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.A+L5471 >>S ;
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.A+L5471>>S
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254 47B5XIA3471]^+A34 21 B S

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&cc[5\ xN-

>;

20
15
10
5
0
-5
-10
0

10

20

30

679=2251 >>S  76 :254ZA[<=1 J;@-251 1FJ1 XIA6>S.)1 B<]XIA+B51tdS

&cc[5\ xN-

40

>$

2.0

Righting lever [m]

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0
0

20

40

60

80

Roll angle [deg]

679=2251>>Sv rf1 B<=4>256789F:4>:1 8G<YXj/A+2=A+X\<=1 2567B<=67X04+@<=/1fi.2d<=4>D251 B<=679>1l@-4>2 m > > 8 S.0/1

476781IA+2lD54 2BfX 2L67X
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&cc[5\ xN-

>I

0.20

Fixed rudders
Without rudders
Without rudders and bilge keels
Without rudders, bilge keels and skeg

0.15

0.10

0.05

0.00
0

10

15

20

679=2251 >>S 8
M1IA+B 2251 J 476781IA+2lJA+:D6789PX 4k1X 671 8G<=Bf@-254>: J1 XIA6<=1 B<=B S

1.0
0.5
0.0
-0.5
Fixed rudders
Without rudders
Without rudders and bilge keels
Without rudders, bilge keels and skeg

-1.0
-1.5
0

10

15

20

679=2251 >>S
M1IA+B 2251 JR 2A+J2=A[<=67XFJA+:D6789PX 4k1X 671 8G<=B0@-254>:J1 XIA6<=1 B<=B S
&cc[5\ xN-

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10

-5

-10
260

280

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

679=2251>>S u
M1IA+B 2251 J?A+8JCB567:254ZA[<=1 JJ1 XIA6 > ; > <dS

10

-5

360

380

400

420

679=2251 >>S t
M1IA+B 2251 JOA+8JMB567:254ZA[<=1 JJ1 XIA6 > ;=;3<&h >>S
&cc[5\ xN-

440

>8

10

-5

980

1000

1020

1040

679=2251>>S7> <
M1IA+B 2251 JOA+8JMB567:254ZA[<=1 JJ1 XIA6 > ;=;3<&h ;kS

10
5
0
-5
-10
1060

1070

1080

1090

679=2251>>S7>=>

M1IA+B 2251 JOA+8JMB567:254ZA[<=1 JJ1 XIA6 > ;=;3<&hdS

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1100

>

15
10
5
0
-5
-10

200

250

300

350

400

679=2251>>S7> ;
M1IA+B 2251 JOA+8JMB567:254ZA[<=1 JJ1 XIA6 >$:> <&h >>S

15
10
5
0
-5
-10
-15
650

700

750

679=2251>>S7>$
M1IA+B 2251 JOA+8JMB567:254ZA[<=1 JJ1 XIA6 >$:> <&h ;kS

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800

>$u

10
5
0
-5
-10
-15
80

100

120

140

160

180

200

220

679=2251>>S7>I
M1IA+B 2251 JOA+8JMB567:254ZA[<=1 JJ1 XIA6 >$';3<&h >>S

-5

-10
920

940

960

980

1000

679=2251>>S7>&v
M1IA+B 2251 JOA+8JMB567:254ZA[<=1 JJ1 XIA6 >$';3<&h ;kS

&cc[5\ xN-

1020

>$t

-5

-10
110

120

130

140

150

160

679=2251>>S7> 8
M1IA+B 2251 JOA+8JMB567:254ZA[<=1 JJ1 XIA6 >$>=<&h >>S

-5

-10

1360

1370

1380

1390

1400

679=2251>>S7> 
M1IA+B 2251 JOA+8JMB567:254ZA[<=1 JJ1 XIA6 >$>=<&h ;kS

&cc[5\ xN-

1410

;3<

10

-10

-20
50

100

150

200

250

300

679=2251>>S7>$u
M1IA+B 2251 JOA+8JMB567:254ZA[<=1 JJ1 XIA6 >$Gv3<&h >>S

15
10
5
0
-5
-10
-15
550

600

650

700

750

679=2251>>S7>$t
M1IA+B 2251 JOA+8JMB567:254ZA[<=1 JJ1 XIA6 >$Gv3<&h ;kS

&cc[5\ xN-

800

;>

10

-5

-10
100

120

140

160

180

200

679=2251>>S ;3<
M1IA+B 2251 JOA+8JMB567:254ZA[<=1 JJ1 XIA6 >$=8=<&h >>S

10
5
0
-5
-10
-15
100

120

140

160

180

200

679=2251>>S ; >

M1IA+B 2251 JOA+8JMB567:254ZA[<=1 JJ1 XIA6 >$=8:>\h >>S

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220

;=;

10

-10

-20
900

910

920

930

940

950

679=2251>>S ;=;
M1IA+B 2251 JOA+8JMB567:254ZA[<=1 JJ1 XIA6 >$ 3<&h ;kS

20

10

-10

-20
50

100

150

200

250

300

679=2251>>S ;+
M1IA+B 2251 JOA+8JMB567:254ZA[<=1 JJ1 XIA6 >I5> <&h >>S

&cc[5\ xN-

350

400

;+

15
10
5
0
-5
-10
-15

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

679=2251>>S ;[
M1IA+B 2251 JOA+8JMB567:254ZA[<=1 JJ1 XIA6 >I5> <&h ;kS

15
10
5
0
-5
-10
-15
-20
100

120

140

160

180

679=2251>>S ;>v
M1IA+B 2251 JOA+8JMB567:254ZA[<=1 JJ1 XIA6 >I ;3<&h >>S
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200

220

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15
10
5
0
-5
-10
-15

780

800

820

840

860

880

679=2251>>S ;38
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XIA347X 254ZA[<=674>8B S
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&cc[5\ xN-

;>v
10

-5

-10

110

120

130

140

679=2251>>S ;$
M1IA+B 2251 JOA+8JMB567:254ZA[<=1 JJ1 XIA6 >IG=<&h >>S


*
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r   S.0/1 B513 2A+8G<=6N<=671 BA+251K9>6N^>1 8678?<=/1 r   4=2d<=D52d<F 471 S 4=2d< S.0/1XIA347X 254ZA[<=1 J
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; > <dS $; [ <dS <=<=8=< <dS =<';+t <dS <=<=8=< <dS ;+t>uGv

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A347X 254ZA[<=1 J;JA+:D6789WX 4k1X 671 8G<=Blef6N<=/ r  @-4>2li.2d<=4>D251 B<=679>1]ef6N<=/4=2d<02 2Jkh
J1 2A+8JML6 479>1 1 1 47B 254 47B5XIA3471^+A34 21 B S
.225L525471 8G
< 4$e A+:678A+24$e
;s w     
< <dS G=8> <dS <=<=<:> <dS <:> +t <dS <=<=<:> <dS <:>&v38
> <dSv <dS G=8> <dS <=<=<'; <dS <=<Gv+ <dS <=<=<'; <dS <=<';3<
; > <dS G=8> <dS <=<=<'; <dS <=<+Gt <dS <=<=<'; <dS <=<=<Gv

&cc[5\ xN-

;$
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679=2251 >>S ;+u M1IA+B 2251 JA+8JXIA347X 254ZA[<=1 J#476781IA+2JA+:D6789pX 4k1X 671 8G<ef6N<=/adbd1 J 2 2JJ1 2 S
6 4 471 JoB5 2A+251 BEA+251 476781IA+2OJA+:D6789`X 4k1X 671 8G<=BH4>Ld<jA+6781 J@-254>: J1 XIA6o<=1 B<=BEA+8J4>D"1 8
B5 2A+251 B;A+251MXIA347X 254ZA[<=1 JX 4k1X 671 8G<=B@-254>: r  A+B5B 2:6789H< 225L525471 8G< 4$eFS D"1 8gX 672h
X 471 BA+251FXIA347X 254ZA[<=1 JX 4k1X 671 8G<=Bf@-254>: r  A+B5B 2:6789 4ZA+:678A+2 4$eFS
 ;~  ~#&~k)*>~
1dS ]S0rf4>L"1 2<=BEs >$t>uGv&w YB<=67:3A[<=674>8a4+@ 4>85476781IA+2  /67Drf4=4 4T
A+:D6789E@-254>: 251 1chT1 XIA6
T
A[<jA S 132258A344+@  /67DRrf1 B51IA+25Xj/ 9 4=4xS ;+t:9 4S ; 9 13281>$t>uGv 9DD_S7> $; $h >$>udS
]S
S
A+2 47B54>8s >$t $&w  D"1 X 6ZA34 28X\<=674>8B04+@i]DD547671 J RA[<=/1 :3A[<=67X B SYi]XIA+J1 :67X Y251 B5B S









&cc[5\ xN-

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679=2251>>S ;+t M1IA+B 2251 JA+8JgXIA347X 254ZA[<=1 J 2A+J2=A[<=67XJA+:D6789HX 4k1X 671 8G<Kef6N<=/dbd1 Ja2 2Jkh
J1 2 Sl6 4 471 J;B5 2A+251 BA+251 476781IA+20JA+:D6789PX 4k1X 671 8G<=B]4>Ld<jA+6781 J@-254>:J1 XIA6C<=1 B<=B]A+8JM4>D"1 8
B5 2A+251 BA+251XIA347X 254ZA[<=1 JCX 4k1X 671 8G<=B@-254>: r  A+B5B 2:6789K< 225L525471 8G< 4$eFS D"1 8RX 6725X 471 B
A+251FXIA347X 254ZA[<=1 JX 4k1X 671 8G<=Bf@-254>: r   A+B5B 2:67894ZA+:678A+2 4$eFS

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679=2251+>>S =< M1IA+B 2251 JA+8JXIA347X 254ZA[<=1 J 476781IA+2yJA+:D6789FX 4k1X 671 8G<ef6N<=/4=2d<2 2JJ1 2 S6 4 471 J
B5 2A+251 BCA+251476781IA+2JA+:D6789X 4k1X 671 8G<=B4>Ld<jA+6781 Ja@-254>: J1 XIA6a<=1 B<=BCA+8J4>D"1 8B5 2A+251 B
A+251EXIA347X 254ZA[<=1 JX 4k1X 671 8G<=BC@-254>: r  A+B5B 2:6789< 225L525471 8G< 4$eFS D"1 8X 6725X 471 BMA+251
XIA347X 254ZA[<=1 JCX 4k1X 671 8G<=Bf@-254>: r   A+B5B 2:67894ZA+:678A+2 4$eFS

&cc[5\ xN-

;+t

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679=2251 >>S :>
M1IA+B 2251 JgA+8JpXIA347X 254ZA[<=1 Jp 2A+J2=A[<=67X3JA+:D6789RX 4k1X 671 8G<Wef6N<=/4=2d<m2 2JJ1 2 S
6 4 471 JoB5 2A+251 BEA+251 476781IA+2OJA+:D6789`X 4k1X 671 8G<=BH4>Ld<jA+6781 J@-254>: J1 XIA6o<=1 B<=BEA+8J4>D"1 8
B5 2A+251 B;A+251MXIA347X 254ZA[<=1 JX 4k1X 671 8G<=B@-254>: r  A+B5B 2:6789H< 225L525471 8G< 4$eFS D"1 8gX 672h
X 471 BA+251FXIA347X 254ZA[<=1 JX 4k1X 671 8G<=Bf@-254>: r  A+B5B 2:6789 4ZA+:678A+2 4$eFS

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679=2251 >>S '; M1IA+B 2251 JA+8JpXIA347X 254ZA[<=1 J 476781IA+2FJA+:D6789RX 4k1X 671 8G<mef6N<=/4=2d<W2 2JJ1 2WA+8J
L6 479>1 1 1 47B S6 4 471 JWB5 2A+251 BlA+251,476781IA+2yJA+:D6789
X 4k1X 671 8G<=Bz4>Ld<jA+6781 JP@-254>:J1 XIA6P<=1 B<=BA+8J
4>D"1 8B5 2A+251 BmA+251XIA347X 254ZA[<=1 JHX 4k1X 671 8G<=BF@-254>: r  A+B5B 2:6789C< 225L525471 8G< 4$eFS D"1 8
X 6725X 471 BfA+251FXIA347X 254ZA[<=1 JCX 4k1X 671 8G<=B0@-254>
: r   A+B5B 2:67894ZA+:678A+2 4$eFS

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679=2251,>>S > M1IA+B 2251 JPA+8JmXIA347X 254ZA[<=1 J 2A+J2=A[<=67XJA+:D6789fX 4k1X 671 8G<ef6N<=/4=2d<)2 2JJ1 2A+8J
L6 479>1 1 1 47B S6 4 471 JWB5 2A+251 BlA+251,476781IA+2yJA+:D6789
X 4k1X 671 8G<=Bz4>Ld<jA+6781 JP@-254>:J1 XIA6P<=1 B<=BA+8J
4>D"1 8B5 2A+251 BmA+251XIA347X 254ZA[<=1 JHX 4k1X 671 8G<=BF@-254>: r  A+B5B 2:6789C< 225L525471 8G< 4$eFS D"1 8
X 6725X 471 BfA+251FXIA347X 254ZA[<=1 JCX 4k1X 671 8G<=B0@-254>
: r   A+B5B 2:67894ZA+:678A+2 4$eFS

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679=2251 >>S + M1IA+B 2251 J 476781IA+2lJA+:D6789PX 4k1X 671 8G<fef6N<=/4=2d<f2 2JJ1 2 9L6 479>1 1 1 47BA+8JMB 1 9S
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:>

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679=2251 >>S Gv M1IA+B 2251 Jp 2A+J2=A[<=67XJA+:D6789CX 4k1X 671 8G<mef6N<=/4=2d<2 2JJ1 2 9yL6 479>1 1 1 47BWA+8J
B 1 9S

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