Warm Up: November 29, 2016

1. How was your break? What did you

do?
2. What is the pattern to the image to
the right?
Following this pattern, solve the
following equations
14 + 7 =
45 + 2 =
134 + 54 =
3. What are some differences in the
MOs of female and male serial killers?
4. What is an Angel of Death?

SATWOTD

Impetus (n)

The force that makes something happen or

happen more quickly.

Agenda
Warm Up/SATWOTD
Unit 4: Dexters
Laboratory
Blood Splatter

Tuesday: Blood Basics +Typing

Wednesday: Blood Spatter

Analysis

Thursday: Blood Spatter

Analysis + Lab

Friday: Finish lab + review

Monday: U4 Exam

Blood Basics
U4: Dexters Laboratory

Fun Facts
The average adult has about FIVE liters of blood inside
of their body, which makes up 7-8% of their body
weight.
Blood is living tissue that carries oxygen and nutrients to
all parts of the body, and carries carbon dioxide and
other waste products back to the lungs, kidneys and
liver for disposal. It also fights against infection and
helps heal wounds, so we can stay healthy.
There are about one billion red blood cells in two to
three drops of blood.
BONUS: a red blood cell is also called a _________?

Q: What is Blood?
Unlike water, blood is a suspension of solids
and gases in a liquid.
Blood forms a spherical projectile, not a
teardrop.
Fluid flow is driven by a pressure difference.
Blood pressure drops with excessive blood
loss and the bleeding rate slows due to this
lower pressure difference.
Blood normally clots in 3-15 minutes.

Q: What is Blood?
BLOOD is a mixture of two components:

formed elements and plasma.

Plasma: the watery fluid portion of blood

90% water
It transports nutrients as well as wastes throughout
the body.

Q: What is Blood?
Blood delivers nutrients
and oxygen to the cells
and transports waste
products away from cells.
Formed elements float in
the plasma.
White blood cells
(WBCs)
Platelets
Red blood cells (RBCs)

CFU!
1. What 3 formed elements are found in
the plasma?
2. Blood is a mixture of what 2
components?
3. Blood delivers _____ and _____ to
the entire body?
a. Blood expels ____ to the ____,
___, and kidneys.

Q: What is Blood?
RED BLOOD CELLS

(Erythrocytes)
Most abundant cells in our

blood
Carry oxygen and carbon
dioxide.

Q: What is Blood?
RED BLOOD CELLS

(Erythrocytes)
Have structures called

antigens on their surfaces

Grouped into classification

systems determined by
their relationship to one
another (blood type)

Q: What is Blood?
WHITE BLOOD CELLS

(Leukocytes)
Contain DNA
Part of the immune

system
Destroy infectious agents
called pathogens.
Fight off infection and

reject foreign tissue.

Q: What is Blood?
PLASMA
Yellowish liquid portion of blood
Contains electrolytes, nutrients
and vitamins, hormones, clotting
factors, and proteins such as
antibodies to fight infection.
PLATELETS (Thrombocytes)
Carried in the plasma
Clot together in a process called
coagulation to seal a wound and
prevent a loss of blood.

CFU!
1. What is the purpose of
a. erythrocytes
b. thrombocytes
c. leukocytes
d. plasma

Work Break: Blood Coloring (pg. 1 &2)

Q: How is Blood Used in Forensics?

Main elements used in forensic labs:
RBCs
Have structures called agglutinogens (a type

of antigen) attached to their surface

There are two different types of agglutinogens,

type "A" and type "B". Each type has different

properties.

The ABO blood type classification system uses

the presence or absence of these molecules to

categorize blood into four types.

Q: What Are the Blood Types?

Blood Types

There are 3 alleles or

genes for blood type:
A, B, & O. Since we
have 2 genes, there are
6 possible
combinations.

AA or AO =
Type A
BB or BO =
Type B
OO = Type O
AB = Type AB

Q: What Are the Blood Types?

How common is your blood type?

46.1
%
38.8
%
11.1
%
3.9
%

Q: Who can give who blood?

People with TYPE O blood

Universal Donor

are called Universal

Donors, because they can
give blood to any blood
type.
People with TYPE AB blood

are called Universal

Recipients, because they
can receive any blood type.

Universal Recipient

Q: What are Rh Factors?

Scientists sometimes study Rhesus

monkeys While studying Rhesus

monkeys, a certain blood protein was
discovered.
The presence of the protein, or lack
of it, is referred to as the Rh (for
Rhesus) factor.

A+ AB+ BAB+
ABO+ O-

Q: What are Rh Factors?

Rh Factor
Rh+ = with (85%)
Can receive + or Rh- = without

(15%)
Can only receive -

CFU!
1. What blood type is the universal donor?
Recipient?
2. What does the Rh factor determine?
a. Where does its name originated from?

What you dont finish

will be for homework

You have a task

Complete the rest of the blood basics

work
** Pg 3: Antigen/Antibody
** Deadly Women
Extra Credit (+5 points to lowest grade):
a. BRIEFLY summarize all 3 scenes.
Write on
separate
b. Who was the offender & victim?
sheet of
c.
What
was
the
murder
weapon?
paper
d. What type of killer was each of these

Agenda

Warm Up/SATWOTD

Tuesday: Blood Basics +Typing

Unit 4: Dexters Laboratory

Wednesday: Blood Spatter

Analysis

Thursday: Blood Spatter

Analysis + Lab

Friday: Finish lab

Monday: Review

Tuesday: U4 Exam

Deadly Women
Blood Spatter Analysis
Who Killed Jigga? Activity

Deadly Women
** Deadly Women
Extra Credit (+5 points to lowest grade):
a. BRIEFLY summarize all 3 scenes.
Write on
b. Who was the offender & victim?
separate
c. What was the murder weapon?
sheet of
paper
d. What type of killer was each of these
women?

Warning: Some material in this presentation and related videos may be too graphic for some people.

Self Guided Notes :)

Read pgs 1-2

Key Terms
Spatter: Bloodstains created from the application of force to the
area where the blood originated.
Origin/Source: The place from where the blood spatter came from.
Angle of Impact: The angle at which a blood droplet strikes a
surface.
Parent Drop: The droplet from which a satellite spatter originates.
Satellite Spatters: Small drops of blood that break of from the
parent spatter when the blood droplet hits a surface.
Spines: The pointed edges of a stain that radiate out from the
spatter; can help determine the direction from which the blood
traveled.

After close analysis, blood spatters can

indicate important information such as:
Type and velocity of weapon
Number of blows
Handedness of assailant (assailants
tend to strike with their dominant hand
on the opposite side of the victim's
body)
Position and movements of the victim
and assailant during and after the
attack
Which wounds were inflicted first
Type of injuries
How long ago the crime was
committed
Whether death was immediate or
delayed

Q: What is Blood Spatter?

Projected blood stains = blood spatter
Bloodstain patterns can help investigators
reconstruct events in a crime scene.
Analysis of the blood stain can tell whether it is
animal or human.

Q: Blood Spatter Analysis (BSA)

Blood spatters can lead to the recreation of a crime

because of how blood behaves.

Blood leaves the body as a liquid that follows the laws of

motion and gravity.
It travels in spherical drops due to surface tension.
Blood molecules are very cohesive (attracted to each other) so
they squeeze against each other until they form a shape with
the smallest area possible.

Warm Up: December 1, 2016

1. Grab a computer
2. Complete the Blood
Types Webquest
a. write webquest
on warm up
3. Place computer back
in cart, on the
charger, when time is
up.

SATWOTD
Credulous (adj.)
Gullible; ready to believe
anything

Agenda

Warm Up/SATWOTD

Tuesday: Blood Basics +Typing

Unit 4: Dexters Laboratory

Wednesday: Blood Spatter

Analysis

Thursday: Blood Spatter

Analysis + Mini Lab

Friday: Lab

Monday: Review

Tuesday: U4 Exam

Blood Typing Webquest

Blood Spatter Analysis
LEQ: What is BPA? What are

the different types of blood

spatter patterns that can
used as evidence?
Who Killed Jigga? Activity

What is the Purpose of BPA?

Q: What is Blood Evidence?

Blood samples
Can be analyzed to determine blood type
and DNA, which can be matched to possible
suspects.
Blood droplets
Can be analyzed to give clues to the location
of a crime, movement of a victim, and type
of weapon

Blood Evidence: Blood Droplets

Flat surface: edge of blood drop

appears smooth and circular

Glass, marble

Porous surface: edge of drop of

blood may form small spikes
(extensions) or satellites

Spikes: attached to make droplet

Satellites: not attached to main
droplet

Blood Droplet Patterns

Passive Fall
Blood falling directly to

floor at 90-degree angle

will produce circular
drops
Secondary satellites are
produced if surface hits
are textured

Blood Droplet Patterns

Arterial spurts or gushes
Typically found on walls or ceilings
Caused by pumping action of the heart

Blood Droplet Patterns

Splashes
Shaped like exclamation points.
Shape and position of spatter pattern can help locate

the position of the victim at the time of the attack

Blood Droplet Patterns

Smears
Left by bleeding victim depositing blood as he or she
touches or brushes against a wall or furniture
Transfers

Blood Droplet Patterns

Trails
Can be left by a bleeding

victim depositing blood

as he or she moves from
one location to another.
Can be round, smeared,

appear as spurts

Blood Droplet Patterns

Pools: Form around victim who is bleeding heavily and
remains in one place.
If victim is moved to another location, there may be

droplets or smearing connecting the first location with

a second

Spatter Patterns
High Velocity Impact
They travel more than 100 ft/sec and usually

look like a fine spray of tiny droplets

Less than 1 mm in diameter.

Usually caused by gunshot wounds

Can be caused by other weapons if the

assailant exerts an extreme amount of force.

Spatter Patterns
Medium-Velocity Spatter
Had a force of anywhere from 5 100 ft/sec,

Diameter is usually no more than 4 mm.

This type of spatter can be caused by a blunt

object, such as a bat or an intense beating with

a fist.
Can also result from a stabbing.

Spatter Patterns
Low-Velocity Impact

Usually the result of dripping blood.

The force of impact is 5 ft/sec or less

Size of the droplets is somewhere between 4-8 mm (0.16 to 0.31

inches).

This type of blood spatter often occurs after a victim initially

sustains an injury, not during the infliction of the injury itself.

Dried and Clotted

Over time, blood spatters dry.
How quickly this happens depends on the surface where the
blood landed, how much blood is contained in the spatter, and
the heat and humidity in the crime scene.
The outer edges dry first.
A really dry blood spatter can skeletonize, flaking off and
leaving a ring around the original diameter of the spatter.

FACT: An analyst can help to pinpoint when the crime

occurred based off the dryness of the blood.

Dried and Clotted

Although initially it behaves as a liquid, blood eventually

begins to clot after it leaves the body.

Clotting can occur within 3-15 minutes

Blood spatters

can also contain bits of tissue and bone

This usually points to a high-impact spatter

The type of tissue can help to determine the depth and severity
of the injuries that were sustained in the attack.

Identify The Pattern

Name
Date
Todays Objective

CLOSED
NOTES

Quiz! ( sheet of paper)

1. Name:
a.
b.

universal blood donor

receiver

2. If an individual with A- blood needed a blood

transfusion, could they receive A+ blood? EXPLAIN.

3. High velocity spatters are usually caused by what
type of weapon?
4. Name the blood pattern.

Homework

Blood Spatter Pre-Lab

Blood Spatter Reading and Questions- Due at 11:59 pm

tonight
Reiterate topics from todays lesson

Who Killed Jigga?

The Crime Report

A small pool of blood and a weapon was found near a
garbage dumpster. After examining the area, the CSIs on the
scene discovered a body in the garbage dumpster and
identified him as rapper Jay-Z. The Jigga Man had a stab
wound to his chest that will be analyzed by the medical
examiner.
CSIs tested blood samples from the blood pool and the
weapon at the crime scene. While tests did determine that
the samples were human blood, the CSIs need to know the
type to help identify if it was from the victim or the person(s)
who murdered him. He has come up with three suspects that
either knew the victim or were seen in the area before the
body was discovered. He would like to question them further
while he waits for DNA test results.

The Suspects

Suspect No. 1

Beyonc
Knowles
The Wife

Suspect No. 2

Kanye
West
The Business
Associate

Suspect No. 3

Mark Eazy
Local Rapper

Blood Typing Test

We will be determining blood types using Anti-A
serum, Anti-B serum, and Anti-RH serum. Use
the chart to help you determine the blood type of
each sample and its Rh factor (+ or -).

Type

Reaction w/
Anti-A Serum

Reaction w/
Anti-B Serum

AB

Clumping = + (Positive)
No Clumping = - (Negative)

Rh Serum - Clumping = Rh+ blood

DIRECTIONS:
Step 1: Label the three cups in your kit as Anti-A, Anti-B, and Anti-Rh.
Step 2: Place 20 drops of the blood sample in each cup.

Step 3: Place 10 drops of the anti-A serum in the A cup.

Step 4: Place 10 drops of the anti-B serum in the B cup.
Step 5: Place 10 drops of the anti-Rh serum in the Rh cup.
Step 6: Use a clean toothpick for each sample and stir for 30 seconds.

Step 7: Record your observations in the correct section at the top of the page and use the reaction
chart at the top of this page to determine the blood type.
Step 8: Draw your final chart on the poster board and hang up around the room.
Clumping =
Positive Result

Agglutination = Clumping = Positive Reaction

Type

Reaction w/
Anti-A Serum

Reaction w/
Anti-B Serum

AB

Rh Serum - Clumping = Rh+ blood

Rh

What is this persons

blood type?

Answer: A+

Use + or to show the test results for each sample and then determine the blood type.
Results

+ = Clumping

- = No clumping
Conclusion
Who dunn it?

Answer analysis questions on a separate

page. Be detailed and thorough.

Suspect No. 1

Suspect No. 2

Suspect No. 3

Who
Killed
Jigga?

Warm Up
Friday| December 2, 2016
1. Define: skeletonize

2. List 3 types of blood droplet patterns

3. What type of objects might cause wounds with low, medium, and high
impact patterns?

4. What does it mean if a blood drop is circular in shape?

5. Pretend that Iman Shumpert is homozygous for the type B allele, and
Teyana Taylor is type O. What are all the possible blood types of their
child, Iman?

SATWOTD

Harbinger (n)
Indicator; bringer of
warning

Finish Up the Blood Typing Quest

1.Make sure you
play the blood
typing game
2. If you finish
early, see if you
can solve the
murder mystery!
a. link on
google
classroom

Agenda

Warm Up/SATWOTD

TUESDAY: Blood Basics +Typing

Unit 8: Dexters Laboratory

WEDNESDAY: Blood Spatter

Analysis

THURSDAY: Blood Spatter

Analysis + Lab

FRIDAY: AOI Practice + Pre lab

MONDAY: Lab +Review

TUESDAY: U4 EXAM

Blood Directionality

AOI: Practice

Blood Spatter Pre-Lab

Study Guide Posted on Google
Classroom & Weebly

Suspect No. 1

Suspect No. 2

Who
Killed
Jigga?
10 minutes to create
posters and get
information from
classmates

Suspect No. 3

Blood Directionality

Directionality of Blood
Shape provides clues as to what direction

blood originated

Circular drop (width = length) = fell straight

down
Typical of dripping wound (passive)
Elongated drop (width < length) = possible to
determine which direction blood was traveling

When blood comes into contact with

another surface, it adheres or sticks to it

Point of impact may appear darker and wider

than rest of drop of blood spatter

Directionality of Blood
Momentum: blood keeps moving

in direction it was traveling

As droplet moves away from source,

it elongates and may produce a

thinner, tail-like appearance
Tail points in direction of bloods

movement
Satellites or secondary drops may
appear in front of moving droplet of
blood

Angle of Impact
ANGLE of IMPACT (AOI)
The acute angle formed
between the direction of
the blood drop and the
plane of the surface it
strikes.

Angle of Impact Calculations

accurately measuring the length and width of
a bloodstain, the impact angle can be
calculated using the SIN formula below:

AOI = SIN-1 (W / L)
W Width of blood drop
L Length of blood drop

AOI Practice
You may work with a partner.
Try to solve.

Blood Spatter Lab

Lab Directions

Complete Pre-lab first!

The lab consists of two activities

Lab No. 1: Height vs. Pattern

Complete before you start section. Make a hypothesis

Drop heights (cm): 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 150

Lab No. 2: Angle of Impact

Complete before you start section. Make a hypothesis

You will use cardboard box and protractor for angles
Drop height = 30 cm
Angles: 90, 70, 60, 45, 30, 20

Bonus Lab!
Measure out a piece of computer form paper (roughly 10-

12 sheets)
Go to the hallway and have a classmate walk the length of

the paper

Record observations

On the same sheet of paper, have a classmate run the

length of the paper

Record your observations

Question: what differences do you notice about passive

blood spatter and spatter from a moving object?

Lets Review