RECOMMENDATION

Recycled drinking water represents one of the most obvious and technologically reliable
sources of urban water. Yet it is one of the least implemented solutions. Blame has often been
laid on the emotional and psychological difficulties of persuading people that recycled water is
safe. The water can be used in other sector in a decent way and we can reduce the water demand
and save water. However, after discussing among us, we have few recommendations to overcome
this problem. The recommendation follow as below:
a) using recycled water for aquaculture
The recycled water from various sources such as effluent or the ground water can be used
for aquaculture purposes such as fish breeding purposes. Water is always a limiting factor
in commercial fish production. Site selection must be made based on both the quality and
quantity of water available. The most common sources of water that can be used for
aquaculture are wells, springs, rivers and lakes, groundwater, and municipal water. Of the
sources mentioned, wells and springs are considered to consistently be of high quality of
water. Fresh water fish have the capability to adapt to the water and survive even better.
The fish will try to balance water to survive themselves in recycling water. Fresh-water
fish, water regulation is the reverse of marine species. Salt is constantly being lost
through the gills, and large amounts of water enter through the fish's skin and gills. This
is because the salt concentration in a fish is higher than the salt concentration of the water
in which it lives. Because the fish's body is constantly struggling to prevent the
diffusion of water into its body, large amounts of water are excreted by the kidneys.
Recycling this water to breed fish can cut down the water demand.
b) Using the water for wetland and irrigation purposes
Recycled water can be used for irrigation and for wetland purpose. Reclaimed storm
water from wetland systems can be combined with treated effluent to produce a final
product to distribute in non-potable recycling systems. Constructed wetlands provide a
low-cost alternative to tertiary Biological Nutrient Removal plants and thus may be more
appealing for small communities where the cost of upgrading treatment works can be
prohibitive. The treated wastewater from these wetlands (a scarce resource during the dry
season and in arid regions) can also be used to irrigate crops, playing fields, parks and

gardens or golf courses. During the wet season these wetlands can be used as a water
storage area and for groundwater recharge. The water discharged from constructed
wetlands can be of acceptable quality to flow into estuarine and riverine environments.
Constructed wetlands can also provide a habitat for biodiversity wetlands. As many
natural wetlands are only seasonally inundated, during the dry season wildlife must seek
alternative refuges.
c) Using recycled water for landscape purposes
Recycled water use has been proven safe for the following types of applications
throughout:
City Parks
School Playgrounds and Sport Fields
Landscape Nurseries
Sports Complexes
Golf Courses
Street Median Landscaping
Construction Projects
Street Sweeping
Fire Protection
Residential Landscape
Apartment Landscape
Landscapes irrigated with recycled water offer some advantages. For example, using
recycled water may reduce fertilizer needs due to higher nitrogen levels in recycled water
compared to potable water. In addition, recycled water is not restricted during times of
drought, so landscapes irrigated with recycled water may continue to be watered as usual
during dry years.
d) Using recycled water in industrial sector
Providing recycled water to industrial customers is an excellent way to save drinking
water supplies while reducing the amount of effluent discharged to local waterways. The
use of recycled water also presents opportunity for customers to significantly reduce
operational costs as recycled water is generally cheaper than drinking water. There are
several ways that we can use up the recycled water in industrial sector including:
offsite reuse of all effluent is used for boiler make-up water, cooling systems,
cleaning and hosing down (following further treatment at the power station site by
micro-filtration and reverse osmosis).

 Offsite effluent reuse coal washing and dust suppression, plus irrigation of nearby
mine sites, firefighting hosing down.
Onsite effluent reuse for hosing down, screenings washing, grit washing, gravity
drainage decks and polymer make.
Onsite effluent reuse for gravity drainage decks and belt filter presses.
e) Using recycled water at construction site
Recycled water can be used at construction site to reduce the water demand. On building
sites, recycled water may be used for:
dust suppression
washing trucks and plant equipment
watering gardens
flushing toilets
filling ornamental ponds.
Recycled water can be supplied through pipes that are separate from the drinking water
supply. These pipes must be labelled and identified by a color or plastic sleeting. Each
property supplied with recycled water must provide with a pre-laid service from the
recycled water main into the property, terminating at a connection point at the meter. The
property will also have a second water meter which follows the pipe color. At least one of
the garden taps will follow the pipe color and will have a removable handle. Where a
recycled water tap is installed for garden use, it must be marked with a warning sign.

The following are the best management practices that we can recommend for managing
the recycled water in different type of usage:
Regularly monitor water and soil quality with water quality enforcement
guidelines.
Adequate leaching and provide sufficient drainage to remove excess Na and salts
from the root zone;
Additional chemical amendments to displace Na and reduce exchangeable sodium
percentage;

Addition of gypsum to irrigation water;

Careful irrigation based on evapotranspiration and leaching requirements;
Conversion to low angle nozzles to reduce leaf damage on trees and shrubs;
Use conventional water with treated recycled water in rotation;
Dual plumbing to irrigate golf course greens with conventional water in cases of

excessively high salinity, as a last resort.

More intensive cultivation programs (deep aeration and water injection) to
maintain oxygen diffusion and water movement;
More vigorous traffic control programs.
Reduced nitrogen and phosphorous fertilization, accounting for the fertilizer value
present in recycled wastewater;
Fertilize to alleviate nutrient imbalance.
Replace susceptible plants with better climate and soil adapted, salt tolerant
species and cultivars;
Maintain healthy plants healthy plants withstand salinity better.