Introduction

Japanese is a language spoken in Japan and in Japanese

emigrant communities. It is an agglutinative language and is

Mapa

Satlite

distinguished by a complex system of honorifics reflecting the

hierarchical nature of Japanese society, with verb forms and
particular vocabulary to indicate the relative status of the
speaker, the listener, and a person mentioned in conversation.
Japanese vocabulary has been heavily influenced by
loanwords from other languages. A vast number of words were
borrowed from Chinese, or created from Chinese models, over
a period of at least 1,500 years. Since the late 19th century,
Japanese has borrowed a considerable number of words
from Indo-European languages, primarily English. Because of
the special trade relationship between Japan and first Portugal
in the 16th century, and then mainly the Netherlands in the

Datos de mapas Trminos de uso

17th century, Portuguese and Dutch have also been

influential.

The Alphabet
The Japanese language is written with a combination of three different types of scripts: modified Chinese characters
called kanji (), and two syllabic scripts made up of modified Chinese characters, hiragana () and katakana
(). The Latin alphabet, rmaji (), is also often used in modern Japanese, especially for company
names and logos, advertising, and when entering Japanese text into a computer. Western style Indian numerals are
generally used for numbers, but traditional Sino-Japanese numerals are also commonplace.

The verb
Japanese verb conjugation is the same for all subjects, first person ("I", "we"), second person ("thou", "you") and third
person ("he/she/it" and "they"), singular and plural. The plain form of all verbs ends in u. There are very few irregular
verbs.

Japanese Verb Conjugation

Click verbs to conjugate them in the following verb conjugation tables:
aruk u (to walk)
k ak u (to write)
k ik u (to listen)
tsuk u (to arrive)
- aruku
AFFIRMATIVE

NEGATIVE

INFORMAL

aruku

arukanai

FORMAL

arukimasu

arukimasen

Indicative

Imperative

INFORMAL I

aruke

aruku na

INFORMAL II

arukinasai

arukinasaru na

aruite kudasai

arukanai de kudasai

INFORMAL III
FORMAL

oaruki nasaimase oaruki nasaimasu na

INFORMAL I

aruk

arukumai

Presumptive

INFORMAL II

aruku dar

arukanai dar

Volitional

FORMAL I

arukimasy

arukimasumai

FORMAL II

aruku desy

arukanai desy

INFORMAL

arukeba

arukanakereba

FORMAL

arukimaseba

arukimasen nara

arukimasureba

Provisional

Tense

Inflected form

Informal Past (~ ta Form)

Formal Past

Informal Past Negative

Formal Past Negative

~ te Form

Conditional

Passive

Causative

Potential

Grouping of Japanese Verbs

Group 1: ~ U ending verbs
The basic form of Group 1 verbs end with "~u". This group is also called Consonant-stem verbs or Godan-doushi
(Godan verbs).
hanasu - to speak
kaku - to write
kiku - to listen
Group 2: ~ Iru and ~ Eru ending verbs
The basic form of Group 2 verbs end with either "~iru" or "~eru". This group is also called Vowel-stem-verbs or
Ichidan-doushi (Ichidan verbs).

Iru ending verbs

kiru - to wear
miru - to see

Eru ending verbs

akeru - to open
ageru - to give
Group 3: Irregular verbs
There are only two irregular verbs, kuru () 'to come' and suru () 'to do'.