The Japan Society

ifiieJapaASociety

of Mechanical Engineers
Engineers

ofMechanical

JSMemSME intematimatCicntetenee
on Matetiats
and ihocessing
Octobert5t8, 20aZ Honolttht

'
t,,tt/.

//

t.

229 Experimental evaluation

,.,

in single

behavior

ofifragmentation

fibercomposite

carbon

-.

i-'

t/.

Shnji Ogihara',.Akira
Mochizukif,Miyuki,Mabsumoto*,,YiisuoKbgo'"
..
.,.
NobuoCEakedake".
,, .tZ]?patpmentofM/eabani2alJE)lgineering.
fhk,yothiivemityofsuence,'

2641 IamasakCIVwh thiha.9rs651aJlapm qgibara@tsnode.tuaaojb

.,

".M. JT)[n:ivatsdyofStrlencq!'fzaeUhiveisit7of7bkyo

Abstract:Efli:cts
of fibersurface

and

axidizabon

distribution
behaviorin single
apd fragmentation
experimentally

discussed.

Based on the above

'

experimental

sizing

carbon

treatment on

fiberepo)ry

and

/.

both fiborstrength

composites

are

investigated

data,the fiberhnatrix
interfada1
propertiesare

7hs4Clanbcui
IEIfberbuydmlxxsites IrberStut2iceS[}eatment
lv vadrrls:IE}ug:S,entatibn
/1

' '

fucturesoo6ur and the'fiberbreaksaturates at

high composite strain,' fl[heinterfacial
shear
Itiswelikri(wntihateifectsofthepropertiesof
etress is evaluated
frvm tin6 average fiber
the fiberimatrix
interface'
on the medhanical
fragtnentlengthwhen the fiberbTeak saturates.
fiber
reinforced oomposites
is very
Howevez tihefragm6htation
test has two majcxr
properties of
significant.
In order-to devel(rp
highperformanbe'
Problems.One oftliem isthattlie strain which
'to
composite
materials, .it is very importariti
the interfacial
shear stress isevaluated
is much
'between
understand
the interface higherthan the fracturegtarainof the common
the relation
1. INTRODUCr[PION

prepertiesandcompositemacroscaleproperties.A

unidirectinnal

used
fragmentation
testis'often
as a evaldation'
method
of the fibeulmatrixinterface
properties-of

fiberreinibreed'composite

materials

fragmentation.tesg-single
materials

are

{lireedon.

fiber

loadedin tensionin fiber

clireodon,

stress.

is used

to evaluate the interfacial

Tlie statistical fiber gtrength

distributionshouldbetakenintoaocount.

composite

During the fragmentationtest, fibermultiple

1[he other 'isthht only the averago

iibefgtrength

shear
[1'31.In'the

niaterial in fiber

composite

Curtinpresented an atialysiS
whi{ih

can

predict

the relation between the fiberbreak densityand

523 NII-Electronic Library Service

The JapanSociety
The
Japan Society

of Mechanical Engineers
Engineers

ofMechanical

'i

,,.

's

..'

i'.

during the fragmentation ratio as matrix resin. [[[he

resin
is cured at 500C
'fiber
-statistidal
test considering
the
strengtih
ft)ri
6o miriand post cured at loo"c
min
'mm
[listribution
[2].T[heinterfacial'shear'stress
is
Sbedneri side is72
long,16 mm wide and 1
the

composite

strain

fol':so

to be constant.

assumed

Ih.the present

Figure 1 sbows the specirnen

corifigufalion''used
in the fraginentati6h'test.
tihiclc.

mm

both'evaluations
of

studs;'

'using

distril)ution
and fiber

fiberstrength

Fragrnentationtests are perfbrmed

fragmentation
behaviorduringthefragrnentation loadingdeviceput on the stage of an
statistical

By dsingCunih's analysis,

test are conducted.

the interfacial
shear

is evaldated.

streSS

[[[he

fibersurface treatment on the fiber

strengtih
distubution
and the interfacial
shear
stress.is discussed.
of

efil)ct

are used
antl

without

fibers,
UM46

surface

oxidization

c"tidization and

lat'every
O.1 %'composite

strain.

[[Ehe
fibet
bteak'density
is defuied
as the nuniber

thefiber
breaks per unit

of

gpecimen

length.
'

IM600,

and

aridlbr

treatmients,UMo

sizing

treatment and UMos

Figure1 Specimen used in fragmentation test

UM46

only

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

gizing

both axidization

with

[[Ehe
same

sizing-treatment

sizing

fiber without

carbon

with only.oxidization treatment UMs

and

-istrueforthe IM,

IMo, IMs,and IMos forthe IM600

carbon

T[hefiber
strength djstribution
chtainedby the ,

fibers.

/-fensiontests are performedon the 8

earbon,fibers

to

kindsof
the'fiberstrengtin

evaluate

distribution.
Tlie gage length is 25mtn.
Instron'tbrpetensile teshng machine
is
T[hec rosshead

composite'

fiberbreaks is

for both. In the following,

used

denotes UM46

i/,/For

of

in tihepresentstudy- Bbthfiberswith

treatmentare
UM

carbon

measzired

nimber

optical

'

2.EXPERIMENTrALPROCEDURE
INwokind of

The

midmpe.

Weibulldigtribution
Ngures 2

Bisphenol'Ampe epoxy

resin

Epoxy Resin Inc.) and

harclenerare
CZE[i:A)1as

3.show tihe

An
used.

(dlIMosl.
Weibul1parameters(shapeparameter

fragmentationtests,,singlecarbon
tire

and

to be

WeibullplQbs
obtained
for UM46 and,IM6oo
carbon fibers,
respectiyely (Fig.2
UM, (tD
UMo,
(al
IMo,<cl
(el
,UMs, (dlUMos, Fig,3(alIM, (b)
IMs,

speed is lmmlniin.

epeciMens-

tensile teston the carbon fibersis assumed

fiber

fabricated.

Japan
(Epikote828;

scale

are/ksted

parameter di obtained from tineresults

in [fable1. Itis seen thattheeffbct of

the,fiber,surfaceoxidization

andthe

triethylenetetrairiinetreatments,ori the fiberstrength

dsed in '100:11weight
small.

,.,..

t,.,

sizipg

distribthtion
is.
/.,
./,

524 NII-Electronic Library Service

The Japan Society of Mechanical

fheJapanSoclety
ofMechamcalEngineers

Engineers

kO
..
,,
--'Ei-1=S23

....A.

f" om':"'v

.f.'

'1s"

....

`..

iE

'.

s-f

-2--3

'S.s

-4

1.2- 1.4
in(a)L6

1.8

O.8

1.2I L4

(al
UMt
2f --

m; tm

.--.

tt

-T-

2--'T'M

:-

"tijs

"

'A.

1.

SR Opt-NE-1eE-2-3

:oc
-3.t.`

":2-

1.8

UMo
..].

.Ul

1.6

ln(a)fo)

.
.'.

sx-A.
--v,

-3'%.8

1L2

1.4

'

1,6

L8

-gb.s

-1,4 L6

L2

ln(a)

ln(a)'

@ UMs

-<dlUMos

1.82

Ngure2Wbibul1 plotof fiberstrength distribution

(UM4et
n TrTr-nr'
-

2-T

T'r

'-1-L- '=

:t

'-r'-urT

Tr7-r

'2

-.-.

'

;-/

AAomANa

-1c

2t
.3
-4

i'
1

t,

'

1.1 1.2 L3

fr}-Sl{-1=
tre/

!i?

''

--

f"o

L4

L5 1.6 1,7 L8

[-1
'
L9

,R2!34

-El

Eg

.,yy.
..

1.1 1.21.3

'1.4 1.5 L6 'L7 L8

1.9

ln(a)

ln(a)(al
IM

fo)IMo

525 NII-Electronic Library Service

The Japan
The
Japan Society
Society

of Mechanical Engineers
Engineers

ofMechanical

2:' "'r

,'

''r" 'T''--1-"r' '"""'i

-T"

-TM

T'-

ao

sti'il
;g.t,,'"
t
A
'

-2

.--

-3L1

lt

-i

:t-2

-..ti:-l-----i
--,

...

-3

./

--l''''1''
,'''''1i'''"'''"''"'
ll.
'S.1-7,TitsL3-t.44Ls'tt6Tih.7-ii.sT`1.9

.4 L- ,..---.L 7....,2u."-.-T;r--th---1

1:1 1.2 1.3 L4

1.5 L6

1,8 1.9

,1.7

....,if!-

,.:

9.

..

.i

ln(a)(el

ln(a)

IMos
(dl

ms
Figure3Weibull

F-gures4 and 5 show

a

plotof fiberstrength

tihefiberbreakdensity
as

function af the appbed

III..iil/
I[

,i,[

1
'"'

'

cornpesibe

distribution
(IM60ot

4. CONCLUSION

chtained
by the fragmentationtest of UM46

strain

Tbnsile
tests {m two kindsof carbon fiberswith
IM600, rpepectively
aFlig.4
(alUM, (tD.UMo, (cl fourdifferent
fibqr
treatments(with
fibq;.durface
UMs, (dlUMos,
fig.5.(alIM, aD IMo, (clIMs,
an oxidization
andlor
gizing
treatmentl are
IMdg).It is seen tihatthefiberbegmentation
theeflbct of the treatments
performodto evaluate
behqvior
is dilferent
fortihecarbon fibers
witli
on the statistical fiberst rength
distribution. Itis
and

found thattlieeffects ofthefibertreatmentson

differentfibersurfacetreatments./
,
Prediedons of the relation between the fiber
break densityand the composite
Curdn'sanalysis

are also sbown

strain

using

shear

distributionis

stress

results.

used.

with

fiber

from the prooeduresare listed'in

Thl)le
1. The
intenhcialshear stress ishigherinthe specirnen

fibercomposites

fibersand

epoxy

alseconducbed. Tlheexperimentally'chtained
compared

are

fiber

with Curtih's

the interfacial
slieargtress.is
evaluated. Itis foundthat tihe
interfadal
shear
st ress ishigher
fortheearbon flbetswith surface
analysis

IEhe interfacial
tiheatstresses dbtained

sizing

the 8 kinds of carbon

TEhe interfaaial fragmentbehavioris

isdeterminedto fittiheexperimental

with gxidationaqd

issmall.

Flragmentation
tests forsingle

in the figures.
In

the pfediction,
the experirnentally'chtainecl
strength

the

the fiberstrength

oxidization

and

and

gizing

treatment.

treatTngnts.,

526 NII-Electronic Library Service

The JapanSoclety
1fule
Japan Society

of Mechanical Engineers

ofMechamcalEngineers

.iB25r

mr'1-L--T----25dA.He2o.b.:

--'T-'
'TTm

r--ILhrmTt-Ur--T

g.,2ot
gi5f

15vo

g,,[olk'A

ts102Ap5oA.Hk
/:)

,5[O

dii':,L
'
btt

c
,

L-"

1ltx/v/

Strain(%)
.t,

.4

UM
(al

Strain(%)

UMo
fo),

25,A-fie2o.pta.:15v

25AvH
o

vvy20b.es"15.ptvMes

ee10flAN5pt

//l

ti

10:pts
5P.ho

Strain(%)

-5---

ro

--

-T

UMs
(c)

'5

(dl
UMos

Eigure4Iliber
breakdensityas

function
of applied
tt/

strain

(UM46)

tt
'

30'v
r

'

---T-T-T

.'A'g2st.G.)2o[co1:/.,Os

, 30"lg

25
ts.V.
20+:

15f

:ioF"

i5l
lll
t"'

:lkg,i

t.t. tttt

':oL

co

Strain(%)

'

(alIM

3Strainfo)

IMo(Iva),,56

.- 527 NII-Electronic Library Service

The JapanSociety
The
Japan Society

of Mechanical Engineers
Engineers

ofMechanical

3o

30

-t

ilC1

g25

.8.,.i

.g20[
c
v15

G'io
D
N
o5

P.
la

ot

ttt

t"5'6

'fe)IMs

(dlIMos

''

Figure5 1liber
breakdensityas

a functionof

applied

CIM60(D

strain

''i
'

[fable1 Wbibullparainetersand interfaeial

shear

strength

UM46

IM600

UM

UMoUMsUMos

4.97

5.29

5.46

a(GPa)

5.13

5.61

T(MTia)

14

18

R[EEERIIINCES
.

ttIMos

IM

IMo

IMs

7.00

6.13

6.31

6.62

4.83

5.10

5.06

5.61

5.14

5.47

4.87

20

co

30

32

70

t /ttl

46

t:

1. JA.Nairnand YC.li" On tlieuse

of

energy

for interpretationof results

of
singlefiber
fragmentation experiments,
CompositeInterfaces,
4,241'267,1997
2.WLA.Curtin,Exacttheoryof fiber
fragmentation
in a single flament cornposite, Journalof
Materials
Science,
26,5239"5252,1ee1
3. Rwu.HauveL B.Hogeweg and TtPeijs,
An
methods

expemiental

and

numerical

investigation
into

thedngle fiber
fragmentation
testistreep
'matrix,

by loeally
yieiding

r-Composites

transller

tt

t /1{

PinrtA.,28,

237-249,1997

528 NII-Electronic Library Service