JOURNAL ARTICLE REVIEW TEMPLATE

North American University

Education Department
M.Ed. in Educational Leadership / M.Ed. in Curriculum and Instruction
EDUC 5324 Integrating Technology into Education
Name: Abdullah Ceylan
Date: 9/25/2016
Cite the reviewed article in APA format:
Dogan, B., & Almus, K. (2014). School Administrators Use of iPads: Impact of Training
and Attitudes Toward School Use. Computers in the Schools, 31(3), 233-250.
doi:10.1080/07380569.2014.932660
INTRODUCTION
Research Questions (if research questions are not specifically mentioned, what is the
theoretical background or overarching theme):
The research is conducted to find answers for the following questions:
1. What is the impact of the training process on school administrators use of iPads for
administrative tasks and personal organization in their professional duties?
2. What is the impact of the training process on school administrators beliefs regarding
how teachers should use iPads in the classroom?
3. Are there any differences in school administrators survey responses based on gender,
age, years of experience in school administration and education, highest degree attained,
school classification, or school size?
Purpose of the research:
There is a lack of research on how school administrators use iPads for their professional
duties and the potential effects on their work-related tasks and personal organization.
There was no research examining the impact of receiving specific iPad training on school
administrators attitudes toward iPad use. In order to determine potential impacts in this
area, a research study involving a training process, which included workshops, online
resources, and ongoing support, was designed.
METHODOLOGY
What is the methodology for the research or approach used to understand the issue?
Provide information regarding the following:
Participants: Elementary and secondary school administrators working in one of the
largest public charter school systems in a southwestern state were the target population for
the study. Fifty-one participants who owned iPads volunteered to complete the pre-survey
out of approximately 120 school administrators in the school system. 30 of the pre-survey
participants were male and 21 of them were female. 21 of male and 16 of female were presurvey participants were able to complete post-survey.

Procedures: Participants in this study were contacted by email through the school systems
central office, after securing approvals from the school district and the university. The
initial communication included information on the purpose, structure, and schedule of the
research study along with information on training and resources to be provided throughout
the spring semester of the 20122013 school year. Participants were asked to complete
consent forms prior to the study as required by the school district and the universitys
Institutional Review Board (IRB). Study components included a pre-survey, a training
session on the effective use of iPads for administrative tasks and personal organization,
specially designed resources expanding the topics covered in the training session, on-going
support, and a post-survey. The study was conducted February through May 2013.
Data Collection Methods/Data Source: Two survey instruments as a mechanism to
collect data, which were administered online through the survey submission system hosted
at the universitys server. The pre-survey was administered at the beginning of the spring
2013 semester and the post-survey was given at the end of the four-month study period.
Both instruments were reviewed for face validity by two education faculty members and
then were piloted using a group of school administrators in a local school district. Surveys
were finalized after the feedback on the pilot versions. Demographic information collected
on the pre-survey included age, years of experience as a school administrator, years of
experience in education, highest degree earned, school classification, and school size. The
pre-survey also included questions measuring if and how school administrators were
currently using their iPads for their daily school-related tasks, their beliefs about the
effectiveness of iPads for administrative tasks, and if and how school teachers should be
using iPads in the classroom. Designed as a closure to the study, the post-survey instrument
included questions intended to measure self-reported improvements in certain tasks after
completing the training, as well as items regarding the evaluation of training session and
resources provided to school administrators during the Downloaded by [76.31.198.76] at
18:17 03 November 2014 School Administrators Use of iPads 237 study. In addition, some
of the questions of the pre-survey were repeated in the post-survey to assess the change in
responses during the study.
Data Analysis: Survey instruments included multiple choice and Likert-type scale items.
The survey responses were reported as frequencies. In addition, paired sample t-test data
analysis was conducted to understand the differences in the responses between the pre- and
post-surveys. A one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test was conducted to see
whether there were any differences in school administrators responses by gender, age,
years of experience in school administration and education, highest degree attained, school
classification, and school size. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software
was used to conduct the data analysis.
RESULTS
Findings or Results (or main points of the article): The data analysis of this study is
categorized into five main groups: analysis of demographic and contextual data; impacts of
the training process on school administrators use of iPad and iPad applications; impacts of
the training process on school administrators beliefs regarding how teachers should use

iPads in the classroom; differences in participants responses by their demographic and

contextual data (gender, age, years of experience in school administration and education,
highest degree attained, school classification, and school size); and evaluation of training
process.
Category 1s results: 50.98% of school administrators held a bachelors degree and
49.02% held a masters degree.
Category 2s results: The overall training process in this study had a statistically
significant effect on participants beliefs about the effectiveness of iPads as a tool for
administrative tasks and personal organization.
Category 3s results: There was a slight increase how school administrators would like to
see their teachers using iPads for class communications thru email, messaging, contacting
parents, etc.
Category 4s results: There is no significant differences for the item asking school
administrators to rate their beliefs about iPads being effective tools.
Category 5s results: The results indicated that they found Google Drive storage and
sharing files the most useful.
According to the results, school administrators in K5 reported their level of iPad skills and
knowledge higher than administrators of K8 and K12 schools.
DISCUSSIONS
Conclusions/Implications (for your profession):
Educators are often provided with technological tools but are given little instruction on how
these tools can be used meaningfully in the classroom. Even though teachers have more
resources available to them than ever before, they still do not receive sufficient training on
the effective use of technology to enhance learning.
In conclusion, overall results of this study suggest that in order for school administrators
to be successful in using iPads for professional duties, especially for administrative
tasks and personal organization, sufficient and ongoing training is recommended. As school
administrators are seen as both the instructional and technological leaders of their schools,
receiving appropriate training would not only allow them to be efficient in performing
work-related tasks but also positively affect the successful implementation of iPads by
teachers and students.
REFLECTIONS
Students Reflections (changes to your understanding; implications for your
school/work):
Over all, I found the research very useful and especially meaningful along the class of
EDUC 5315: Integrated Technology. I have seen thru this research that iPad is something
that can be used for an educational tool by school administrators. It does make their job
easy and more efficient. It is strongly recommended by the research that some prior training
and ongoing support might relieve their frustration and implementation difficulties.