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Sara Elva Espinosa-Padilla
Francisco Espinosa
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ABSTRACT
Primary immunodeficiencies are rare immunologic diseases whose main characteristics are recurrent infections. These diseases are
frequently unsuspected and the delayed diagnosis makes complications irreversible with the consequent poor quality of life. In Mexico,
primary immunodeficiencies have a low prevalence, which is secondary to under-diagnosis and the lack of specialized laboratory
studies in most hospitals. Since there is a registration of primary immunodeficiency cases in Europe and other developed countries,
it is possible to estimate the incidence of primary immunodeficiencies and to elaborate guidelines of diagnosis and treatment. In our
country we do not have any epidemiological registry; however, from 1998 to 2004 the number of cases of primary immunodeficiency
has increased; the minimal incidence calculated is 0.16 to 0.24 per 100,000 births for chronic granulomatous disease, severe combined
immunodeficiency and X linked agammaglobulinemia, this data is still very low compared to other international registries. We present
an epidemiological review of primary immunodeficiency prevalence in Mexico compared to some international reports.
Key words: epidemiology, primary immunodeficiencies, Mexico.
*
**
159
Coria-Ramrez E y col.
160
161
Coria-Ramrez E y col.
Cuadro 1. Distribucin y comparacin de proporciones de las inmunodeficiencias primarias entre el primero (ocho pases) y el segundo
reportes (12 pases) del Grupo Latinoamericano de Inmunodeficiencias Primarias (LAGID)
Tipo de inmunodeficiencia primaria
1er reporte
N
1,428
%
2 reporte
N
3,321
%
p*
828
257
71
114
129
29
58
18
5
8
9
2
1767
751
315
110
286
93
53.2
22.6
9.5
3.3
8.6
2.8
0.002
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
0.637
0.124
Anticuerpos
Sndromes bien definidos
Combinadas
Desregulacin inmunitaria
Fagocitarias
Complemento
Nm de casos
* Ji al cuadrado.
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
na
nti
e
Arg
sil
ile
ico guay guay
ica
bia
Ch Mx
lom sta R
ra Uru
o
Co
Pa
C
Bra
1998
2004
Nm de casos
Figura 1. Comparacin del nmero de casos de inmunodeficiencias primarias entre ocho pases participantes en el primer
y segundo reporte de LAGID.
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Deficiencia IDCS
de Ac
EGC
1998
CONCLUSIONES
SWA Neutropenia AT
severa
2007
162
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
163