StudyBlue Flashcard Printing of MCQs

StudyBlue Flashcard Printing of MCQs
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A patient tells you, the student nurse, that she

doesn't want to talk about her problems to
anyone, as she feels that she will be seen as
crazy and is worried that people will reject her.
As the student nurse, you would
a.advise her to not worry, that would not
happen
b.allow the client to continue talking, and use
your active listening techniques.
c.decide that the patient needs to speak to
senior.
d.ask the patient whether she feels anxious,
and commence relaxation and slow-breathing
b.allow the client to continue

talking, and use your active
listening techniques. Pg6
The purpose of reflection for a nurse is to

a. develop an understanding of the patients
situation.
b. develop skills in assessment and
intervention.
c. increase self-awareness.
d. develop self-management and leadership
skills.
c. increase selfawareness. Pg 7
Professional boundaries means

a. developing close relationships with clients,
socially and professionally.
b. having an empathetic and positive
relationship with agreed limitations between
client and nurse.
c. boundaries that exist within the
multidisciplinary team.
d. having a therapeutic relationship that
acknowledges a decrease in formal divisions
between staff and clients
Stress may be seen as a positive (eustress) or
negative (distress) experience. Burnout,
however, may be seen as having
a. positive patterns of coping in a stressful
situation.
b. components of exhaustion and
depersonalisation.
c. patterns of giving up and leaving the
workplace.
d. an underlying component of stress.
5. The main purpose of clinical supervision for
nursing staff is to
a. provide professional support, education and
professional development.
b. enhance clinical skills.
c. allow autonomy of practice and behaviour in
the clinical setting.
d. develop the capacity for empathy,
acceptance and reflection.
https://www.studyblue.com/printFlashcardDeck?deckId=12981015
b. having an empathetic and positive

relationship with agreed limitations between
client and nurse.
b. Components of exhaustion
and depersonalisation. Pg 9
a. provide professional
support, education and
professional development.
Page 1 of 26
1. Recovery-orientated practice has now taken

over from the concept of:
a. problem-orientated recording.
b. holistic practice.
c. bio-psychosocial care.
d. evidence-based practice.
Focusing on a persons strengths has
superceded the deficits-based approach to
practice. The main aim of working with
strengths is
a. to gain an understanding of what a person
finds helpful in their illness.
b. to value a persons talents, uniqueness and
resilience.
c. to protect a persons autonomy and
individuality.
d. to share this information with the
multidisciplinary team.
Psychiatric rehabilitation has shifted to the
concept of recovery-orientated rehabilitation
because of
a. emphasis on the goals of the service and of
the staff who work in the service.
b. working more closely with the clients family
and their part in the clients illness.
c. emphasis on the goals, outcomes and
options of the consumer.
d. redirecting rehabilitation towards a
community focus.
Consumers have identified a number of factors
that are important in aiding recovery. These
factors include
a. participation by health professionals in
problem solving.
b. involving the consumers family and
significant others.
c. self-determination by the consumer.
d. an intense rehabilitation program designed
for the consumer.
The multidisciplinary teams main function is to
a. adopt distinct professional approaches to
treatment.
b. provide a holistic approach to caring for
consumers.
c. acknowledge the differences between
professional groups.
d. practise within the framework of community
mental health.
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b. holistic practice.
b. to value a persons talents,

uniqueness and resilience.
c. emphasis on the goals,

outcomes and options of the
consumer.
c. self-determination by the
consumer.
b. provide a holistic approach

to caring for consumers.
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Humoural theory was based on the belief that

the body contained within it four humours, as in
the following:
a. urine, phlegm, water and bile
b. yellow, red, brown and black bile
c. blood, and yellow, black and red bile
d. blood, phlegm, yellow bile and black bile
d. blood, phlegm, yellow bile

and black bile
The melancholic person was believed to have

a. excessive yellow bile in their system.
b. excessive black bile in their system.
c. excessive phlegm in their system.
d. excessive blood in their system.
b. excessive black bile in their

system.
One belief regarding mental illness that spread

with the introduction of Christianity is that
a. hallucinations and delusions were
supernatural beings.
b. there were no such things as hallucinations
and delusions
c. there was no such thing as mental illness
d. hallucinations and delusions were the devils
work.
d. hallucinations and delusions

were the devils work
One recent theory (Yolken et al. 1997) of the

origins of schizophrenia postulates that
a. the disorder is the product of environmental
influences occurring in recent centuries.
b. the disorder is the product of technological
advances occurring in recent centuries.
c. the disorder is the product of genetic
mutation occurring in recent centuries.
d. the disorder is the product of historical
events occurring in recent centuries.
c. the disorder is the product of

genetic mutation occurring in
recent centuries.
The term mad, from the middle-English, pretwelfth-century, describes

a. a loss of reason and judgement.
b. a loss of respect and position.
c. a loss of insight and validation.
d. a loss of validation by the sufferer.
a. a loss of reason
and judgement.
Page 3 of 26
Deinstitutionalisation has involved an

expansion of community care and relocation of
beds to hospitals. Underlying
deinstitutionalisation is the premise that
a. clear and effective links between services
are necessary.
b. personal autonomy outweighs duty of care.
c. homeless shelters are the new psych
hospitals.
d. all consumers need to be looked after by the
community.
There are a number of interventions for mental
health promotion, one of the most significant
being
a. education, early treatment and detection of
an illness.
b. the involvement of family and significant
others in care.
c. government protection and policy
development.
d. development of intersectoral links between
services.
The principle of least restrictive alternative
implies that
a. the consumer has the right to be placed only
in the community.
b. the familys needs are to be considered first
before this principle is applied.
c. treatment can only commence when this
principle is enforced.
d. a consumers level of autonomy, acceptance
and potential for harm have been taken into
consideration.
Compulsory or involuntary admission to a
psychiatric hospital is considered to be
controversial as it can involve
a. foregoing a persons right to legal
representation.
b. removal of an individuals autonomy and
freedom.
c. stigma for the patient and family involved.
d. providing a least restrictive environment for
the client.
The essence of the principle of duty of care
for the nurse is
a. taking reasonable care to avoid acts or
omissions which can be seen as likely to injure
another.
b. that there is a reasonable duty by the nurse
to organise care that is not injurious to the
nurse.
c. admitting a client who has been injured by
loss of care by another client or a nurse.
d. avoidance of a client by a nurse because the
duty of care has been enacted by another.
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a. clear and effective links

between services are
necessary.
a. education, early treatment

and detection of an illness.
d. a consumers level of autonomy, acceptance

and potential for harm have been taken into
consideration.
b. removal of an individuals
autonomy and freedom.
a. taking reasonable care to avoid acts or

omissions which can be seen as likely to injure
another.
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Standards of practice in mental health nursing

predominantly
a. involve the department of health in individual
states and countries.
b. describe the expected performance of
nurses providing mental health care.
c. document rules of practice among mental
health nurses in all states and countries.
d. recognise individual differences in each
nurses workplace.
b. describe the expected

performance of nurses
providing mental health care.
Professional ethical codes of conduct consider

primarily
a. standards of professional competence
b. standards of professional integrity.
c. standards of professional etiquette.
d. all of the above.
d. all of the above.
When evaluating a diagnosis or classification

of a consumer, what would you consider to be
imperative in this diagnosis?
a. the cultural sensitivity of the diagnostic
criteria
b. whether the family and significant others
have been involved
c. a comparison between the DSM-IV and ICD10 classification systems
d. whether the multidisciplinary team has been
involved
Caring and supportive interventions for
consumers in an inpatient setting include
a. involvement of family and significant others
in the treatment process.
b. the consumer being consulted about the
care planned, and nurses flexibility in providing
care.
c. giving medication advice and PRN
medication promptly.
d. devising alternative approaches to care with
the multidisciplinary team.
When controlling measures are instigated by
nurses, patients may primarily feel that
a. they are not being comprehensively looked
after.
b. they would be better off at home.
c. their behaviour has not warranted this form
of treatment.
d. their autonomy has been restricted.
a. the cultural sensitivity of the

diagnostic criteria
b. the consumer being consulted about the

care planned, and nurses flexibility in
providing care.
d. their autonomy has been

restricted.
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The condition in which a consumer has more

than one mental health disorder at a time is
known as
a. ethnocentrism.
b. mortality.
c. co-morbidity.
d. co-dependence.
c. co-morbidity.
Anxiety and affective disorders have a higher

incidence in females. This could be due to
a. womens employment prospects versus
family responsibilities.
b. biological, psychological and cultural
influences.
c. women seeking medical advice more than
men.
d. the reliability and validity of classification
systems.
b. biological, psychological and

cultural influences
Which of the following constitutes a

misconception about mental health?
a. People with a mental illness will never
recover.
b. The media can have a negative impact on
the image of mental illness.
c. More contact with people with a mental
illness can lessen stigma.
d. The media can be used as a tool to educate
and change public opinion.
a. People with a mental illness

will never recover.
One of the significant causes of mortality for

both Aboriginal people and Maori people is
a. depression.
b. bipolar disorder.
c. drug dependence.
d. Suicide
d. Suicide
Cultural safety can be defined as

a. describing the practices of diverse ethnic
groups.
b. learning about the diverse cultural practices
of consumers and clients.
c. nurses learning about their own attitudes
and values in their own culture.
d. describing how one can be safe when using
different cultural beliefs.
c. nurses learning about their

own attitudes and values in
their own culture.
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The concepts and practices associated with

whnau ora (family wellness) are considered
a. part of wellness for Mori living in rural
areas.
b. the pinnacle in achieving wellness to Mori.
c. the steps for Mori to achieve equality.
d. Mori aspects of alternative healing.
b. the pinnacle in achieving

wellness to Mori.
With Mori spiritual links closely tied to the

land, the loss of ancestral land is considered to
be:
a. an underlying cause of ill-health for Mori
b. a reason why Mori dont become unwell.
c. the cause of Mori not seeking help in the
early stages of ill-health.
a reason why Mori dont trust mainstream
services
a. an underlying cause of illhealth for Mori
The cornerstone of culturally safe nursing

practice is the ability of the nurse to
a. be professionally removed from the unique
needs of Mori.
b. speak te reo.
c. treat everyone as the same.
d. understand their own culture in order to
understand the culture of service users.
d. understand their own culture

in order to understand the
culture of service users.
Te Whare Tapa Wha is a holistic model of

health which incorporates
a. tinana, hinengaro, whnau and wairua
aspects of health.
b. individual, physical, family, spiritual aspects
of health.
c. individual, whnau, hapu, iwi aspects of
health.
d. physical, mental, family, individual aspects of
health.
Nurses build trust and enhance therapeutic
relationships with Mori by
a. Focusing on the individual.
b. Engaging with the individual, whanau, iwi
and community members.
c. Promoting mainstream models of
healthcare.
d. Overlooking the unique needs of Mori.
a. tinana, hinengaro, whnau

and wairua aspects of health.
b. Engaging with the individual,

whanau, iwi and community
members.
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The id, ego and superego comprise the forces

underpinning which theory of personality?
a. the biomedical theory
b. the cognitive psychology theory
c. humanistic psychology theory
d. psychoanalytic theory
d.psychoanalytic
theory
A defence mechanism can be described as:

a. a person placing defences against others by
not being socially involved.
b. a conscious process whereby anxiety
experienced by the ego is reduced.
c. an unconscious process whereby anxiety
experienced by the ego is reduced.
d. a way of allowing a person to understand
how their ego works in conjunction with their id
and superego.
c. an unconscious process
whereby anxiety experienced
by the ego is reduced.
Which defence mechanism is seen at work in

the following example?
Mary has been unassertive with her supervisor
at work and when she comes home she slams
cupboards and screams at her husband.
a. regression
b. sublimation
c. projection
d. Displacement
d. Displacement
Which defence mechanism is seen at work in

the following example?
Julie is a four-year-old toilet-trained child who
becomes incontinent following the birth of her
new sister.
a. rationalisation
b. intellectualisation
c. Regression
d. denial
c. Regression
The nature versus nurture debate focuses on

a. behavioural influences versus cognitive
changes in the individual.
b. biological inheritance versus environmental
influences on an individual.
c. psychosocial determinants versus
psychoanalytical influences on the individual.
d. humanistic psychology versus behavioural
changes in an individual.
b. biological inheritance versus

environmental influences on an
individual.
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One of the main influences on ones selfconcept, life relationships and life experiences
is
a. resilience.
b. personal control.
c. attachment.
d. humanism.
c. attachment.
An underlying premise of Allports (1961)

dimensions of maturity is
a. acceptance of self and others.
b. autonomy versus shame and doubt.
c. emotional security.
d. definite moral standards.
c. emotional security.
Eriksons work on stage development

envisaged successful personality development
as
a. an outcome of conflict resolution through
eight psychosocial stages.
b. an outcome of four broad stages in cognitive
development.
c. an outcome of adolescent disequilibrium
among peers.
d. an outcome of attachment between mother
and child.
The major difference, for a child, between an
authoritative parent and an authoritarian parent
according to Baumrind (1971) was that
a. an authoritative parent was involved and
confronting.
b. an authoritarian parent had clear
expectations of the child.
c. an authoritarian parent was warm and
supportive.
d. an authoritative parent had clear, rational
expectations.
It has been argued that moral development is
more complex than simple developmental
stage theories indicate. Taking into account
underlying critical factors, which of the
following family characteristics helps moral
development the most?
a. a degree of family adaptability,
cohesiveness and communication
b. exploring self-reliance in an individual within
a family
c. a degree of support and interactive family
communication
d. warm, non-demanding and non-controlling
parents
a. an outcome of conflict
resolution through eight
psychosocial stages.
d. an authoritative parent had

clear, rational expectations.
a. a degree of family
adaptability, cohesiveness and
communication
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There are a number of defining features that

make up a crisis. Which of the following could
be one of the most common?
a. There is a turning point in an individuals life
experiences.
b. There is denial of the crisis taking place.
c. There is a sense of uncontrollability.
d. The distress continues for over a year.
c. There is a sense of
uncontrollability.
A life crisis can disrupt peoples daily activities

and routines. People involved in a crisis might:
a. make behavioural, social and emotional
adjustments in their lives.
b. make plans throughout life in preparation for
a crisis.
c. decide on permanent changes to their
routines and activities.
d. decide on who in the family would be able to
lead in this situation.
a. make behavioural, social

and emotional adjustments in
their lives.
What type of responses can play a critical role

in reaction to stress and crisis?
a. avoidance and cognitive responses
b. cognitive appraisal and coping responses
c. psychosocial responses
d. stress-avoidance responses
b. cognitive appraisal and

coping responses
Assessment, planning, intervention and

resolution are components of which of the
following interventions?
a. therapeutic intervention
b. humanistic intervention
c. strengths-based intervention
d. crisis intervention
d. crisis intervention
One of the major factors for effective

counselling of clients from culturally and
linguistically diverse backgrounds is:
a. using a nurse from a similar cultural
background to that of the client.
b. setting clearly established boundaries with
the client
c. undertaking a cultural safety course to
understand the client.
d. allowing relatives or significant others to
interpret for the client.
b. setting clearly established

boundaries with the client
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Which of the following is considered to be the

main use for classification systems in mental
health settings?
a. to provide an understanding of the aetiology
of a clients illness
b. to help a family and significant others to
understand the diagnosis
c. to provide a functional, standardised and
validated means of grouping phenomena
d. to provide a written, comprehensive
checklist for the multidisciplinary team to use
c. to provide a functional,
standardised and validated
means of grouping phenomena
Two of the most important communication

skills necessary for a positive therapeutic
relationship are
a. empathy and presencing.
b. reflection and empathy.
c. paraphrasing and reflection.
d. clarifying and empathy.
a. empathy and
presencing.
An assessment of strengths and resources for

a consumer would include which of the
following assets?
a. realistic expectations
b. support systems
c. financial support
d. lifestyle factors
b. support systems
A component of the mental status examination

is assessment of thought content. One factor
of thought content, if present, would include:
a. hallucinations
b. Delusions
c. depersonalisation
d. derealisation
b. Delusions
A patients affect describes

a. internal feeling or emotion.
b. delusional feeling or thought.
c. external emotional response.
d. language disturbance.
c. external emotional
response
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Which term instead of dual diagnosis provides

a label for a person with a mental illness who
also has a co-morbid intellectual disability?
a. dual mental illness
b. dual competency
c. dual disability
d. dual involvement
c. dual disability
Intellectual disabilities may result from a

number of factors, including
a. familial and environmental influences.
b. alterations in activities of daily living.
c. institutionalised care in any form.
d. rural and remote environments.
a. familial and environmental

influences.
A major principle that has been a driving force

behind the design and creation of services for
persons with an intellectual disability is
a. privatisation.
b. normalisation.
c. participation.
d. institutionalisation.
b. normalisation.
A major difficulty associated with a person with

an intellectual disability and a mental illness is
that
a. challenging behaviours are diagnosed.
b. the condition is undiagnosed and ignored.
c. service access is poor.
d. people are involved in deinstitutionalisation.
b. the condition is undiagnosed

and ignored.
One of the major problems with assessment of

a person with an intellectual disability is the:
a. stigmatisation of the individual.
b. labelling of the family and the individual.
c. difficulty of communication.
d. lack of resources for staff.
c. difficulty of
communication.
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One important aspect of mental health

assessment of children is the need to include
evaluation of
a. peer support and functioning levels.
b. the familys functioning and coping skills.
c. the environment and support.
d. the school needs of the child.
b. the familys functioning and

coping skills.
An important, useful skill that mental health

nurses can acquire when dealing with children
and adolescents and their families is
a. the ability to engage clients and establish
rapport.
b. knowledge and dissemination of information.
c. the ability to use reflection and administer
medications.
d. knowledge of the Mental Health Act.
a. the ability to engage clients

and establish rapport.
A nursing care plan can primarily be seen as:

a. a means of establishing a therapeutic
relationship.
b. a report for dissemination of information.
c. a recovery plan for the young person and
family.
d. a plan of treatment and implementation.
c. a recovery plan for the

young person and family.
For the child or adolescent, psychoeducation

can be seen to facilitate
a. treatment of the illness.
b. early diagnosis.
c. early recovery
d. health.
c. early recovery
The ability of a young person to consent to

medical treatment or seek medical
consultations is referred to as
a. Gillick competence.
b. Sawyer competence.
c. Brunswick competence.
d. WHO competence.
a. Gillick competence.
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The term ageism refers to

a. discrimination against young people aged
between 13 and 18 years.
b. discrimination against people on the
grounds of their age alone.
c. discrimination against people aged upwards
of 70 years.
d. asking how old a person might be.
b. discrimination against
people on the grounds of their
age alone.
A mini mental status examination is useful

when there is little time to conduct a full mental
status exam and when
a. the family is supportive but over-involved.
b. the family does not want to allow a full
assessment.
c. the client is unaware of his or her
surroundings.
d. the client is experiencing psychological
distress.
d. the client is experiencing

psychological distress.
The most common mental illness of old age is

a. depression.
b. mania.
c. anxiety.
d. schizophrenia.
a. depression.
One of the most effective treatments for

depression in the elderly is:
a. electroconvulsive therapy.
b. therapeutic intervention.
c. reminiscence therapy.
d. early intervention.
d. early intervention.
One of the main differences between dementia

and delirium is that
a. in dementia the course of the illness is short
and rapid, whereas in delirium the course of
the illness is slow and progressive.
b. in dementia the symptoms are worse in the
morning, whereas in delirium the symptoms
are worse in the early evening.
c. in dementia the course of the illness is slow
and progressive, whereas in delirium the
course of the illness is short and rapid.
d. in dementia the symptoms are worse
throughout the day, whereas in delirium the
symptoms are worse in the early evening.
c. in dementia the course of the illness is slow

and progressive, whereas in delirium the
course of the illness is short and rapid.
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Bleulers four As for identification of symptoms

of schizophrenia consisted of
a. attrition, association disturbance, autism and
association looseness.
b. autism, ambivalence, affective disturbance
and associative looseness.
c. ambiguousness, affective disturbance,
autism and association looseness.
d. autism, affective disturbance, attrition and
associative looseness.
b. autism, ambivalence,
affective disturbance and
associative looseness.
One symptom of schizophrenia that means

loss of feelings of pleasure previously
associated with favoured activities is
a. autism.
b. hallucinations.
c. ambivalence.
d. anhedonia.
d. anhedonia.
A definition of delusional thinking may be

described by which of the following definitions?
a. retreat into an inner fantasy world, socially
isolating or withdrawing oneself and losing
contact with reality
b. false, fixed belief that is inconsistent with
ones social, cultural and religious beliefs and
cannot be logically reasoned with
c. severe and debilitating illness with
disorganised motor behaviour and the inability
to relate to external stimuli
d. false, fixed perception that one can see,
hear, smell, touch or taste external stimuli, but
is losing contact with reality
One effective nursing management strategy for
auditory hallucinations is to
a. touch the client on the shoulder to reality
base them.
b. place medication in their food for sedative
purposes.
c. identify activities with the client to help them
cope with the hallucinations.
d. discuss the clients care with their family for
suggestions.
People who have a diagnosis of schizophrenia
are more likely to have what kind of general
physical health as compared to the general
population
a. Better with a longer life expectancy.
b. The same kind of health outcomes as the
general population.
c. Better with a shorter life expectancy.
d. Poorer with a shorter life expectancy.
b. false, fixed belief that is inconsistent with

ones social, cultural and religious beliefs and
cannot be logically reasoned with
c. identify activities with the

client to help them cope with
the hallucinations.
d. Poorer with a shorter life

expectancy.
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The depressed person can undergo many

changes, including behavioural, cognitive,
communication and mood changes. The
observable behaviour associated with changes
in a persons mood is called
a. ruminations.
b. withdrawal.
c. self-awareness.
d. affect.
d. affect.
A key to working effectively with someone who

has a mood disorder is to
a. Use medication.
b. Ensure the person attends groups.
c. Work collaboratively with openness and
respect
d. Give the person a reality check on the good
things in life.
c. Work collaboratively with

openness and respect
For assessment of the spiritual needs of

depressed people, a nurse can ask questions
about
a. freedom of choice.
b. the type of family involvement needed.
c. suicidal ideation.
d. sources of hope and comfort.
d. sources of hope
and comfort.
One of the methods that can be employed to

monitor and reduce distressing negative
thoughts for people who are depressed
includes
a. limit setting.
b. group work.
c. problem-solving techniques.
d. behaviour modification.
c. problem-solving
techniques.
Bipolar disorder is a diagnosis classified in the

DSM-IV-TR when a person has previously
experienced
a. at least three manic episodes and two
depressive episodes.
b. at least two manic episodes and one
depressive episode.
c. at least one manic episode and one
depressive episode.
d. at least one manic episode.
d. at least one manic

episode.
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A person who is exhibiting evidence of some

paranoid ideation, and lacking social networks
or friends, expresses odd beliefs and thinking
in their speech and is odd in their appearance.
They may be showing signs of which of the
following personality disorders?
a. antisocial personality disorder
b. avoidant personality disorder
c. obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
d. schizotypal personality disorder
d. schizotypal
personality disorder
The onset of symptoms for some personality

disorders may be attributed to which of the
following?
a. childhood abuse and neglect
b. drug dependence
c. alcohol dependence
d. adolescent illness
a. childhood abuse
and neglect
One of the principles of nursing care of a client

with a personality disorder is that the nurse
must
a. reject the clients dependence on their
primary care.
b. monitor the client for signs of self-harm and
suicidality
c. monitor involvement of this client with
others.
d. isolate this client from other clients in the
unit.
b. monitor the client for signs

of self-harm and suicidality
One interactive therapy that helps to actively

incorporate social skills training for the client is
a. pharmacological therapy.
b. therapeutic community.
c. dialectical behaviour therapy.
d. individual therapy.
c. dialectical
behaviour therapy.
When a client approaches an individual staff

member and appeals to this individual by
sharing secrets and suggesting that the staff
member is the only one who understands or is
approachable, the client may be exhibiting
what type of behaviour?
a. agenda setting
b. limit setting
c. staff collusion
d. staff splitting
d. staff splitting
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A higher rate of anxiety is exhibited by people

who:
a. live in a group home.
b. live with one or more people.
c. live alone.
d. live in cities.
c. live alone.
According to behavioural theory, anxiety can

be:
a. passed from generation to generation, but
families share both genes and environment.
b. learned through experience and can be
unlearned through new experiences.
c. more prevalent in women than in men as
women think, men drink.
d. an individuals response to unacceptable
thought and emotions.
b. learned through experience

and can be unlearned through
new experiences.
When a client is having a panic attack, the

nurse should first
a. get assistance.
b. stay with the client.
c. check the medication chart.
d. involve the multidisciplinary team.
b. stay with the client.
To help reduce anxiety and prevent

hyperventilation occurring during a panic
attack, a client may be able to learn which
technique?
a. desensitisation technique
b. graded exposure technique
c. slow breathing technique
d. focused exposure technique
c. slow breathing
technique
A client with obsessive-compulsive disorder

does not gain enjoyment from any ritual but is
compelled to undertake the ritual in an effort to
a. dispel any contamination that has occurred.
b. ward off uncomfortable and relentless
anxiety.
c. combat feelings of inadequacy.
d. undertake their own duty of care.
b. ward off uncomfortable and

relentless anxiety.
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Anorexia nervosa is characterised by a refusal

to maintain minimal, normal body weight for
age and height, whereas bulimia nervosa is
characterised by
a. body mass index.
b. disturbed body image.
c. binge-eating behaviour.
d. dependence behaviour.
c. binge-eating
behaviour.
One of the major risk factors for eating

disorders is
a. media exposure.
b. dieting
c. clothes obsession.
d. compulsions.
b. dieting
The most dangerous complication of vomiting

and purgative abuse by people with an eating
disorder is which of the following?
a. amenorrhoea
b. delayed gastric emptying
c. depletion of potassium, chloride and sodium
d. bone mineral density problems
c. depletion of potassium,
chloride and sodium
Cognitive changes which may be associated

with starvation include
a. lack of concentration, increased obsession
with food and body image.
b. secretive behaviour in relation to food
disposal.
c. body image avoidance and dissatisfaction.
d. body mass index disruptions.
a. lack of concentration,
increased obsession with food
and body image.
One treatment that can be helpful to people

who have an eating disorder is:
a. client-driven goal setting.
b. planned goal-setting sessions.
c. decreased behaviour modification.
d. increased inpatient surveillance.
a. client-driven goal
setting.
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Co-morbidity is a term used to describe

a. someone who is drug dependent.
b. anyone who has an alcohol and drug
disorder problem.
c. someone who has more than one disorder at
the same time.
d. someone who has a substance use disorder.
c. someone who has more

than one disorder at the same
time.
A program that aims to teach consumers

cognitive and behavioural strategies that may
enhance their capacity to cope with high-risk
situations that can precipitate deterioration in
their condition is
a. behavioural prevention.
b. reminiscence prevention.
c. relapse prevention.
d. psychiatric rehabilitation.
c. relapse prevention.
When a nurse is asking about substance use,

it is important to first
a.undertake an in-depth mental health exam.
b. approach the topic in an open and nonjudgmental manner.
c. ask why the patient needs to take these
substances.
d. involve the family in the discussion about
use.
b. approach the topic in an

open and non-judgmental
manner.
Clients with a dual diagnosis often evoke

powerful, unpleasant feelings in health
professionals. This may be due to which of the
following?
a. Many nurses may feel unskilled in working
with them.
b. Many nurses have no postgraduate
qualifications in this area.
c. Many nurses work more in the community
with this problem.
d. Many nurses work more in the hospital with
this problem.
a. Many nurses may feel

unskilled in working with them.
Harm-reduction strategies aim to

a. prevent the client from doing any more harm
to others.
b. reduce the involvement of the case manager
in reduction of alcohol and other drugs.
c. reduce problems associated with continuing
use of alcohol and other drugs.
d. prevent the family from being harmed by a
client using alcohol or other drugs.
c. reduce problems associated

with continuing use of alcohol
and other drugs.
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The psychological process whereby anxiety or

psychological conflict is translated into physical
complaints is known as
a. psychogenic fugue.
b. malingering.
c. somatisation.
d. conversion.
c. somatisation.
The main difference between a client with a

somatisation disorder and a client with
hypochondriasis is that
a. the somatisation client is focused on their
symptoms, whereas the hypochondriacal client
is focused on what the symptoms may signify.
b. the somatisation client is focused on what
symptoms may signify, whereas the
hypochondriacal client is focused on their
symptoms.
c. the somatisation client does not have
has a multitude of symptoms.
d. the somatisation symptoms vary, whereas
the hypochondriacal clients symptoms are
short-lived.
a. the somatisation client is focused on their

is focused on what the symptoms may signify.
In which one of the following disorders can the

client have what is known as la belle
indifferencea lack of concern about their
symptoms?
a. body dysmorphic disorder
b. anxiety disorder
c. conversion disorder
d. post-traumatic distress
c. conversion disorder
One of the major effective treatments for

somatoform disorders has been
a. deep-breathing techniques.
b. cognitive behavioural therapy.
c. interactive group therapy.
d. family therapy.
b. cognitive
behavioural therapy.
Dissociative disorders are characterised by

which of the following group of changes?
a. marked abrupt, temporary changes in
consciousness, cognition, memory, identity or
behavior
b. marked abrupt, temporary changes in affect
and mood and perceptual abilities
c. marked abrupt, temporary changes in
thinking, becoming isolative and not based in
a. marked abrupt, temporary

changes in consciousness,
cognition, memory, identity or
behavior
Page 21 of 26
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reality
d. marked abrupt, temporary changes in
suicidal ideation, depressed affect, identity or
thinking
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An important component of the therapeutic

milieu is
a. participation of staff in decision-making.
b. participation of patients and staff in decisionmaking.
c. participation of the family in decisionmaking.
d. participation of the community in decisionmaking.
b. participation of patients and

staff in decision-making.
One of the main purposes of the

multidisciplinary team is to
a. provide a unique perspective on viewing the
client.
b. provide an opportunity for communication.
c. establish routine work delegation among
team members.
d. establish rules and regulations for team
membership.
a. provide a unique
perspective on viewing the
client.
An underlying principle of validation in a

therapeutic milieu for the client involves
a. information being available for medication
compliance.
b. accessibility of treatment programs such as
group work.
c. encouraging open discussion of values,
feelings and goals.
d. openness with family members concerning
treatment options.
c. encouraging open
discussion of values, feelings
and goals.
The therapeutic community has defined

mental disturbance as
a. a problem in relationships rather than an
individual health problem.
b. a problem with individual health rather than
with relationships.
c. a difficult problem to work out without the
therapeutic community.
d. a difficult concept which works better in a
therapeutic community.
a. a problem in relationships
rather than an individual health
problem.
Apart from commitment and expertise from

staff, therapeutic communities also need staff
to have
a. commitment to helping clients.
b. commitment to time management.
c. skills in administration.
d. skills to empower clients.
d. skills to empower
clients.
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The main difference between a closed

question and an open-ended question is that
a. a closed question is used more often in a
therapeutic conversation than an open-ended
question, to let the conversation flow.
b. a closed question is used to elicit a brief
answer or single word and an open-ended
question allows the respondent to answer
more fully.
c. a closed question is used to allow the
respondent to answer more fully and an openended question elicits a brief answer or single
word.
d. a closed question is used to let the
conversation flow and an open-ended question
is used more often in a therapeutic
conversation.
b. a closed question is used to elicit a brief

answer or single word and an open-ended
question allows the respondent to answer
more fully.
The concept of transference by a client is

based on which of the following notions?
a. the conscious
b. the unconscious
c. the emotions
d. affect
b. the unconscious
One ethical and self-reflective issue that

nurses will need to contend with in mental
health is
a. aggression.
b. conversion.
c. boundaries.
d. unions.
c. boundaries.
Which of the following procedures is a practice

that most patients in a mental health setting
perceive in a negative way?
a. relaxation
b. meetings
c. Seclusion
d. groups
c. Seclusion
For a nurse working in the mental health area,

clinical supervision may provide
a. a stepping stone for promotion activities.
b. a way of talking to supervisors about
patients. x
c. a useful contact for the graduate nurse to be
involved in.
d. a safe avenue for nurses to

express their feelings.
Page 24 of 26
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d. a safe avenue for nurses to express their

feelings.
Page 25 of 26
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Motivational interviewing was initially an

intervention developed for working with which
type of clients?
a. people with mood disorders
b. people with perceptual disorders and
problems
c. people with substance abuse and
dependence problems
d. people with depressive and suicidal
problems
c. people with substance

abuse and dependence
problems
A person classified with a borderline

personality disorder may effectively use which
of the following interventions?
a. electro-convulsive therapy
b. psychopharmacolgy
c. psychotherapy
d. dialectical behaviour therapy
d. dialectical
behaviour therapy
The underlying principle of family therapy is

based on the fundamental premise that
a. the family is a unit that needs to be opened
up to scrutiny.
b. when a person has a problem, it usually
involves the whole family.
c. when a family has a problem, there is
usually one person to blame.
d. the multidisciplinary team needs to use
family therapy.
b. when a person has a

problem, it usually involves the
whole family.
When a family is deemed to have high levels of

expressed emotion (EE), which of the following
is the appropriate intervention?
a. psychotherapy
b. psychopharmacology
c. Psychoeducation
d. psychogenesis
c.Psychoeducation
One of the main concerns regarding the use of

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) as an
intervention is that
a. people prefer medication to ECT.
b. people are not certain how ECT works.
c. people have family options to consider.
d. people are not certain of how ECT is seen
by the media.
b. people are not certain how

ECT works.
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A patient tells you, the student nurse, that she

b.allow the client to continue

The purpose of reflection for a nurse is to

Professional boundaries means

b. having an empathetic and positive