ROJOHN A.

PASCUAL BSEE-5
ILLUMINATION
QUESTION SET
1. What are the advantages of artificial lighting produced electrically?
easy to direct and control, and is substitute for the sun but is smaller.
2. What is Angstrom unit?
it symbol is A, a letter in the Swedish alphabet
It is an internationally recognized unit of length equal to 1 x 10-10 meters.

3. What is the difference between illumination and light?

Illumination is the act of illuminating or supplying with light while light is the equipment used to provide illumination.

4. What is the relation between candela and lumens per steredian?

1 candela is equal to 1 lumen/ steradian
5. What is the relation between lux and lumens/m2?
1 lux is equal to one lumen/m2
6. What is the difference between lamp efficiency and specific consumption?
Lamp efficiency is the ratio of luminous flux to power measured in lumens/ watt in SI while specific consumption is an
engineering term that is used to describe the lamp efficiency.
7. What is the difference between maintenance factor and depreciation factor?
Maintenance factor is defined as the ratio of illuminance produced by a lighting system after a certain period of time while
depreciation factor is the ratio of initial illumination on an area to the present illumination of the same area.
8. What are the two laws of illumination?
Law of inverse square and Lamberts cosine law
9. Why none of the practical type of lamp provides uniformly distributed light in all directions?
Lamp doesnt have a 360 degrees beam angle and its not possible to make one.
10. Why the glass globe of a filament lamp is completely evacuated?
Heating expansion problems. Glass is brittle and might crack or explode if heated suddenly by a high wattage
incandescent light.
11. Why is it Tungsten is selected as the filament material?
because it has some amazing properties including the highest melting point, lowest vapor pressure, and greatest tensile
strength.
12. Why does the efficiency of a filament lamp increase with the increase in operation voltage owing to increase in temperature and is
proportional to the square of the operating voltage?
When lamp is heated, it produces high efficiency due to its light ouput.
13. Why sodium vapor discharge lamps are not used for general lighting?

because it has a very high efficacy

14. Why thermal type starter used in fluorescent tubes have become obsolete nowadays?
because it has a long delay to initiate a high voltage arc in the cathode

15. What is floodlighting?

floodlighting is the use of high- powered light bulbs to illuminate a large outdoor space. It is permanently installed in
place and requires a great deal of electricity.
16. How projectors are classified according to the beam spread?
Narrow beam, medium angle and wide angle projectors
17. Light
c. consists of electromagnetic waves
18. Radiant efficiency of the luminous source depends on
a. temperature of the source
19. A substance which changes its electrical resistance when illuminated by light is called
a. photoconductive
20. Materials which reflect all wavelengths in the spectrum of light appear to be
c. black to white
21. An object which appears red to the eyes, absorbs
All of the above
22. The sensors in the eye are known as
c. rodes and cones
23. The color temperature of daylight is about
6000 K
24. Sky appears blue due to
d. scattering of light over dust particles
25. Color of light depends upon
d. both b and c
26. The wavelength of 5500 Angstrom will give light of
b. red
27. Which of the following color has a wavelength between blue and yellow?
d. green
28. Luminous flux is
a. the rate of energy radiation in the form of light waves
29. Candle power is
b. the light radiating capacity of a source in a given direction
30. Glare is cause due to
c. either a or b

31. A perfect diffuser surface is one that

a. transmit all incident light
32. the illumination at a surface due to a source of light place at a distance d from the surface varies as
a. 1/d2

33. The illumination at various points on a horizontal surface illuminated by the same source varies as
cos3
34. Carbon arc lamps are commonly used in
a. cinema projectors
35. Fine diameter tungsten wires are made by
b. wire drawing
36. The melting point of Tungsten is
a. 34000C
37. The vacuum inside an incandescent lamp is of the order of
b. 10-4mmHg
38. The rate of evaporation of tungsten filament in lamps depends upon
c. vapor pressure inside
39. Heat from the lamp filament is transmitted to the surrounding mainly through
d. radiation
40. Which of the following material is most commonly used for the filaments in incandescent lamps?
a. tungsten
41. A zero watt lamp consumes power of
b. 5-10W
42. The safe operating temperature of a tungsten filament lamp is
a. 1000
43. The output of a tungsten filament depends on
c. temperature filament
44. What percentage of the input energy is radiated by filament lamps?
d. 10- 15%
45. An electric bulb, when broken, produces bang. It is on account of
a. vacuum inside the bulb
46. In an incandescent lamp, bird cage filament is usually used in vacuum bulb so as to
b. give uniform radiations
47. Filament lamps normally operate at a power factor of
c. unity
48. Most affected parameter of a filament lamp due to variation in operating voltage is
a. life

49.The lumens output of an incandescent lamp with the variation in operating voltage is given as lumens output directly proportional
to Vn where n is a constant. The value of n for a tungsten is
a. from 1.0 to 2.2
50. Which gas is used in filament lamps.
c. argon

51. Which of the following vapor will give yellow color in filament lamps?
d. sodium
52. magnesium vapor in a filament lamp gives
a. green color light
53. the gas used in a gas-filled filament lamp gives
c. nitrogen
54. In filament lamps, coiled coil filaments are used in
b. gas filled lamps
55. In electric discharge lamps, light is produced by
d. ionization of gas or vapour
56. In electric discharge lamps for stabilization of arc
b. a variable resistance is connected in series with the circuit
57. Glow lamps
b. have cold cathode
58. Halogen lamps have the advantage(s) of
d. all of the above
59. The filament of a GLS lamp is made of
b. tungsten
60. Which of the following is not the GLS lamp of the standard rating?
c. 75 W
61. The luminous efficiency of GLS lamps is normally in the range of _____lumens/watt.
d. 10 to 18
62. Nitrogen or argon is filled in GLS lamps so as to
a. retard evaporation of tungsten filament
63. in case of frosted GLS lamps, frosting of shell is done by
a. acid etching
64. In case of GSL lamps the increase in supply voltage reduces
c. life
65. Sodium vapour lamps needs an ionization voltage of about
a. 5V
66. The ignition voltage for a sodium lamp is about
d. 400-600V

67. When a sodium vapour lamp is switched on, initially the colour is
b. pink
68. The colour of light given out by a sodium vapour discharge lamp is
c. yellow
69. An auto-transformer used with sodium vapor lamp should
c. high leakage reactance
70. Leak transformer in a sodium vapour lamp initially provides
c. high voltage
71. In a sodium vapour discharge lamp the neon gas
a. changes the color of light
72. The capacitor is used in auto-transformer circuit of a sodium vapour lamp in order to
b. improve the circuit power factor
73. The sodium vapour lamp
d. all of the above
74. The luminous efficiency of a sodium vapor lamps is _____ lumens per watt.
a. 40-50
75. Phosphor zinc silicate produces light of
b. green color
76. A mercury vapour lamp gives light of
c. greenish-blue colour
77. High pressure mercury vapour lamp
d. all of the above
78. In high pressure mercury vapour lamps
d. all of the above
79. The luminous efficiency of high pressure mercury vapour lamps range from _____ lumens per watt.
a. 30 to 40
80. In mercury iodide lamps
d. none of the above
81. Mercury iodide lamps
d. all of the above
82. Which of the following lamps is a cold cathode lamp?
b. neon lamp
83. Neon lamps
d. all of the above
84. In neon signs argon gas is used to give
a. red color
85. In neon signs, neon with a mixture of mercury is used to give
b. green color

86. The electrodes of neon tube work at

c. 2kV to 6 kV
87. Neon tubes are widely used for
a. advertising
88. The vapour discharge tube used for domestic light has
b. two filaments
89. The fluorescent tube is coated from inside with a thin layer of fluorescent material in the form of powder in order to
a. absorb invisible ultraviolet rays and radiate visible rays
90. A stabilizing choke is connected in the fluorescent tube circuit so as to
b. act as a ballast in operating conditions and provide a voltage impulse for starting
91. A capacitor is connected across the fluorescent tube circuit in order to
c. improve the power factor of the tube circuit
92. Which of the following is present inside the fluorescent tube?
d. mercury vapor
93. In a fluorescent tube, a ballast resistance is connected in series with the choke
a. when the tube is operated in DC supply
94. For operation of fluorescent tube on dc supply the additional device incorporated in the circuit is a
b. resistor
95. The light of fluorescent tube appears cooler than that from an incandescent lamp. This is due to the fact that
c. tungsten is not used in the tube
96. Sometimes the wheels of the rotating machinery, in fluorescent tube lighting, appear to be stationary. This is due to
c. stroboscopic effect
97. The flicker effect of fluorescent lamp is more pronounced at
d. lower frequencies
98. The frequency of flickers in fluorescent tube operating at 220V, 50 hertz supply is
b. 100 per second
99. Standard wattage of a 1 m fluorescent tube is
a. 25 W
100. A fluorescent tube can be operated on
a. both dc and ac
101. Radio-interference from fluorescent tube can be reduced by
b. connecting a small capacitor across starter terminals
102. In a mercury vapour lamp, red objects appear black. This on account of
c. absence of red light from lamp radiations
103. Blinking of a fluorescent tube may be on account of
d. any of the above
104. The cost of fluorescent tube is more than that of an incandescent lamp on account of.
d. all of the above

105. The life of a fluorescent tube is affected by

d. all of the above
106. The disadvantage(s) of fluorescent tubes in comparison to filament lamps is/are
d. all of the above
107. The ratio of radiant heat produced by a fluorescent tube and that by a filament lamp of the same rating is
a. 0.2
108. The lamp that cannot sustain much voltage fluctuations is
c. incandescent lamp
109. The lamp that gives nearly ultraviolet light is
a. carbon arc lamp
110. For the same wattage the cheapest lamp is
b. GLS lamp
111. Power factor is highest in case of
c. incandescent lamp
112. The lamp which gives nearly monochromatic light is
a. sodium vapor lamp
113. The lamps that does not have separate choke is
b. sodium vapor lamp
114. For the same wattage the lamp that will produce minimum radiant heat is
a. sodium vapor lamp
115. The lamp/tube preferred for air-conditioned space is
c. fluorescent lamp
116. The lamp that causes radio-interference is
d. all of the above
117. The lamp that cannot be used for dimming is
b. fluorescent lamp
118. Which of the following application does not require ultraviolet lamps?
c. car lighting
119. Floodlighting is not used for
d. any of the above
120. The lumens emitted from a 100W incandescent lamp will not increase if
c. the diameter of the glass shell is increased
121. Total flux required in any lighting scheme depends inversely on
a. surface area
122. To avoid glare
a. object should be viewed from a distance
123. The illumination level on a surface is least affected by
a. candle power of light source

124. Desired illumination level on the working plane depends upon

d. all of the above
123. Which of the following will need the highest level of illumination?
c. proof reading
124. Which of the following will need the highest level of illumination?
d. garage
125. The illumination level in houses is in the range of
b. 20-50 lux
126. The illumination level required for precision work is about
a. 500-1000 lux
127. The illumination level required for important traffic routes carrying fast traffic is about
a. 30 lux
128. Illumination due to moon light is about
b. 0.3 lumen/m2
129. The luminous flus reaching the working plane least depends on
c. color of the working plane surface
130. The depreciation factor depends upon
d. all of the above
131. Utilization factor depends upon
d. all of the above
132. Glare is reduced by
d. all of the above
133. the glass that transmit the maximum light is
a. clear glass
134. The glass that transmits the least amount of light is
b. milk glass
135. The surface that has the lowest reflection factor for white light is
c. blue curtains
136. The lamp is provided with a reflector in order to
d. all of the above
137. Reflectors are provide4d with slits at the top so as to
d. all of the above
138. Heat from light source is particularly of importance in
a. designing for air conditioning
139. Dimming systems for lights are used in
d. all of the above