Riley Miller

SCIENCE MODUAL 6
Definitions:
1. Earths crust: Earths outermost layer of rock.
2. Sediment: Small, solid fragments of rock and other materials that are carried
and deposited by wind, water, or ice. Examples would be sand, mud, or
gravel.
3. Sedimentary Rock: Rock formed when chemical reactions cements sediments
together, hardening them.
4. Igneous rock: Rock that forms from molten rock.
5. Metamorphic rock: Igneous or sedimentary rock that has been changed into a
new kind of rock as a result of great pressure and temperature.
6. Plastic rock: Rock that behaves as something between a liquid and a solid.
7. Earthquake: Vibration of the earth that results either from volcanic activity or
rock masses suddenly moving along a fault.
8. Fault: The boundary between two sections of rock that can move relative to
one another
9. Focus: The point when an earthquake begins.
10.
Epicenter:

On Your Own Questions:

1. Metamorphic rock.
2. The sound would be louder when you put your ear closer to the rod.
3. It would be the same as any other rock, removing the rock from the mantle
makes it lose its heat and pressure.
4. No, It wouldnt.
5. The earth has a magnetic field that must be created by the motion of
electricity.
6. No, it wouldnt work.
7. The majority of earthquakes in the U.S. should occur in; California, Oregon,
Washington, and Alaska.
8. It would be larger.
9. 32,768 times more energy.
10.
Fault-block mountains, and folded mountains.

Study Guide:
1.
2.
3.
4.

(Definitions Previously Mentioned)

The earth is divided into the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and crust.
We can directly observe the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and crust.
The Moho separates the crust from the mantle, the Gutenberg Discontinuity
separates the mantle from the core, and the Lehmann Discontinuity
separates the inner core from the outer core.
5. Sedimentary rock is formed when sediments are solidified through chemical
reactions. Igneous rocks form when molten rock solidifies.

Riley Miller

SCIENCE MODUAL 6
6. Metamorphic Rock
7. Rock sometimes behaves like a liquid and sometimes like a solid.
8. Scientists observe seismic waves.
9. The inner core is solid because of pressure freezing.
10.
The magnetic field is generated by the earths core.
11.
The magnetic field is caused by a large amount of electron flow in the
core.
12.
The dynamo theory says that the motion of the core is due to
temperature differences in the core and the rotation of the earth.
13.
The rapid-decay theory has been used to accurately predict the
magnetic fields of other planets.
14.
The rapid-decay theory requires a global catastrophe in order to be
consistent with the data that indicate the magnetic field of the earth has
reversed several times.
15.
The rapid-decay theory requires a worldwide catastrophe like the flood,
and it indicates the earth is 10,00 years old or younger.
16.
Without the magnetic field, cosmic rays from the sun would kill all life
on earth.
17.
The plates are large islands of the earths lithosphere.
18.
Plates can slide under one another to form trenches, Plates can move
away from each other causing magma to raise to the surface forming new
crust, the plates can crash into each other causing mountains.
19.
Pangea is a hypothetical supercontinent that might have existed in
earths past, it would be a combination of all current land masses.
20.
Good scientists ignore plate tectonics because it is typically linked to
the idea that the earth is billions of years old.
21.
Earthquakes are caused by the motion of rock masses along a fault or
by volcanic activity.
22.
The elastic rebound theory is that when the plates are rubbing against
each other their jagged edges bounce off and cause them to snap back to
their original positions. Causing a earthquake.
23.
1,048,576 times more energy.
24.
Mountain types: Volcanic, domed, fault-block, and folded.