Lopez1

Jaqueline Lopez
ENG 487- 02
Professor Fantuzzi
March 3, 2015

"Knots on a Counting Rope"

by Bill Martin Jr. and John Archambault
". . . You have trained her well, Boy. Rainbow is smart, Grandfather. Like you. She is good at
remembering. Rainbow is my eyes, Grandfather. She takes me to the sheep, wherever they are,
and when I am ready, she finds the way home. No one thought you could teach her to race, Boy. .
. but I did, Grandfather! Every day, day after day, we followed you along the trail. . . and you let
me hold the reins. You traced the trails in your mind, Boy, both you and the Rainbow. Yes,
Grandfather, we learned the trails by heart. . . up South Mountain to Granite Rock. . . down the
steep shortcut to Meadow-of-Blue-Flowers. . . then straight across the Red Flats to LightningSplit-Tree. . .then down the Switchbacks to the canyon trail. . . and around to the finish line. I
learned from the Rainbow when to turn by the pull of her neck and by counting her gallops. Now
tell me again about the race, Grandfather." (171 words)

Lopez2

Grapheme-Phoneme Chart for Project #1

Consonants
Symbol
p
b
t

Examples (Basic spelling)

pull
Boy, but, both, by, blue, Bill
Trained, takes, to, thought, teach,
trail, tree, turn, tell
d
Did, day, down
k
knots
g
Grandfather, good, granite, gallops
m
My, me, mind, mountains, meadow,
Martin
n
No , neck, now
ng //
Counting, remembering, along,
lightning
f
Finds, flowers, flats, finish, from
v
Every
s
Smart, she, south, steep, straight ,
split
z
(zoo)
h
Have, her, home, hold, heart,
sh //
Sheep, shortcut,
zh //
(treasure, precious)
w
Well, wherever, when, way, we
y
You, your, yes
l
Like, let, learned, line
r
Rainbow, ready, race, reins, rock, red,
rope
ch /t/
Teach
j /d/
John, Jr.
th/ / bath
(something)
th // bathe The, they, then

Alternate Spellings
(shopped)
Rainbow,
(checked)
Followed, traced, learned
Could, across, canyon, Archambault
again
am
And, in

after
of
Eyes,
is
(who)
switchbacks
One, meadow
(usual)
Gallops
Are, around, Archambault
(action)
(age)
Grandfather,

Lopez3

Vowels
Symbol
Short vowels
i /I/
bit
e //
bet
a //

bat

o //
hot
u //
but

about, sofa
// book
aw // dawn
Long vowels
a_e /ey/ cane

Examples (basic spelling)

Alternate Spellings

Is, did, switchback, split, finish

Well, wherever, when, ready, let,
reins, yes, then, red, neck, tell
Grandfather, and, am, after, along,
traced, Granite, canyon, flats,
gallops
No, followed, Rock, on
But, up, pull
Around, across, again, about,
good
(saw)

mountain
Every, meadow

Take, race

Trained, rainbow, they, way, day,

trail, straight
She, me, teach, we
My, eyes, I, finds, mind, lightning,
by
Rainbow, hold, both
You, to, blue
(foil)
South, mountain

ee /iy/ beet
i_e /ay/ bite

Sheep, steep, tree

Like, line

o_e /ow/ cone

/u/ boot
oy /y/ boy
ow /aw/ gown
r-colored vowels
/ar/
far
/r/
fur
/er/
fair
/ir /
fear
/or /
for
/ur/
poor

home
(moon)
Boy,
Down, now
Smart, are
turn
(hair)
(dear)
(for, or)

Have, thought, switchback, flowers,

counting
(father)
One, shortcut, (come)
The, one, of, gallops
Could
shortcut

heart
Her, learned
(there)
(fiery)
your
(bore)

Lopez4

Consonant blend: are two or three letters that make one distinct consonant sound such as
"bl," "sm," and "tr."
ex. smart, trained, they, split, switchbacks, steep, flats
Consonant diagraphs: are two letters that make only one sound such as "ph," "th," and
"sh."
ex. thought, sheep, wherever, grandfather, she, both
Vowel diagraphs: consists of long vowels, short vowels and diphthongs.
The long vowels consists of the "oo" sound.
ex. (moon)
The short vowels consists of the "oo" sound.
ex. good
Diphthongs are words that have the "oy/oi," "ow/ou," and the "igh/ie" sounds.
ex. boy
Sight words: commonly known words in the English language.
ex. of, the, one, her, is
R-controlled vowels: words that have an "r" that is more dominant that the vowels.
ex. heart, her, learned, turn, are
Compounds: two words but in one.
ex. Grandfather, Rainbow, Switchbacks, shortcut
Vowel teams: vowels spelled with two or more letters.
ex. ready, teach, day, trail, reins, learned, straight, meadow
Silent letters: letters that are silent in a word.
ex. knots, John