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Neelam Phougat
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Neelam Phougat
Scientist C (I/C), Central Soil and Materials Research Station, New Delhi-16, Email: neelam@nic.in
Pankaj Sharma
Scientist C (I/C), Central Soil and Materials Research Station, New Delhi-16, Email: pan2256@gmail.com
Murari Ratnam
Director, Central Soil and Materials Research Station, New Delhi-16, Email: director-csmrs@nic.in
ABSTRACT: Dispersive soils are not suitable as foundation or fill material in the construction of hydraulic earth structures.
Predominance of dissolved Na+ instead of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in the pore water makes such clayey soils more susceptible to
erosion. When such soil mass is in contact even with still water the individual soil particles tend to get dispersed in it. This
happens because the repulsive forces developed between individual clay particles exceed weak Vander Waals forces of
attraction. Therefore it is mandatory to stabilize such soils either mechanically or chemically before using for any
construction purpose. Chemically these soils can be stabilized by addition of chemicals like lime, flyash, alum, molasses,
cement, bitumen or polymers etc. Polymers show remarkable soil stabilization effect because of formation of bond between
clay mineral and polar end groups of polymer. In the present study the dispersive soil obtained from Dundiya Dam, Udaipur,
Rajasthan, India has been stabilized using different polymers. The degree of improvement in the engineering properties of
such soil has been discussed in this paper.
KEYWORDS: Dispersive; Soil stabilization; Epoxy resin; Polyyrethene
INTRODUCTION
In the past, clay soils were considered to be highly resistant
to erosion by flowing water, however, in the last few years
we recognize that highly erodible clay soils exist in nature.
Some natural clay soils disperse or deflocculates in the
presence of relatively pure water and are, therefore, highly
susceptible to erosion and piping. The tendency for
dispersive erosion in a given soil depends on variables such
as mineralogy and chemistry of the clay, as well as
dissolved salts in the water in soil pores and in the eroding
water (Sherard and Decker, 1977). Such clays are eroded
rapidly by slow-moving water, even when compared to
cohesionless fine sands and silts. When dispersive clay soil
is immersed in water, the clay fraction behaves like singlegrained particles; that is, the clay particles have a minimum
of electrochemical attraction and fail to closely adhere to, or
bond with, other soil particles. Thus, dispersive clay soil
erodes in the presence of flowing water when individual
clay platelets are split off and carried away. Such erosion
may start in a drying crack, settlement crack, hydraulic
fracture crack, or other channel of high penneability in a soil
mass. Dispersive soils are clayey silty soils which are highly
susceptible to erosion. The dispersion occurs when the
repulsive forces between individual clay particles exceed the
attractive forces (Vander Waals attraction) so that when the
clay mass is even in contact with still water individual clay
particles are progressively detached from the surface & go
into suspension. The principal difference between dispersive
clays and ordinary erosion resistant clays appears to be the
nature of the cations in the pore water of the clay mass.
Dispersive clays have a preponderance of sodium cations,
whereas ordinary clays have a preponderance of calcium,
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REFERENCES
Percent by weight
Untreated soil
0.5% PVA
1.0% PVA
0.5 % UFR
1.0 % UFR
0.5 % ER
1.0% ER
0.5 % PU
1.0 % PU
0.5 % SBR
1.0% SBR
CONCLUSION
From the above result it is clear that on adding polymer
aggregate size of soil is increasing thus the polymer used
for above study are effective in binding soil particles.
Lowering of LL, PL and PI indicate that on wetting of soil
by rain water it will soften to a lesser extent thus making it
more suitable for construction of road or lining of dam.
0.002
mm
&
Less
0.002
to
0.075
mm
0.075
to
0.425
mm
0.425
to
2.0
mm
2.0
to
4.75
mm
6.2
14.1
8.8
9.7
11.8
8.6
5.1
12.6
10.5
5.7
7.5
56.2
44.2
48.1
46.9
41.1
47.5
47.2
44.5
44.8
38.4
39.9
26.2
27.7
27.1
26.0
31.9
26.2
24.8
31.1
32.2
36.4
37.6
9.1
10.9
12.1
14.4
11.6
15.4
17.4
8.4
8.5
14.8
10.3
2.3
3.1
3.9
3.0
3.6
2.3
5.5
3.8
4.0
4.7
4.7