intelligence

IIa.Discussion

What is Artificial Intelligence?

AI is the boundary between what people can do and what computers can't [yet].It
is the science and engineering of making intelligent machines, especially intelligent
computer programs. A machine that can "think". The term artificial intelligence was
first coined in 1956, at the Dartmouth conference.

Brief history

In Aristotle's logic, the basic ingredients of reasoning are given in terms of

inclusion and exclusion relations, of the sort graphically captured many years later by
the device of Venn diagrams.

Descartes suggested that the body works like a machine, that it has the material
properties of extension and motion, and that it follows the laws of physics. The mind (or
soul), on the other hand, was described as a nonmaterial entity that lacks extension and
motion, and does not follow the laws of physics. Descartes argued that only humans
have minds, and that the mind interacts with the body at the pineal gland.

David Hume argued for two kinds of reasoning: probable and demonstrative,
and applied these to the sceptical argument that reality is but an illusion. He concludes
that neither of these two forms of reasoning can lead us to belief in the continued
existence of an external world. Demonstration by itself cannot establish the uniformity of
nature (as laid out by scientific laws and principles), and reason alone cannot establish
that the future will resemble the past (e.g. that the sun will rise tomorrow).

Euler is considered to be the pre-eminent mathematician of the 18th century and

one of the greatest of all time. A structure defines what a system is made of. It is a
configuration of items. It is a collection of inter-related components or services. The
structure may be a hierarchy (a cascade of one-to-many relationships) or a network
featuring many-to-many relationships.

Formal Notation and Calculating Machines

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz invented the binary system, the foundation of virtually
all modern computer architectures.

Charles Babbage who originated the concept of a programmable computer.

Considered a "father of the computer". Babbage is credited with inventing the first
mechanical computer that eventually led to more complex designs.

George Boole as the inventor of Boolean logicthe basis of modern digital

computer logicBoole is regarded in hindsight as a founder of the field of computer
science.

Friedrich Ludwig Gottlob Frege (first-order predicate calculus) the particular

form of symbolic logics that is used for logic programming (this is based on symbols and
not numbers)

Major Branches of Artificial Intelligence

Robotics

Mechanical devices that perform tasks that either require a high degree of precision
or are tedious or hazardous for humans.Many of robots exist today.Research into
robots is continuing.

Humanoid

Humanoid robot is a robot with its overall appearance, based on that of the
human body, allowing interaction with made-for-human tools or environments. In
general humanoid robots have a torso with a head, two arms and two legs, although
some forms of humanoid robots may model only part of the body, for example, from the
waist up. Some humanoid robots may also have a 'face', with 'eyes' and 'mouth'.
Androids are humanoid robots built to aesthetically resemble a human.

Different kinds of robots

Freddy I/II- one of the earliest robots to integrate vision, manipulation and intelligent
systems,The versatility of the system and ease of retraining and reprogramming for new
tasks. A collection of high level procedures for programming the arm movements; these
could be reused for each new task.
Roomba- Robot Home Vacuum Cleaners, circa 2002 insect like minds, on the edge of
functionality .

Starfish Robot If the robot is damaged, it can sense the problem and attempt to
compensate.

I-Sobot- The 165mm-high robot is capable of recognizing voice commands, and can
speak and respond to hundreds of words and phrases. It can perform pre-programmed
actions, has over 90 types of sound effect and is able to play five songs.

Vision Systems
The hardware and software that permit computers to capture, store, and
manipulate visual images and pictures.
Inspection of manufactured goods such as:
semiconductor chips
automobiles
food and pharmaceuticals

Natural Language Processing

Processing that allows the computer to understand and react to statements and
commands made in a natural language. The spoken words are transcribed
immediately onto the computer screen.

Learning Systems

A combination of software and hardware that allows the computer to change how
it functions or reacts to situations based on feedback it receives.

Example:
Computer Assisted Learning (CAL), is one of the worlds leading Information
and Communications Technology (ICT) education provider focusing on programs for
children, teens, and adult begin.

Neural Networks

A computer system that can simulate the functioning of a human brain. Ability to retrieve
information even if some of the neural nodes fail.
Fast stored data as a result of new information:
The ability to discover new trends in large databases
The ability to solve problems for which all the information is not present
Neural networks applications

Neural networks are currently used prominently in voice recognition

systems, image recognition systems, industrial robotics, medical imaging, and
data mining and aerospace applications.

Common forms of data-mining analysis capabilities include (using neural

networks):

Cluster Association Statistical

analysis detection analysis
What is an Expert System?

Expert Systems are computer programs that are derived from a branch of
computer science research called Artificial Intelligence (AI). AI's scientific goal is to
understand intelligence by building computer programs that exhibit intelligent behavior.
It is concerned with the concepts and methods of symbolic inference, or reasoning, by a
computer, and how the knowledge used to make those inferences will be represented
inside the machine. Of course, the term intelligence covers many cognitive skills,
including the ability to solve problems, learn, and understand language; AI addresses all
of those. But most progress to date in AI has been made in the area of problem solving
-- concepts and methods for building programs that reason about problems rather than
calculate a solution.

Expert System Characteristic

A program that embodies problem solving knowledge of a human expert.

Includes procedural as well as descriptive knowledge.
Problem solving expertise comes from knowledge rather than reasoning.
Expert systems represented a change in direction in AI research away from
general problem solvers.
Expert systems made AI a commercials venture.

Applications of Expert Systems and Artificial Intelligence

Credit granting and loan analysis Hospitals and medical facilities

Catching cheats and terrorists Help desks and assistance
Information management and Employee performance evaluations
retrieval Virus detection
AI and expert systems embedded in Shipping
products Marketing
Plant layout and manufacturing

Limitations of an Expert System

Not widely used or tested Cannot refine its own knowledge

Difficult to use Difficult to maintain
Limited to relatively narrow problems May have high costs
Cannot deal with mixed knowledge Raises legal and ethical concerns
Possibility of error

Virtual Reality
 Virtual reality system: enables one or more users to move and react in a
computer-simulated environment
Immersive virtual reality: user becomes fully immersed in an artificial, three-
dimensional world that is completely generated by a computer

Interface Devices
Head-mounted display CAVE
(HMD) Haptic interface
Binocular Omni- Real estate marketing
Orientation Monitor and tourism
(BOOM) Entertainment

VII. Application
Ask one student regarding what is the use of AI in you, family and school.

VIII. Evalutaion

Now class, get i/4 sheet of yellow pad for a short quiz:

1. Who is the father of computer?

2. Who made Cognition is computation ?
3. A humanoid robot that can play ping-pong?
4. Robot Home Vacuum Cleaners
5. CAL means
6-8.Who are the participants of Expert System?
9. World smallest Robot?
10. What is our topic for today?

IX. Assignment

Watch the movie Simone and give reflection about the movie.

Format
Short Bond Paper
Times New Roman
Twelve Font Size
1.5 Line Spacing
Prepared by:
Anna Angela M. Planada