Professional Documents
Culture Documents
INGLS
UNIT 1
1.1 SOME BASIC ELEMENTS OF THE SENTENCE.
Personal Pronouns
I:
yo
You: t
He:
el
She: ella
It:
We:
nosotros
You: ustedes
They: ellos, ellas
Possessive Adjectives
my:
mi, mis
your: tu, tus
his:
su, sus (de l)
her : su, sus (de ella)
Its:
su, sus
our : nuestro, a, os, as
your : su, sus (de uds.)
their : su, sus (de ellos)
Demonstrative Adjectives
Articles
This:
That :
These :
Those :
esto, e, a
eso, e, a / aquel, aquella
estos, estas
esos, as, aquellos, as.
In-on-at
near
far from
behind
= en
= cerca de
= lejos de
= detrs
1.2 PLURALS:
REGULAR:
/s/:
/es/:
/ies/:
/ves/:
IRREGULAR:
Man-men; woman-women; child-children; person-(persons) people; foot-feet
3
1.3 VERB TO BE: PRESENT TENSE :am, is, are.
Positive:
I am . (Im)
You are (Youre)
He is . (Hes)
She is (Shes)
It is . (Its)
We are .. (Were)
You are.. (Youre)
They are (Theyre)
Question
Negative:
Verb
am
isnt
are
is working
arent resting
Complement
a good student
at home now
in class
hard this term
now
Examples:
Are you a chemist? No, Im not. Im a biologist.
Are you tired?
Yes, Im exhausted.
1.5 EXERCISES:
CONTINUE TALKING ABOUT THE SUBJECT:
1. Mr. Johnson is a biologist. ____________ very good.
2. Peter is 18 and Alice is 21. ____________ brother and sister.
3. Today is not Sunday. __________ Monday.
4. Your books are not in English. ____________in Spanish.
5. You and I are in the same class. ______________in room G-101
6. My best friend is Paul. _______________ an Arts student.
A AN or X ?
1. That restauran is very _________________expensive.
2. These are ___________________interesting books
3. Jane is ____________attractive girl.
4. Youre _____________hour and ______________half late.
4
5. She is wearing ________________uniform.
6. That man is ____________honorable person.
7. Are you in ______________hurry?
8. They are _____________nice boys.
FILL IN WITH THE POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVE THAT CORRESPONDS TO THE
UNDERLINED WORD(S).
1. Santiago is a crowded city. ___________ streets are very polluted.
2. Those men are scientists. ___________________work is very ineresting..
3. Ms. Jenkins is my tutor __________________office is on the first floor.
4. This is a good dictionary. __________________covers are strong.
5. David is alone; _______________ girlfriend is abroad.
6. We are not comfortable because ____________________ room is very small.
TRANSLATE INTO ENGLISH:
1. El profesor y sus alumnos estn en la oficina de l.
___________________________________________________________________________
2. El Dr. Gmez y su seora son qumicos. Sus investigaciones son conocidas.
___________________________________________________________________________
3. Esta no es la sala de nosotros. Nuestra sala esta all.
___________________________________________________________________________
4. Los libros de ella no son nuevos. Son muy antiguos.
___________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
5. (a) Hace calor hoy da?
__________________________________________________________________________
UNIT 2
2.1 Prepositions.
In :
en
on :
en
at :
en
behind :
detrs de
in front of : delante de
between : entre (dos)
among :
entre (varios)
next to :
junto a, al lado de
near :
cerca de
far from :
lejos de
under :
debajo de
a book or magazine
in the newspaper
in the news
in this novel
in the document
dressed
the woman in red
the girls in jeans
the men in black
Others
in a hurry
in the mood
in fashion
in a good/bad mood
in the sun
in love
in time
in the corner
Transportation
in the car
in a taxi (cab)
but you travel
By bus
By subway
By train
By car
on the table
on the wall
on the floor
on the Highway
on the second floor
on the corner of Kent and Oak Street
on Sunday
on Broadway Avenue
on Friday morning
on September 18
on Christmas
transportation
on the bus
on the plane
on a horse
(and . . . on foot)
on that train
on the ship
on a bicycle
others
on fire
on the telephone
on the radio
on television
on business
places
at three oclock
at noon
at sunset
at night
at lunch/dinner time
at this/that time
at this/that moment
at school
at home
at work
at the university
at the bank
at the doctors
at Carlas
at the corner
at the door
adresses
at 456 Oxford Street
others
at the window
at the beginning
at the desk
at the end
at present
at the corner
at the gym
at the cinema
at once
at the cafeteria
at the hotel
at the stadium
omission
abroad :
downtown :
en el extranjero
en el centro
at last
at least
7
2.5 Question Words.
When . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ? :
Where . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ....? :
What . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ? :
What time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ? :
What color. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ? :
How. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...? :
How old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .? :
How far. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ? :
How much. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ? :
Why . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .? :
Who . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ? :
Whose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .? :
Cundo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .?
Dnde. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .?
Qu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..?
(A) Qu hora . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
(De) Qu color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ?
Cmo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .?
Qu edad / cuantos aos. . . . . . . ?
A qu distancia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .?
Cunto cuesta(n)/vale(n). . . . ?
Por qu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
Quin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
De quin (pertenencia). . . . . . . . . ?
2.9 EXERCISES.
COMPLETE WITH IN-ON-AT or X
1. Our first break is______________10:00 in the morning.
2. That bank is _____________Kingston Avenue.
3. We are _______classroom 4_____________ the first floor (the ground floor)
4. The meeting is ____________next Monday nine sharp.
8
5. What time are you ______________ home?
6. The party is ____________Paulas _______________Friday night.
7. The weather is warm ____________September.
8. The bank is ____________ the corner of Madison and Broadway.
9. Are all the passengers _______________ the plane?
10. We are always _______________time for class.
11. Is Oxford ______________England or ________________ the United States?
12. There is a man _________________the door.
WRITE THE CORRESPONDING QUESTIONS:
1. _____________________________________________________________?
The ticket for the concert is $30.000.
2. _____________________________________________________________?
We are sleepy because its late.
3. _____________________________________________________________?
Their puppy is two months old.
4. _____________________________________________________________?
My birthday is in July.
5. _____________________________________________________________ ?
Her office is ten blocks from here.
6. _____________________________________________________________ ?
No, Im not very worried.
7. _____________________________________________________________?
The bank is in front of the supermarket.
8 _____________________________________________________________ ?
Beckham is a football player.
9 _____________________________________________________________ ?
Its a quarter to one now.
10. _____________________________________________________________ ?
Your project is perfect.
9
TRANSLATE
1. (a) Hola Cmo estas? Ests bien?
________________________________________________________________________?
2. (a) A qu hora es tu clase?
________________________________________________________________________?
(b) Es a las 11 de la maana. Qu hora es? Oh!, Estoy atrasado.
________________________________________________________________________
3. Cuando es tu cumpleaos? Es en marzo?
________________________________________________________________________?
Si, es el 31.
________________________________________________________________________
4. Donde estn tus compaeros? Estn en el laboratorio.
________________________________________________________________________?
5. (a) A qu distancia queda el aeropuerto?
________________________________________________________________________
(b) Est como a una hora en bus.
________________________________________________________________________
6. (a) Por qu ests preocupado?
________________________________________________________________________?
(b) No estoy preocupado, estoy un poco cansado
________________________________________________________________________?
10
THE WORD DE INDICATING POSSESSION:
- When the owner is a person or an animal we use the aposthrophy
Ex. The girl`s pet; The boys` books; John and Mary `s house.
- When the owner is a thing, the word of is used.
Ex. The leg of that table is broken.
She says she will do many thing the rest of her life.
- NOUN AS AN ADJECTIVE: (not always indicating possession)
The lab teacher
The Chemistry book
A paper bag
A coffee cup
A T.V. show
A cheese sandwich
NOTE the difference:
A wine glass .............................a glass of wine
A potato sack ... ....................... a sack of potatoes.
A juice jar.................................. a jar of juice.
11
TRANSLATE
1. La reunin de alumnos es a las 7:00, verdad?
_________________________________________________________________________
2. Las pruebas de los alumnos de Mr. Collins estn muy buenas, cierto?
_________________________________________________________________________
3. Esa es la oficina del jefe de ellas.
_________________________________________________________________________
4. Mi diccionario est al lado del de Claudio.
_________________________________________________________________________
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7. His house is near here. My house is far. What about your house?
_________________________________________________________________________
8. Johns dad is an artist. Whats your dad?
_________________________________________________________________________
WRITE QUESTIONS USING WHOSE
1. ______________________________________________________________________?
That jacket is mine.
2. ______________________________________________________________________?
This is my brothers car.
3. ______________________________________________________________________?
This new computer is Peters.
4. ______________________________________________________________________?
This dictionary is yours.
5. ______________________________________________________________________?
Thats the dogs ball.
6. ______________________________________________________________________ ?
They are the teachers documents.
TRANSLATE
1. Mi casa queda cerca de aqu. Dnde est la tuya?
________________________________________________________________________
La ma queda a media hora en metro.
________________________________________________________________________
2. Hay unos apuntes debajo de la mesa. De quin son? Son tuyos?
________________________________________________________________________
No. Son de Pablo.
________________________________________________________________________
3. Por qu ests tan plido? Tienes fro?
________________________________________________________________________
No, me da miedo la oscuridad.
________________________________________________________________________
4. Este sndwich est exquisito. Como est el tuyo John?
_______________________________________________________________________
5. La casa de la esquina es sper vieja; pero es interesante, no?
_______________________________________________________________________
13
UNIT 3
3.1 PRESENT CONTINUOUS.
TO BE + ING
It is used to express an action that takes place at the moment of speaking.
Examples: We are studying English now.
The students arent watching T.V. at this moment.
This tense can also be used to express future ideas.
Ex.:
3.2 Exercises.
COMPLETE WITH THE VERB IN THE ING FORM
14
3.________________________________________________ _______________________
Im preparing a report.
4. _______________________________________________________________________
Hes watching a soccer game
5. _______________________________________________________________________
Because we lost the match
6. ______________________________________ ________________________________
Shes wearing Annies.
7._______________________________________________________________________
Hes reading the newspaper.
8. _______________________________________________________________________
He is waiting for his fiance.
LETS TALK !
GIVE A SHORT AFFIRMATIVE OR NEGATIVE ANSWER AND ADD NFORMATION USING
THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS OR THE SIMPLE PRESENT OF TO BE.
1. Are you okay?
___________________________________________________________________________
2. Is it raining?
___________________________________________________________________________
3. Are we all watching television?
____________________________________________________________________________
4. Is your best friend studying?
____________________________________________________________________________
5. Are you eating?
____________________________________________________________________________
6. Is your classmate sleeping?
____________________________________________________________________________
7. Is the sun shinning?
____________________________________________________________________________
8. Am I listening to music?
____________________________________________________________________________
9. Is the secretary talking on the phone?
____________________________________________________________________________
10. Are you going out tonight?
____________________________________________________________________________
15
TRANSLATE
1. (a) Que hacen aqu?
______________________________________________________________
(b) Estamos esperando a nuestras compaeras.
______________________________________________________________
2. (a) A donde vas?
______________________________________________________________
(b) Voy al estacionamiento.
______________________________________________________________
3. (a) Qu est comiendo tu hermano?
______________________________________________________________
(b) Est comiendo pollo con papas fritas.
______________________________________________________________
4. (a) Profesor, El ejercicio de quin esta revisando?
______________________________________________________________
(b) Estoy revisando el tuyo y est muy bueno.
______________________________________________________________
5. (a) Dnde estn tus compaeros?
______________________________________________________________
(b) Estn en la cafetera. Estn tomando caf
______________________________________________________________
6. (a) Qu est haciendo la profesora?
______________________________________________________________
(b) Est esperando a los alumnos.
______________________________________________________________
7. (a) Esos nios estn celebrando el cumpleaos de Cristin, verdad?
______________________________________________________________
(b) S, y lo estn pasando sper bien.
______________________________________________________________
8. (a) Por qu ests usando bufanda? No hace fro.
______________________________________________________________
(b) No? bueno, yo tengo fro.
______________________________________________________________
16
3.3 COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES
Paul is 91, Helen is 94Helen is older than Paul
Helen is the oldest in the family.
3.3.1 Comparatives:
- Short adjectives (one syllable) old, cheap, nice + er
Nice
Slow
Late
Big
nicer
slower
later
bigger
But.. good
better
easy
heavy
easier
heavier
bad
worse
far
farther / further
More comfortable
More expensive
Examples:
Room 310 is bigger than room 309
Is it more expensive to go by car or by train?
3.3.2 More / Less:
This car is less expensive than that car. (Both are expensive)
Carle is less nice than Paula (both are nice)
You go out more than me.
Is lunch $5.000? No, its less than that.
EMPHATIC: Much older, much bigger / much more interesting, much more exciting.
much less
3.3.3 As .As
Tennis is not as popular as football
My grandma is not as old as yours.
3.3.4 Superlatives:
- Short adjectives:
the est
The oldest, the smallest, the latest the easiest, the heaviest, the hottest, the biggest
- Long adjectives:
the most
17
3.3.5 EXERCISES:
Complete these sentences. Use than.
1. He isnt very smart. I am __________________________________________________
2. She isnt very old. Paul is__________________________________________________
3. That class is not very interesting. This class is__________________________________
4. I cant run very fast. You can run ____________________________________________
5. Tommy is 6 and Mike is 8. Tommy is _________________________________________
6. I have $2.000 and you have $5.000. You have _________________________________
18
UNIT 4
4.1 THE SIMPLE PRESENT.
Affirmative and negative forms:
S
+ aux
I
You (dont)
We
They
It
He
(doesnt)
She
(F.A.)
always
verb
complement
do
sing
watch
work
rain(s)
call(s)
attend(s)
never
usually
generally
my work
very well
television
in a restaurant
a lot in the south
them up
classes on Saturday
Interrogative :
Q.W.
Where
Why
How much
Where
Who
aux
do/does
Do
Does
Does
Do
Do
do
does
do
does
do
you
he
it
we
ever
they
you
she
always
they
their sister
they
infinitive
like
have
hurt?
have
play
spend
arrive
cost?
work?
live
complement
with?
19
4.3 Frequency adverbs, expressions and other time expressions.
always:
almost always :
very often :
often :
usually :
frequently :
generally :
sometimes :
seldom :
rarely :
hardly ever :
almost never :
never:
siempre
casi siempre
muy a menudo, muy seguido
a menudo, seguido
usualmente
frecuentemente, con frecuencia
generalmente
algunas veces, a veces
rara vez, no muy seguido
rara vez, no muy seguido
casi nunca
nunca
20
Ever. . ...? Alguna vez?
Do you ever watch television?
Does your lab teacher ever arrive late?
4.5 Exercises.
Fill in with DO or DOES.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
21
Write the corresponding question.
1. __________________________________________________________________
No, their brother doesnt work in a bank.
2. __________________________________________________________________
We have only one test a month.
3. __________________________________________________________________
The train leaves at 6:00 oclock.
4. __________________________________________________________________
No, Sasha and Melissa never eat meat.
5. __________________________________________________________________
They go to the theatre twice a year.
6. __________________________________________________________________
Samantha usually does her homework in the evening.
READING COMPREHENSION:
INTER RAIL
Do you like to travel? Inter Rail is a special trail ticket which allows you to travel
anywhere in Europe for up to 30 days, and to stop wherever you want for as long as you
want. Europe is divided into zones and the price depends on the number of zones you
are planning to visit.
You only have to be under 26, have a nice group of friends - travelling alone can be
boring and some pocket money and other items, such as a rucksack never a
suitcase-, a sleeping bag and a pair of walking boots. You need the boots because,
although you always travel by train, you do a lot of walking , visiting towns and
sightseeing and, of course, you normally walk to the railway station. You have plenty of
time to prepare for your holidays, and Inter Rail is a cool solution for young people who
want to visit different countries on a limited budget.
__
__
__
__
__
22
LETS TALK ! Answer these questions.
1. Do you like television? Whats your favourite show?
__________________________________________________________________
2. Are you watching any soap opera/ reality show at the moment?
__________________________________________________________________
3. How far do you live from here?
__________________________________________________________________
4. How many good friends do you have?
__________________________________________________________________
5. How far is the nearest subway station?
__________________________________________________________________
6. How much water do you drink daily? Do you ever do?
__________________________________________________________________
7. Where do you usually go on Saturday nights?
__________________________________________________________________
8. How often does it snow in Santiago?
__________________________________________________________________
9. Do you like movies?
__________________________________________________________________
10. What movies do you like?
__________________________________________________________________
11. How often do you go to the movies?
__________________________________________________________________
12 Do your teachers give you much homework?
__________________________________________________________________
13 Do you read? Do you ever read the newspaper?
__________________________________________________________________
14.. Do you want to go home right now?
__________________________________________________________________
15. Where does your best friend live?
__________________________________________________________________
16. Do you like football (soccer) ? Whats your team?
__________________________________________________________________
17. Do you study everyday? How many hours?
__________________________________________________________________
23
18. What sports do you like?
__________________________________________________________________
19. Do you play any sports on weekends?
__________________________________________________________________
20. What time do you get up on weekends?
__________________________________________________________________
21. Do you have any brothers or sisters? Any pets?
__________________________________________________________________
22. When do you get up earlier, on weekdays or on weekends?
__________________________________________________________________
23. Do you have a favourite singer / group ?
__________________________________________________________________
24. Do you like to get up early?
__________________________________________________________________
25. Why do you want to learn English?
__________________________________________________________________
24
UNIT 5
5.1 IMPERATIVES.
Requests, commands, orders, instructions, invitations, suggestions, good wishes.
Infinitive, will you?
Dont + infinitive.
Invitations, suggestions:
Lets + infinitive.
SHALL I?
Shall I answer the phone?
Shall I wait for you?
SHALL WE?
Shall we start?
Shall we go now?
5.2 COMPLEMENT / OBJECT PRONOUNS. They are always used after a verb or a
preposition.
me : me, m.
you : te, t, le, usted.
him : le, el.
her : le, ella
it :
lo, el, la.
us : nos, nosotros.
you : les, ustedes, las, los.
them : les, ellos.
Examples:
Im looking at her.
Listen to me, please.
My friend is visiting us tonight.
Come with me.
25
5.3 Exercises.
Replace the underlined word by the corresponding complement pronoun:
1. Carla and Gina are speaking. The teacher is listening to Carla and Gina.
__________________________________________________________________
2. Our teacher is explaining the lesson and were listening to the teacher.
__________________________________________________________________
3. Are they staying with you and your family?
__________________________________________________________________
4. The whiteboard is on the wall. Bill is standing in front of the whiteboard.
__________________________________________________________________
5. These pictures are wonderful. Show these pictures to your friends
__________________________________________________________________
6. Your homework is excellent. Why are you doing your homework again?
__________________________________________________________________
7. Is this delicious pizza for you and me?
__________________________________________________________________
8. Jack isnt here. Are you waiting for Jack?
__________________________________________________________________
TRANSLATE:
1. Imprmanlo. _________________________________________________________
2. No me grites. ________________________________________________________
4. Aprense, quieren? __________________________________________________
5. Ten mas cuidado _____________________________________________________
6. No me llames tarde. ___________________________________________________
7. Habla ms lento por favor. ______________________________________________
8. Lleguen temprano, ya? ________________________________________________
9. Djame hacerlo ______________________________________________________
10. Salgamos hoy? ______________________________________________________
11. Psenlo bien ________________________________________________________
26
Suggest something using an imperative.
DIRECTIONS:
To give directions we use the imperatives:
27
UNIT 6
6.1 SIMPLE PAST
Interrogative:
Affirmative:
Negative:
QW) + did +
s
s
s
+
+
+
infinitive
+ c?
verb in past
+ c.
did not + infinitive + c.
Examples:
Did you have lunch?
Yes, I did. I had lunch at two oclock.
Where did you go last night?
We went to the movies.
Did she call her mother last weekend?
No, she didnt.
Sarah and Tom left home early today, didnt they?
Remember that verb BE does not use auxiliaries but its own conjugated forms
I was
He was
She was
It was
We were
You were
They were
Was
(not)
Were
I?
he?
she?
it?
You?
We?
They?
Examples:
A: Were you at the lecture?
B: Yes, I was. Where were you?
A: I wasnt there because I was very busy?
Examples:
a week ago = hace una semana.
Long time ago = largo tiempo atrs.
months ago = hace meses, meses atrs.
28
6.3 Exercises:
Transform into interrogative and negative:
1. She studied a lot for that test.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
2. He wrote that wonderful book.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
3. He was a good writer.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
4. I did my homework better this time.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
5. The boys played a very good match
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
29
Translate:
1. (a) Qu te pas la clase pasada? No te vi.
__________________________________________________________________________
(b) No vine porque tuve mucho que hacer. Era muy tarde cuando termin mi trabajo.
Hicieron muchos ejercicios?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
(a) S, hicimos hartos. Los quieres?
__________________________________________________________________________
(b) S, por favor. Prstame tu cuaderno hasta el martes, ya?
__________________________________________________________________________
2. (a) No estuviste el domingo en tu casa, verdad?
__________________________________________________________________________
(b) No, fuimos fuera de Santiago con unos amigos. Lo pasamos muy bien. El tiempo estuvo
muy bueno. Y tu, Qu hiciste?
__________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
(a) Fui al cine con una amiga pero a ella no le gust mucho la pelcula. Me fu a la casa
temprano y vi televisin.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
Lets talk !
1. Where were you born?....and When?
__________________________________________________________________________
2. What time did you get up today?
_________________________________________________________________________
3. When did you have your first party?
________________________________________________________________________
4. What did you do on summer vacation? Did you read any book (s) on vacation?
_________________________________________________________________________
5. What did you do yesterday after class?
_________________________________________________________________________
6. Were you a good student at school? Did you study hard?
_________________________________________________________________________
30
Write five lines telling us about your last vacation, weekend, trip or any other past event.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
6.4
6.5 Exercises
Answer the following questions:
_________________________________________________________________
2. Which TV show used to be your favorite? Explain.
_________________________________________________________________
3. What did people use to do when there was no TV.
_________________________________________________________________
4. Some people say Life used to be better. Do you agree?
_________________________________________________________________
5. What did children used to do when there were no computer games ?
_________________________________________________________________
31
6.6 THE PAST CONTINUOUS
.
They
She
We
ING
studying
cooking
watching
C
hard
meat.
television at 10:00.
Question:
What
Were
was
you
he
sleeping?
doing?
6.7 Exercises.
Ask the corresponding questions.
1. ________________________________________________________________________
They were doing research for a long time.
2. _______________________________________________________________________
We were waiting there for an hour or more.
3. _______________________________________________________________________
The Joneses were living abroad in 2006.
4. _______________________________________________________________________
He was getting his Ph.D in Paris at that time.
5. _______________________________________________________________________
We were having lunch when you called.
6. _______________________________________________________________________
He was sleeping at that hour because he was really tired.
7. _______________________________________________________________________
We were talking about a problem we had time ago.
8. ______________________________________________________________________
Peter was telling me why he didnt come last class.
32
5. I ___________ planning to have a party next Saturday. ______ you want to come?
6. It ________hot in here. _________ I open the window?
7. When _________you born?
8. What _________________your favourite music?
9. _____________I right? Sorry, I___________ not think so.
10. I ______________not know about the test. Look! The teacher ________coming
there. ________ask her.
11. What ______________she study?
12. Where __________ your brother work?
13. When _______________you last go to the beach?
14. ________________you call me last night? I _______________at home.
15. (a) Please, be quiet. I _______ trying to do this homework and it is hard. By the way,
where ______ the dictionary?
(b) It ________ here a while ago, but Jane _______ using it now.
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UNIT 7
7.1 THERE BE:
HAY
Water, oil, beer, sugar, fish, chicken, music, information, bread, advice, furniture, news,
permission, traffic, trouble, work, homework, progress, hair, fish, fruit, paper, etc.
There is (isnt)
There are (arent)
=
=
suficiente
varios
algunos, algo de
Any
* NOTE: Please note that the words people (gente), vegetables (verdura), and clothes (ropa) are
plurals in English.
Not any = ningn, ninguna, nada de.
Much (mucho, mucha) and little (/poco, poca) with uncountable nouns.
Ex.: There isnt much time. Theres little milk in the fridge.
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Ex.: Theres a lot of pollution in Santiago. There are a lot of cars.
HOW MUCH......?
HOW MANY......?
Cunto, cunta....?
Cuntos, cuntas?
7.2 EXERCISES:
Fill in with:
MUCH or MANY
1. ___________ people
2. ___________ beer
3. ___________ students
4. ___________ pens
5. ___________ information
6. ___________ furniture
7. ___________ news
8. ___________ questions
9. ___________ clothes
10. ___________ newspapers
FEW or LITTLE
1. ___________ coffee
2. ___________ bananas
3. ___________ transportation
4. ___________ time
5. ___________ visitors
6. ___________ money
7. ___________ doubts
8. ___________ buses
9. ___________ homework
10. ___________ oranges.
Example:
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Make the corresponding question:
1. There is only one million pesos for that.
____________________________________________________________________
2. There are around three bottles of milk
____________________________________________________________________
3. There are many students in class today.
____________________________________________________________________
4. There is a kilo of meat in the refrigerator.
____________________________________________________________________
5. There is no butter.
____________________________________________________________________
TRANSLATE:
1. No tengo tiempo. Hay demasiadas cosas que hacer para la prxima semana.
_________________________________________________________________________
2. Hay slo una prueba. No tenemos que estudiar mucho.
______________________________________________________________________
3. a) Cuntas personas hay en la sala?
______________________________________________________________________
b) Hay muy pocas. Hay clases?
______________________________________________________________________
4. Hubo mucha gente en la conferencia el viernes pasado. Haba como 40 personas
______________________________________________________________________
5. 8. Siempre hay muchos accidentes en feriados largos
____________________________________________________________________
6. Quiero hacer un tutti fruti. Cunta fruta hay? Creo que no hay mucha.
____________________________________________________________________
7. Haba una luz muy rara en el cielo ayer. Era un OVNI, estoy segura!.
_________________________________________________________________
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UNIT 8
FUTURE TENSE
8.1 Present Continuos for the future
.S + BE + ING + Complement
They are going to a concert on Friday.
Peter is travelling next month.
We are meeting Bill this evening?
We arent going out of town next Sunday.
You say Im doing something tomorrow when you have planned to do something.
Example: Ellen is seeing her doctor on Friday. (She has an appointment with her doctor)
8.2 Be going to
S + BE + GOING TO + INFINITIVE + COMPLEMENT
I am going to come next week.
He is (not) going to have classes tomorrow.
We are going to graduate in three years from now.
You say Im going to do something tomorrow when you have decided to do something,
your intention is to do something.
Examples:
Tom and his family are going to move out next month.
He is going to travel next month, isnt he?
They are going to come back soon, arent they?
What are you going to do when you graduate?
8.3 Will
S + WILL (NOT) + INFINITIVE + Comp.
My sister will (ll) visit me tonight.
Those students will probably be absent next class.
She will not (wont) finish this for tomorrow.
Examples:
I think, well be back before noon.
The girls will probably stay up all night.
The phone is ringing, Ill get it!
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8.4 Expressions of time.
Tomorrow ; The day after tomorrow.
Next month, next year, next summer, etc.; the month after next.
Within a week, within a month from now; in two years (within two years) from now...
In 2025
Soon.
8.5 Exercises
Answer the following questions using the Present Continuous (planned) with future
meaning.
1. What time are you coming back?
____________________________________________________________________
2. When are her friends arriving?
_____________________________________________________________________
3. How are they travelling to Brazil?
_____________________________________________________________________
4. What are you doing this evening?
______________________________________________________________________
5. What are you bringing to the party?
____________________________________________________________________________
Translate:
1. a) Le puedes dar un recado a Paula?
____________________________________________________________________
b) Seguro. Probablemente la vea en la reunin del mircoles. Ah le digo.
__________________________________________________________________
2. Mi hermano se va a graduar en a fin de ao y va a trabajar en el sur.
____________________________________________________________________
3. Voy a empezar el informe esta noche y as voy a estar mas tranquilo.
____________________________________________________________________
4. A qu hora se juntan el lunes? Estamos empezando a las 9:00.
____________________________________________________________________
5. a) Por qu tendremos clases el sbado?
____________________________________________________________________
b) Quin te dijo eso? Nunca tenemos clases los sbados.
____________________________________________________________________
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a) Estuve hablando con Pablo hace un rato y l me dijo eso.
____________________________________________________________________________
b) Y todava le crees? No le creas porque siempre anda bromeando.
____________________________________________________________________________
8.6
INF.
Were (not)
The past form of going to indicates that an action was planned or intended, but that it did not
happen.
Examples:
- I was going to call you last night, but I forgot to.
- They said (that) we were going to have classes in the morning.
- I never thought (that) it was going to be so difficult.
Translate:
1. No sabia que ibas a venir. !Que bueno verte!
_________________________________________________________________
2. Ibamos a comprar otro auto pero decidimos que no.
_________________________________________________________________
3. No tenia idea que iban a venir maana. Voy a preparar algo rico.
_________________________________________________________________
4. Dijeron que no iba llover mucho este invierno
_________________________________________________________________
8.7 WOULD: It is the ending ia that we add to verbs: iria, comeria, gustaria etc.
Examples: We would like to have more time for that project.
Would you go with me?
What would you do in my case?
Would can be used to talk about past habits (used to):
When we were children, my brothers and I would go out with our parents vry often.
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8.7 Other, another, the others, etc.
These pronouns (or adjectives) are used to refer to additional things or people. They may be
divided into singular and plural.
Singular
a) another = (otro, otra) + singular noun. (Adjective or pronoun)
Example : Could you bring me another soda?
This is not a good movie. I prefer to see another.
b) the other = (el otro, la otra) + a singular noun. The remaining one.
We can also say :
this
that
my
any
some
no.
OTHER
Plural
a) other = (otros, otras) + a plural noun.(Adjective)
Example: Some students live very near here. Other students live far but they could
come on foot, but others live very far.
b) others = (otros, otras) Pronoun (without mentioning the noun).
c) the other = (los otros, las otras) + a plural noun. (Adjective)
Example: I dont like these CDs. The other Cds ( or the others) you bought are
better.
As in the singular the other, we can say these other, those other, some other, any
other etc.+ a plural noun.
d) the others = ( los otros, las otras) Pronoun. The remaining ones. (some others, any
others, no others etc.)
8.7 Exercises
Fill with the different forms of OTHER
1. Waiter, bring me _______________piece of cake.
2. They say that life there is easier than in ________________countries.
3. Ive brought two magazines. Ill read one. Would you like to see _____________?
4. Some of them are in the room. What about _________________?
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5. They have two kids. One is a boy and i__________________s a girl.
6. How many __________________choices were there?
7. There wasnt _____________________ route to get there.
8. The twins look so alike that you cant tell one from _______________________.
9. Only six of those are yours. _______________________ are mine.
10. The post office is on _______________________side of the street.
TRANSLATE
1. a) No tengo tiempo para conversar hoy. Te llamo otro da.
____________________________________________________________________________
b) Mary se llev los dems. Dijo que te los iba a devolver tan pronto termine su trabajo.
____________________________________________________________________________
2. a) Quiero ver otra pelcula. Esta no tiene mucha accin. Veamos la otra.
____________________________________________________________________________
b) Cuando te pregunt el otro da, dijiste que te encantara ver esta. No te entiendo.
____________________________________________________________________________
a) Si? Probablemente estaba pensando en otra.
____________________________________________________________________________
3. No me gusta este tema para investigar. Le voy a preguntar al profesor si tiene otro para mi.
____________________________________________________________________________
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