Power Circuits and Electromechanics

Chapter 06

Asynchronous Machines
(Induction machines)

Presenter: Hoang-Hon Trinh

Industrial and Civil Automation Lab
Tel: 0903767041
trinhhoanghon09@gmail.com
www.icalabhcmut.edu.vn

28/07/2015 10:11 SA

Introduction
* Structure
Stator: similar to
synchronous machines
Rotor:
Wound rotor
Squirrel cage rotor

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Introduction
* Wound rotor and Squirrel cage rotor

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Principles of operation
* Call nact is speed of rotor
Nact=0

60 f
ns
p

4 poles of
Stators rotating field revolves stator windings

6 poles of
stator windings

Flux of each rotors frame is time-varying

Secondary flux field is generated
at rotors frames

Opposite polarity
Rotor revolves
28/07/2015 10:11 SA

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ICA Lab

Principles of operation
* Call nact is speed of rotor
Nact=ns
Stators rotating field revolves
Flux of each rotors frame is time-varying
Secondary flux field is generated
at rotors frames

No!

Opposite polarity
Rotor revolves
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ICA Lab

Principles of operation
* Finally,
nact<ns, Asynchronous machine

ns nact
s
ns

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60 f
ns
p

(1)

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ICA Lab

Power Circuits and Electromechanics

Quantitative analysis

Rotating machines

Presenter: Hoang-Hon Trinh

Industrial and Civil Automation Lab
Tel: 0903767041
trinhhoanghon09@gmail.com
www.icalabhcmut.edu.vn

28/07/2015 10:11 SA

Objects

Electro-mechanical systems
Transformers
Synchronous machine
Asynchronous machine
DC machine

Linkage flux i

See also example

Voltage equations vi

Energy or co-energy

Equivalent voltage equations

Force and torque from

electrical origin

Electrical equivalent circuits

Analysis and determination of systems

28/07/2015 10:11 SA

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ICA Lab

Power Circuits and Electromechanics

Three-phase

Induction machine

Presenter: Hoang-Hon Trinh

Industrial and Civil Automation Lab
Tel: 0903767041
trinhhoanghon09@gmail.com
www.icalabhcmut.edu.vn

28/07/2015 10:11 SA

Three-phase induction machines

* 6 electrical ports
* 1 mechanical port
Rotor rotates: Te,

iar I m r cos r t

isa I m s cos s t
isb I m s cos s t 120

(2)

isc I m s cos s t 120

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ibr I m r cos r t 120

(3)

icr I m r cos r t 120

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ICA Lab

10

 as
ias Three-phase induction machines

i
bs
bs
cs
ics * Linkage flux
A (4)
ar
iar
br
ibr

L L L

M
cos

M
cos

120
M
cos

120

cr
icr
2
2

ms

ms

Lms
2

Lms
2
(5) where, A

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Ls

Lms
2

Lms
2

M cos 120

Ls

M cos 120 M cos 120

Lr

T
r

Lmr

2
L
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mr
2
ICA Lab

M cos

Lmr
2
Lr

Lmr
2

M cos 120

M cos

Lmr

Lmr

Lr
11

Three-phase induction machines

* Co-energy

Oh my God!
Learned by heart to die?

1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
W Ls ias ibs ics Lr iar ibr icr
2
2
1
1
Lms ias ibs ibs ics ics ias Lmr iar ibr ibr icr icr iar
2
2
Miar ias cos ibs cos 120 ics cos 120
'
m

(6)

Mibr ias cos 120 ibs cos ics cos 120

Micr ias cos 120 ibs cos 120 ics cos
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ICA Lab

12

Three-phase induction machines

* Torque of electric origin
W
9
T
ims imr M sin ;

4
where, is arbitrary constant
e

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'
m

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ICA Lab

(7)

13

Three-phase induction machines

* Voltage equations

(8)

d as
vas ias Rs
dt
d

var iar Rr ar
dt

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Equivalent Equations

var' avar
(9)
'
2

a
Lr
i
r
'
ar
iar
And '
Rules as
2
a
L

a
L
mr
mr
a transformer '
Rr a 2 Rr
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14

Three-phase induction machines

Rr'
'
s aMI a js Llr
s
3

Va js Lls I a j
'

2 Rr
' 3

js Llr aM
2

* Equivalent equations

js Lls

* Equivalent circuit
Va

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ICA Lab

Ia
3
j s aM
2

(10)

j s L'lr

Ir'

Rr'
s

15

Three-phase induction machines

* Equivalent circuits
Approximate equivalent circuit
j s Lls

Va

j s L'lr

I r'

Ia
3
j s aM
2

Rr'

Rr'
'
' 1 s
Rr Rr
s
s
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Rr'

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1 s
s

(11)
16

Three-phase induction machines

* Equivalent circuits
Core and stator losses can be accounted
Va

Im

Ia

Ra

I r'

jxls

'
r

jxlr'
1 s
R
s
'
r

Rc

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jX m

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ICA Lab

17

Three-phase induction machines

* Power relationships
'
r

R
PT 3Va I a cos 3I
3 I
s
'2
r

' 2
r

2
a

V
Ra 3
Pag Pscl Pc
Rc

(12)

Pag : power across the air gap

where, Pscl : stator copper loss
Pc : core loss
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ICA Lab

18

Three-phase
induction machines

* Power relationships
R
'2 '
' 1 s
'2 '
'2 ' 1 s
Pag 3I
3I r Rr Rr
3I r Rr 3I r Rr
s
s
s

(13)
Pr Pm
'2
r

'
r

where,

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Pr sPag :rotor copper loss

Pm 1 s Pag : mechanical power
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ICA Lab

(14)

19

Three-phase
induction machines

* Power relationships
1 s
Pm 3I R
Pshaft Prot
s
'2
r

'
r

(15)

Prot speed, maintainance

Prot = constant in normal cases

where,

Pshaft : available power at the shaft

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ICA Lab

20

Three-phase
induction machines

* Power relationships
PT 3Va I a cos

'
R
'2
Pag 3I r r
s

2
a

1 s
Pm 3I R
s
'2
r

'
r

Pshaft

Prot

V
'2 '
Pr 3I r Rr
Pc 3
'2
Pscl 3I r Ra
Rc
Pshaft PT Pscl Pc Pr Prot
* Efficiency
(16)

PT
PT
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ICA Lab

21

Three-phase induction machines

* Expression for Te in terms of Va
Using approximate equivalent circuit
Va
I
(17)
'
'
Ra Rr s j xls xlr
'
r

Pm 3 I r'
Te

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2 '
3
V
1

s
a Rr 1 s s
'
(18)
Rr

2
2
'
'
s
R

R
s

x
a r ls lr

3Va2 Rr' s

s Ra Rr' s xls xlr'

2

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(19)

22

Three-phase induction machines

* Expression for Te in terms of Va
s small
2
3
V
s
e
e
a
T
or
T
s
'
s Rr

s large value
Te

3Va2

s xls x

' 2
lr

Rr'
s

1
or T
s
e

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ICA Lab

23

Three-phase induction machines

* Expression for Te in terms of Va
e
Tmax

e
Tstart

3Va2

2s xls xlr'

2
a

Ra 0

'
r

3V R

s Ra Rr' xls xlr'

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s mT

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Rr'

R xls x
2
a

' 2
lr

24