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Abstract
In this study, the inuence of size and capping type of cylindrical specimens on compressive strength of concrete is investigated. For
this purpose, eight series of concrete mixtures were designed to have water/cement ratios of 37%, 42%, 47%, 48%, 55%, 62%, 71% and
77% (by volume). Three hundred and eighty-four cylindrical specimens having dimensions of 150/300 and 120/200 mm were casted. At
the end of 28-day standard curing period, the uniaxial compressive strength of capped and uncapped specimens was determined. Cement,
gypsum and sulphur are used as capping materials. The results of the experimental study reveal that the suitable average conversion
factor (the ratio of compressive strength of 100/200 mm cylinder to 150/300 mm cylinderfc100/fc150) can be taken as 103%. Linear and
nonlinear regression analyses were employed between fc100 and fc150. Linear and nonlinear regression analyses exhibited better
performance.
r 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Specimen size; Conversion factor; Capping type; Compressive strength; Concrete
1. Introduction
In addition to cubic specimens, cylindrical specimens of
various dimensions are used in the determination of
compressive strength of concrete. About 150/300 mm
cylindrical specimen is generally adopted as standard
specimen for determination of compressive strength of
concrete [13]. Except the standard cylinder specimen,
specimens of lower dimensions are also used because they
are lightweight and small, consume less material, require
lower area for curing period and lower cast costs and need
low-capacity press. About 100/200 mm size is the most
common type of cylindrical specimen size of these specimens [4]. Because of differences between compressive
strengths of 100/200 and 150/300 mm cylindrical specimens, a number of researchers have proposed various
conversion factors depending on the type of concrete.
These coefcients change between 0.93 and 1.06 depending
on the type of concrete [115]. In general, it is assumed that
Corresponding author. Tel.: +90 232 3886026; fax: +90 232 3425629.
the compressive strength of 100/200 mm cylindrical specimens is higher than 150/300 mm cylinder specimens to a
degree of 5% [3].
The primary objective of this study is to establish
relationship between the 28-day compressive strength of
150/300 mm and 100/200 mm cylinder for the concretes of
eight different strength levels, which have a water/cement
(W/C) ratio ranging between 0.37 and 0.77.
2. Experimental study
2.1. Materials
In this study, an ordinary portland cement (CEM I
42.5R) was used as a cementitious materials. Its specic
surface is 3237 cm2/g and specic gravity is 3.15. Its initial
and nal setting times are 135 and 185 min, respectively.
The coarse and ne aggregates were crushed limestone.
They were separated into three different size fractions as
0/5 mm (AI), 5/15 mm (AII) and 15/25 mm (AIII). SSD
specic gravity of AI, AII and AIII aggregates are 2.70,
2.69 and 2.60, respectively. The absorption capacity of AI,
ARTICLE IN PRESS
S- . Yazc, G. Inan Sezer / Building and Environment 42 (2007) 24172420
2418
W/C
ratio
M1
M2
M3
M4
M5
M6
M7
M8
0.77
0.71
0.62
0.55
0.50
0.47
0.42
0.37
230
250
290
328
371
410
460
521
Water
177
178
180
180
186
193
193
193
Unit
weight
(kg/m3)
Aggregates
AIII
AII
AI
396
393
385
378
367
357
348
338
691
685
671
659
641
622
607
589
858
851
833
819
796
773
755
732
50
150/300 cylinder
40
100/200 cylinder
30
20
10
0
0.77
0.71
0.62
0.55
0.48
W/C ratio (%)
0.47
0.42
0.37
Table 2
fc100/fc150 ratios in accordance with W/C ratio
Mixture code
M1
M2
M3
M4
M5
M6
M7
M8
W/C ratio
0.77
0.71
0.62
0.55
0.48
0.47
0.42
0.37
Cement-capped
Gypsum-capped
Sulphur-capped
Average
97.9
108.9
104.0
108.4
107.5
108.2
98.3
103.4
100.0
107.2
103.4
108.5
108.3
106.7
101.6
98.9
89.7
105.8
104.7
108.0
106.2
101.4
100.0
104.2
93.6
100.0
98.0
106.3
105.9
102.9
101.1
99.1
95.3
105.5
102.5
107.8
107.0
104.8
100.3
101.4
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Table 3
fc100/fc150 ratios obtained from previous studies
Ref.
fc100/fc150 ratio
[2]
[3]
[5]
[6]
[8]
[11]
[12]
[13]
[14]
[15]
[16]
[17]
72110
3652
846
93
2380
2436
72131
4880
28
103104
105
105
98106
84132
101
86
111
4100
109
93
103
2419
Table 4
Results of linear and nonlinear regression analyses
No.
Model
R2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
Y a1x5+a2x4+a3x3+a4x2+a5x+a6
Y a1x4+a2x3+a3x2+a4x+a5
Y a1x3+a2x2+a3x+a4
Y a1x2+a2x+a3
Y exp(a1+a2x+a3x2)
Y 1/(a1+a2x+a3x2)
Y a1/(1+a2x+a3x2)
Y a1(1+x)a2
Y a1xa2
Y a1x+a2
Y xa1
Y a1 ax2
Y exp(a1+a2x)
Y a1/(1+a2x)
Y a1+a2log(x)
Y a1+a2/log(x)
Y a1+a2/x
0.996
0.994
0.993
0.993
0.993
0.992
0.992
0.990
0.989
0.989
0.989
0.987
0.987
0.949
0.943
0.893
0.856
Table 5
Coefcients of linear and nonlinear regression analyses
No.
Coefcients
a1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
8.68 106
2.46 105
1.62 105
0.0074
1.9888
0.1031
9.6991
0.7679
0.9025
0.9728
0.9916
10.0587
2.3084
14.6122
57.6660
108.8308
53.0346
a2
0.0013
0.0030
0.0089
0.5232
0.0545
0.0031
0.0302
1.0566
1.0199
0.1082
1.0338
0.0333
0.0150
26.1051
260.6252
607.7550
a3
a4
a5
a6
0.0733
0.1215
0.4811
5.7862
0.0003
2.93 105
0.0003
2.0072
2.8571
6.1466
25.4992
9.0225
134.7765
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2420
50
45
50
40
35
30
25
20
15
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
10
10
(a)
45
20
30
40
Measured fc150 values (MPa)
50
10
(b)
20
30
40
Measured fc150 values (MPa)
50
Fig. 2. Scatter plots (a) nonlinear regression, Model 1 (b) linear regression, Model 10.
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