FIRE PROTECTION

FIRE EXTINGUISHER
A fire extinguisher is an active fire protection device used to extinguish or control
small fires, often in emergency situations. It is not intended for use on an out-ofcontrol fire, such as one which has reached the ceiling, endangers the user (i.e.,
no escape route, smoke, explosion hazard), or otherwise requires the expertise of
a fire department. Typically, a fire extinguisher consists of a hand-held cylindrical
pressure vessel containing an agent which can be discharged to extinguish a fire.
Fire extinguishers manufactured with non-cylindrical pressure vessels also exist,
but are less common.

The Store use ABC types of fire extinguisher. ABC Dry Chemical, ABE Powder, triclass, or multi-purpose dry chemical is a dry chemical extinguishing agent used
on class A, class B, and class C fires. It uses a specially fluidized and siliconized
monoammonium phosphate powder. ABC dry chemical is usually a mix of
monoammonium phosphate and ammonium sulfate, the former being the active
one. Fire extinguisher at The Store are distributed at a few location in each floor
which is 11 unit at Ground Floor and 8 unit at First Floor

HOSE REELS
A fire hose (or firehose) is a high-pressure hose that carries water or other fire
retardant (such as foam) to a fire to extinguish it. Outdoors, it attaches either to a
fire engine or a fire hydrant. Indoors, it can permanently attach to a building's
standpipe or plumbing system.
The usual working pressure of a firehose can vary between 8 and 20 bar (800 and
2,000 kPa; 116 and 290 psi) while its bursting pressure can be up to 83 bar
(8,300 kPa; 1,204 psi).
After use, a fire hose is usually hung to dry, because standing water that remains
in a hose for a long time can deteriorate the material and render it unreliable or
unusable. Therefore, the typical fire station often has a high structure to
accommodate the length of a hose for such preventative maintenance.

At The Store, there is 7 unit of hose reels at Ground Floor and 6 unit of hose reels
at First Floor. Each of hose reels is placed in its own small compartment.

Testing out Hose Reels

There is one person will test each of this hose reels once a week in order to
ensure that there is no water flow connectivity which can cause a problem if a fire
occured.

Location of Hose reels and Fire Extinguisher at GROUND FLOOR

Location of Hose reels and Fire Extinguisher at FIRST FLOOR

FIRE HYDRANT
A fire hydrant, also called fireplug, is a connection point by which firefighters can
tap into a water supply. It is a component of active fire protection. The user
attaches a hose to the fire hydrant, then opens a valve on the hydrant to provide
a powerful flow of water, on the order of 350 kPa (50 lbf/in) (this pressure varies
according to region and depends on various factors including the size and
location of the attached water main). This user can attach this hose to a fire
engine, which can use a powerful pump to boost the water pressure and possibly
split it into multiple streams.

There is 4 water hydrant at The Store which is located at each corner of the
building. By having many water hydrant, it will enhance an efficiency of
firefighters to extinguish the fire as fast as possible.
WATER SPRINKLER
A fire sprinkler or sprinkler head is the component of a fire sprinkler system that
discharges water when the effects of a fire have been detected, such as when a
predetermined temperature has been exceeded. A fire sprinkler system is an
active fire protection method, consisting of a water supply system, providing
adequate pressure and flowrate to a water distribution piping system, onto which
fire sprinklers are connected.

Water sprinkler at The Store is located at the range of each 6 feet from each
other. Sprinklers are effective because they react so quickly. They reduce the risk
of death or injury from a fire because they dramatically reduce the heat, flames,
and smoke produced, allowing people the time to evacuate. Because the water is

always in the piping, fire sprinklers are always "on call". If fire breaks out, the air
temperature above the fire rises and the sprinkler activates when the air
temperature gets high enough. The sprinkler sprays water forcefully over the
flames, extinguishing them completely in most cases
SMOKE DETECTOR
A smoke detector is a device that senses smoke, typically as an indicator of fire.
Commercial security devices issue a signal to a fire alarm control panel as part of
a fire alarm system. Smoke detectors are housed in plastic enclosures, typically
shaped like a disk about 150 millimetres (6 in) in diameter and 25 millimetres
(1 in) thick, but shape and size vary. Smoke can be detected either optically
(photoelectric) or by physical process (ionization), detectors may use either, or
both, methods. Sensitive alarms can be used to detect, and thus deter, smoking
in areas where it is banned. Smoke detectors in large commercial, industrial, and
residential buildings are usually powered by a central fire alarm system, which is
powered by the building power with a battery backup.

The Store only use a few smoke detector which is only located at the place where
there is no people attended such as store, switch panel and pump engine rooms.
There is no smoke detectors installed in the locations of sales of goods placed
due to a lot of people crossing which they will aware and take an actions if there
is a fire occurred.

FIRE ALARM
A fire alarm system is number of devices working together to detect and warn
people through visual and audio appliances when smoke, fire, carbon monoxide
or other emergencies are present. These alarms may be activated automatically
from smoke detectors, and heat detectors or may also be activated via manual
fire alarm activation devices such as manual call points or pull stations. Alarms
can be either motorized bells or wall mountable sounders or horns. They can also
be speaker strobes which sound an alarm, followed by a voice evacuation
message which warns people inside the building not to use the elevators. Fire
alarm sounders can be set to certain frequencies and different tones including
low, medium and high, depending on the country and manufacturer of the
device.

At The Store, there is a fire alarm at each of hose reels and fire extinguisher
locations. This is to ensure and aware any people nearby to break the glass to
trigger the alarm if there is a fire occured.