DISCUSSION

Vapour liquid equilibrium (VLE) is where a liquid and its vapour in the gas state are in
equilibrium with each other or it is where the rate of evaporation which is liquid change into
gas is equals to the rate of condensation which is vapour change into liquid,it also could be
said that there are no net vapour liquid interconversion.Usually a substance at vapour-liquid
equilibrium state is generally known as saturated fluid.
This experiment is carried out in order to determine the relationship between vapour and
liquid of a binary mixture for example methanol and water at equilibrium and the pressure is
constant at 1 atm.Besides,this experiment is also conducted to construct the equilibrium curve
at 1 atm (atmospheric pressure) for methanol and water.The Vapour liquid equilibrium unit
(Model: BP 16) is used to carried out the experiment.
A mixture of methanol-water with known composition is initially fed into the evaporator.
When the heater is switched on, the mixture will start to boil. The mixture vapour will rise up
and will be cooled down by the condenser at the top of the evaporator. As the vapour starts to
condense, the liquid falls back into the evaporator. The system will stabilize and finally reach
an equilibrium state when temperature remains constant. Samples of vapour and liquid are
taken to determine their compositions. The reading is observe and recorded. The graph x-y
diagram is construct as Vapour at axis X and Liquid at axis Y. The VLE diagram will show
the Bubble Point, first drop of liquid mixture begins to vaporize, and the Dew Point, the first
point gaseous start to condense into liquid form.
Based on the data recorded, the can be plotted and a straight lines can be obtained based on
the point that obtained.Straight lines that produced on the graph shown that relationship
between the vapour liquid at equilibrium and atmospheric pressure are linear.Based on all
data collected the graph T-xy can be plotted and this graph is represents data for 2 component
in binary system which is temperature against mole fraction of vapour and temperature
against mole fraction of liquid.The value of Refractive Index (RI) for both vapour and liquid
are recorded and by using this value the graph for RI can be plotted.The shape for this graph
is bell-like shape.

CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the experiment was carried out successfully by following the correct
procedures. The objective by doing this experiment is to determine the vapor-liquid
equilibrium conditions for the binary methanol-water system. Explore the conditions for
which Daltons and Raoults laws are adequate to describe the vapor-liquid equilibrium.
Moreover by doing this experiment, we were able to construct and plot the graph of
temperature versus vapor or liquid mole fraction and vapor mol fraction versus liquid mol
fraction graph.This experiment have achived its objectives because all the graph that needed
is plotted and the maximum mole for methanol is 1 mol.From the data that we obtain, the
composition of methanol in vapor is higher than the liquid. The composition of methanol in
vapor and liquid is increase when the volume of methanol is also increase. When the
objective of this experiment was achieved, it can be concluded that this experiment was
successfully done.
RECOMMENDATION
To improve the experiment and obtaining the best result, the experiment should have been
repeated three times in order to get the average readings and to get the reading more
accurately. This will reduce the deviation from theoretical result and reduce the error of
reading.The experiment itself took more than four hours to be done once, however due to
limitation of time, the experiment could only be done once. Therefore, to get better results,
the experiment should have been repeated twice.The result of the experiment need to be
compared to the other group or we can make a group discussion with the other group to make
sure that our results are accurate or not.
REFERENCE

1. Yunus A. Cengal & Michael A. Boles, Thermodynamics An Engineering Approach,

3rd Edition, 4th Edition, McGraw Hill, 2002.
(2015, November 1st) Retrieved from
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vapor%E2%80%93liquid_equilibrium
3. http://iitg.vlab.co.in/?sub=58&brch=160&sim=377&cnt=1
4. http://www.ddbst.com/en/EED/VLE/VLE%20Methanol%3BWater.php

APPENDIX