Dr. El Fiky Atlas Head & Neck Anatomy Mahmoud Abd Altawab

oronal suture
Frontal bone
Parietal bone
Glabella--
Sphenoid bone
Lesser wirig
Orbital surface
Nasal bone
lacrimal bone
~_~
Zygomaficbone
Frontal process
'__
_--"l'r
Orbital plate
--
__
Perpendicular
--Middle
plate
nasal concha
Orbital surface
---Inferior
Temporal process
nasal concha
Zygomaticofacial
foramen
Mandible
Maxilla
Ramus
Orbital surface ---'
Infraorbital fora men
Frontal process---,
~ __
Alveolar process
A_nteriornasal spine
-----
Mental protuberance
Skull - Anterior View

Posterior and
Anterior
ethmoidal foramina
Orbital surface of frontal bone

Orbital surface of lesser
wing of sphenoid bone
Orbital plate of
ethmoid bone
Superior orbital fissure ----~_l:.~

Optic canal (fora men) -----ft..-olJ---l
Orbital surface of greate~r:-_--+'~-l
wing of sphenoid bone
_--lacrimal
--p--Wl----Fossa
bone
for lacrimal sac
Orbital surface of
zygomatic bone ----
Orbital process of
Palatine bone
Inferior orbital fissure
Orbital surface
of maxilla
Infraorbital groove
R"ight Orbit - Frontal and slightly lateral View
Parietal bone
Sphenoid bone
Greater wing
Temporal bone
Temporal fossa
Squamous part
Superior temporal line
Zygomatic process
Inferior temporal line
Articular tubercle
Groove for posterior
(jeep temporal artery
Ethmoid bone
Orbital plate
Fossafor
Lacrimal sac
Occipital bone
External
occipital
protuberance
Maxilla
Frontal process~
u....:...-
Infraorbital
foramen---
__
~~~
Anterior
nasal spin,~-- __
Alveolar process
.-I
Mandible
Head of condylar process
Mandibular notch
Coronoid process
Ramus
line
Zygomatic bone
Zygomaticofacial
foramen -----~~~)~,...~'/Temporal process--~
Zygomatic arch
~---~~L--------Oblique
----~~~--------------Body
.,-.-------~
,
iI!:::::....----------
Mental foramen
----i:::'~"=~..",
...
~
Infratemporal fossa exposed by

removal of zygomatic arch and mandible'
pterygomaxillary: fissu[e------;~~~A~~tl.-..2
Inferior orbital fissure------~~L...:"I!iii~~~
Infratemporal surface of maxilla------.:~~~~~
Temporal bone
Externalacoustic
meatus
Alveolar foramina ---------~-~

Iuberosltv of maxilla
---------i":--......:.""'::"'::---
Mandibular fossa
:t\rticulartubercle
pterygopalatine
fossa
Styloid process
Sphenopalatine foramen
Skull - Lateral View

.f)
Frontalbone
-----------.p...--
Coronal suture-
-/.~;::~~
-I-.:...-.
Bregma--
~~:::~~
--J~_
Parietal bone----
--:-:::;;:~f_t-------_~
Sagittal suture
Parietal foramen (for emissaryve"n)
Lambda
Occipital bone
-:::~~-----Frontal
bone
Frontal crest
r-t-~-:lr-
Groove for superior sagittal slnu:

Coronal suture
Parietalbone
'!.--~~-~~;----
Granular foveolae
(for arachnoid granulations)
~---Diploe
---"!" ....~~---:....
Grooves for branches of

middle meningeal vessels
--:::H7+----Groove
~:;:-----;:-:'H~~---
for superior sagittal slnui
Sagittal suture
._~~~~-----Lambdoid
~~~~~~~rF------
suture
Occipital bone
Calvaria (skull cap)
Maxilla
Incisive fossa ----"
Palatine process --~
Median palatine suture
Zygomatic process
Zygomatic bone
Frontal bone
Transversepalatine suture
Sphenoid bone
Pterygoid process
Hamulus---,
Medial plate---..
~Ptery~oid fossa}
Lateral plate
Scaphoid fossa
Greater wing -.....
Foramen ovale-_
Foramen spinosum
Spine
Temporal bone
Zygomatic process
Articular tubercle------t::r
Mandibular fossa -------l-Styloid process
Petrotympanic fissure -----+--"~-::::-Carotid canal (external o)IP~e:n~i~n~g[::t:;:.:::~~~~~
Tympanic canaliculus ~
Externalacoustic meatus
Mastoid canaliculus
Mastoid process
Stylomastoid fo~r=a::m.:.:e:.:.n.:...-_--~
Petrouspart
Mastoid notch for
digastric muscle
Occipital groove
(for occipital artery)
Jugular fossa
(jugular foramen in its depth)
--------f--.---....
Palatine bone
Horizontal plate
Greater palatine foramen
Pyramidal process
Lesserpalatine foramina
~or
nasal spine
~--Choanae
Vomer
Groove for
pharyngotympanic
(auditory) tube
Foramen lacerum
Mastoid fora men

Parietal bone
Occipital bone
Hypoglossal canal
UCcipital condyleCondylar canal and fossa
Basilar part-----Pharyngeal tubercle----'
Foramen magnum----Inferior nuchalline---------'
External occipital crest-----'
Superior nuchal line ------'
External occipital protuberance ----'
-pCranial base - Inferior View
NECKCX
I
I
Ethmoid bone
-:;::=======:J==:-----_-'~
=::::i
Cristagalli
Cribriformplate========j--'--
__
I
,I
.,1
Sphenoid bone
Lesserwing-----------Anteriorclinoid process--------Greaterwing -----------_
Groove for middle meningeal
Vessels(frontal branches)
Body
__
----------~~(E.1::]~
l Anterior
.,;? cranial
. .,: II
," " I
I
I
fossa
~~~::~========:::::::::j~!:~t;~~~~::2=~~ Middle
Jugum
Prechiasmaticgroove
(Tuberculumsellae
cranial
fossa
~=::===~ht-~::=~;~~~:;~,
Sella ) Hypophysealf~s~s~a~=====3~~~~~2~~~~~I~
Posteriorclinoid process
turcica Dorsumsellae
Carotid groove (for intocarotid a,
Clivus
Temporal bone
Squamouspart
Petrouspart
Groovefor lesserpetrosal nerve ---+-~
Groovefor greater petrosal nerve--I-~
Arcuate eminence
Trigeminalimpression
Groovefor superiorpetrosal sinus--+-"
Groovefor sigmoid sinus
----------+-"
-------!-~
------i--"
------+-~
Parietal bone
Groovefor middle meningeal
Vessels(parietal branches)
Mastoidangle--------...r--
Posterior
cranial
fossa
-----1--
Occipital bone
Clivus-------------;-Groovefor inferiorpetrosal sinus---:-Basilarpart -----------Groovefor posteriormeningeal vessels
Condyle-----------Groovefor transversesinus------"
Groove for occipital sinus------Internaloccipital crest
Internaloccipital protuberance ----+--~
Groove for superiorsagittal sinus
---r-~
Cranial base - Internal View
NATOMY
~
fora men cecum
--Emissary vein to superior
Nasal slit ------------Anterior ethmoidal fora men
sagittal
sinus
t l Anterior ethmoidal artery. vein
lt
and nerve
Foramina of cribriform plate-- Olfactory nerve bundles

Posterior ethmoidal foramen -Posterior ethmoidal artery. vein
and nerve
Optic canal
~Optic nerve (11)

Ophthalmic artery
Superior orbital fissure -----
Oculomotornerve (Ill)
Trochlearnerve (IV)
lacrimal. frontal and nasociliary
branchesof ophthalmic nerve (vl)
Abducent nerve (vl)
Superiorophthalmic vein
Foramen rotundum ---------
Maxillary nerve (v2)
Foramen ovale -----------
Mandibular nerve (V3)

Accessory meningeal artery
lesser petrosal nerve (occasionally]
Foramen spmosum
~~~~~:::==:l~rr==:SPhenoid
---------1
lMiddlemeningealarteryand vein
Meningealbranchof mandibularnerve
emissary fora men (vesalius) (inconstant)
r;::~?~~_-_~~:r[=
Foramen lacerum
Carotid canal for
~-
[Internet carot~d artery

carotid nerve plexus
.-
Hiatus for-----
1 Internal
-----------lesser
petrosal nerve
Hiatus for-----------------
Greater petrosal nerve
Internal acoustic meatus ---
Facial nerve (VII)

Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)
External opening of
vestibular aqueduct -------I
labyrinthine artery
Endolymphatic duct
Mastoid foramen -------(inconstant)
Emissary vein (and occasional

branch of occipital artery)
Inferior petrosal sinus
Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
Vagus nerve (X)
Accessory nerve (XI)
Sigmoid sinus
Posterior meningeal artery
Jugular foramen ---------
Condylar canal
(inconstant)
JEmissaryvei~ and meningeal branch

1 of ascendmg pharyngeal artery
Hypoglossal canal---------
Foramen magnum
----
Hypoglossal nerve (XII)

MedUllaoblongate
Meninges
Vert~bral arteries
Meningeal branches of vertebral
arteries
Spinal roots of accessory nerves
Foramina of Cranial base - Superior View

r
Skull, Inferior View

Incisive foramen
Palatal process of maxilla

Palatal process of palatine
Greater palatine fora men
Lesserpalatine foramen
Tubercle of maxilla
Zygomatic arch __
Hamulus-+--LJ~11
Infratemporal crest--..llt...--~
Scaphoid fossa-~f--r--=12:L.
Articular tubercle
_
Mandibular fossa -...;...a;;=Styloid process -I.,..........:::!!
Externalauditory meatus
Stylomastoid foramen
Maxilla
Vomer
Lateral pterygoid plate
....-~
~~
Mastoid process
:::::::"-~P'"""""r--Medial
pterygoid plate
Foramen ovale
","-=:::=:+:==-:;1.=
Foramen spinosum
11:
Spine of sphenoid
-~I-Petrous
part of termporal bone
,---t~I-Carotid
canal
Tympanic part of
temporal bone
Jugular foramen
Occipital condyle
Pharyngeal tubercle
Superior nuchal line

Foramen magnum
External occipital protuberance
Skull, Internal View

Frontal c est
Crista galli
Pterion
Tuberculum sellae
Sella turcica
Posterior clinoid process
Dorsum sellae
Hiatus for greater
petrosal nerve
Arcuate eminence
li,
Basilar part of occipital
Frontal sinus
Foramen cecum
Cribriform plate
Orbital plate of frontal
Optic canal
esser wing of sphenoid
Anterior clinoid process
Foramen rotundum
Foramen lacerum
Foramen ovale
~ ..,~~...Groove for middle
meningeal orterv
rr-c;2~~~~rr
Foramen sptnosurn
~,p;;:.,.a,...j~-Squamous
part of temporal
~~~~i-+lH--Petrous
part of temporal
.. Internal auditory meatus
Groove for superior
petrosal sinus
Groove for sigmoid sinus
~\
Jugular foramen
F oramen magnu
..
~."..~
.. Iio;.h.
.~~:;
".
Internal occlpltol crest

Occiput
",'"
~,,'"
transverse sinus
7':~-"~:'"""Hypoglossal canal
"<A<r:~
Internal occipital
protuberance
Skull base
s
aD C
3_
51,
Sphenoid bone
Temporal bone
Parietal bone
Greater wing
Lesserwing -...
Anterior clinoid
Process
Optic canal-...
Sella turcica
Sphenoidal sinus
Body-----...:
Medial and lateral
plates of
pterygoid
Process-------....
Squamous part
Grooves for
branches of middle
meningeal vessels
etrous part
Internal ocoustic meatus
Groove for superior
petrosal sinus
External opening of
vestibular aqueduct
Groove for
sigmoid sinus
-----i
Frontal bone
Frontal sinus
Ethmoid bone
Crista galli ------:~~~
Cribriform plate --~7:;tlt:!.:.:1i
Perpendicular
Plate
'-
External occipital
protuberance
.?i~~~::=---;0'tf:':""---Jugular
Nasalbone~
foramen
~--_
Inferior nasal
concha ---
Groove for inferior

petrosal sinus
Hypoglossal canal
Maxilla /;
Anterior
nasal spine
Nasal surface
Incisive canal
Palatine process
Alveolar process
Occipital condyle
'~',O"""
Vomer
~-..-.--
Frontal bone
Opening of sphenoidal sinus
Ethmoid bone
Cribriform plate
Superior nasal concha
Middle nasal concha
Sphenopalatine
foramen
_~:::-_~j
Sphenoid bone
Lacrimal bone
Body
'- ~
....J
Maxilla
Nasal surface
Palatine process
Alveolar process
Medial
Plates of pterygoid
Lateral ) process
pterygoid hamulus
Perpendicular plate
Horizontal plate
Skull - Midsagittal section
t
)
Palatine bone
Lateral view
Anterior fontanelle
Parietal bone
Coronal suture~TUber
Sphenoidal fontanelle
Frontal bone
Squamous suture
Squamous part ----""'I

Supraorbital notch (fora men)
Posterior fontanelle
Lambdoid suture
Ethmoid bone
Anterior ethmoidal
foramen --_
Orbital plate
Occipital bone
Mastoid fontanelle
Lacrimal bone
Nasal bone
(eminence)
Temporal bone
Maxilla -----_
Infraorbital foramen --_--'
Zygomatic bone ----Zygomaticofacial fora men
Petrosquamous fissure
Petrous part
(mastoid process absent)
Tympanic part (bony extern
acoustic meatus absent)
..J
Palatine bone
Pyramidal process ------'
Superior view
e-
Oval (vestibular) window

Round (cochlear) window
Zygomatic process
Frontal bone
Anterior fontanelle
Coronal suture
Parietal bone --~--Ir:--~-----+--Sagittal
suture
Posterior fontanelle
Occipital bone
:;.~-.-..,...::......----
Skull of newborn
Lambdoid suture
area related to frist part of maxillary artery

and auriclotemporal nerve
Condylar process
Pterygoid fovea insertion

of lateral pterygoid
-'
Coronoid process
Neck
Temporalis muscle
insertion
Mandibular notch
Lingula
lateral tempro-
Mylohyoid groove
andibular
foramen
Oblique line
Submandibualr fossa
mandibular ligament
Mylohyoid line origin

of mylohyoid muscle
Sublingular fossa
/
/
Interaveolar septa
/
(
/.-\ Ramus
/
Alveolar part (crest)----:Mental fora men
Mental protuberanc:e====f::-;---.;--....:;~
Mental tubercle--
__
Angle
Base of mandible--------,..=..
__
"r-
Buccinator origin
Body
Coronoid process insertion
of temporalis -_
~
r6--condYlar
Head
j?
Neck
Mandibular notch
Pterygoid fovea
insertion of lateral
pterygoid
~.......--
platysma insertion
Mandible of adult:
anterolateral superior view
process
LinguJa- sphenomandibular
ligament
Mandibular fora men

Mylohyoid groove
(.-\ Ramus
Pfregomandibular ligament
Medial pterygoid insertion

area related to 3rd
molar tooth
Angle
_ v>0 ~-Submandibular fossa
Sublingual fossa
---Digastric
fossa origin of anterior
belly of digasteric
Mental spines
Mandible of adult:
left posterior view
@jJz.'1
Mandible
andible of aged
person (adentulous)
Mandible of infant
Anterior tubercle
Anterior articular
facet (for anterior
arch of atlas)
Dens~_
Transverse
process
Superior articular
facet for atlas
Pedicle
Interarticular
part
Transverse
foramen
Vertebral
foramen
Posterior arch
Superiorarticular surface
_-Posterior
tubercle
of lateral mass for
Groove for vertebral artery
occipital condyle
Inferior articular
facet for C3
Axis (C2): anterior view
Atlas (C 1): superior view
Posterior tubercle .....
Transverse
process
Body
Posterior arch
Dens
Superior articular
facet for atlas
Transverse
process
Posterior articular
facet (for transverse
ligament of atals)
Transverse
process
t:~~~~~Articular
facet
for dens
Anterior tubercle
Atlas (Cl): inferior view

Anterior
tubercle
Posterior
tubercle
Axis (C2): posterosuperior
Transverseprocess
Groove for
spinal nerve
Transverse
foramen ........
A
Pedicle ~~~~!!l,..;
Spinous process
4th cervical vertebra:

superior view
Body
-
~
----+
7th cervical vertebra:

superior view
view
NECW
Lateral view
Joint capsule
lateral (temporomandibular) ligament
Sphenomandibular ligament
Sphenomandibular ligament (phantom)
Styloid process
Stylomandibular ligament
Mandibular nerve
and otic ganglion
Joint capsule----.;
Middle meningeal
artery
Auriculotemporal nerve
,'-"',-",Maxillary artery
Inferior alveolar nerve
lingual nerve
_lIIIl1"~rvphenomandibular
ligament
Stylomandibular ligament
Mandibular fosssa
Articular disc
Articular tubercle
Mylohyoid branch of
inferior alveolar artery
and mylohyoid nerve
Jaws closed
\~~
Jaws slightly
opened
(hinge action
predominates)
Jaws widely
opened
(hinge and gliding
action combined)
Temporomandibular Joint
Medial view
Anterior view
----Basilar
part of occipital
Pharygeal
bone
tubercle
Anterior atlantooccipital
membrane
Capsule of atlantooccipital
Atlas (C 1)--
Posterior atlantooccipital
:-,;::.;..---
Lateral atlantoaxial
Anterior longitudinal
joint
membrane
joint (opened
up)
ligament
Posterior view Posterior
atlantooccipital
membrane
Axis (C2)
Skull
Capsule of
Zygapophyseal
joint (C3-4)
membrane
Capsule of
ottontoocctpttot
joint
Posterior
atlantooccipital
membrane
Atlas (C 1)
Vertebral
artery
Ligamenta flavo---:r--;i-~t.i
Ligamenta
. .
.
Subocclpttol nerve (dorsal
ramus of Cl spinal nerve)
{r~';'
Body of axis (C2)
Intervertebral
discs (C2-3 and C3-4)
Zygapophyseal
Anterior tubercle
Spinous process
of C7 vertebra
(vertebra prominens)
joints (C4-5 and C5-6)

of C6 vertebra
Vertebral artery
Tl vertebra
Right lateral view
External craniocervical
ligaments
(carotid
tubercle)
flava
Upper part of vertebral canal with spinous processes

and parts of vertebral arches removed to expose
Ligaments on posterior vertebral bodies: Posterior View
Clivus (surface feature)
of basilar part of occipital bone
l--,--~~~
Capsule of.-.....
atlantooccipital
joint
~~.w
.-tft~
~~:;;;;~-
Tectorial membrane
__
Deeper (accessory)part of tectorial membrane

Posteriorlongitudinal lligament
Atlas (Cl)
Capsule of lateral
atlantoaxial joint
Axis(C2)_-~
Capsule of
Zygapophyseal
jOint
(C2-3)
Alar ligaments
Superior longitudinal band

Cl"
ruciate
Igamen:t
Transverseligament of atlas
{ Inferior longitudinal band
Deeper (accessory) part of tectorial membrane
Principal part .of Tectorial Membrane removed

to expose Deeper Ligaments: Posterior View
--Apical
Atlas (Cl)
~~:-ii;;~_Alar
..:-_-
ligament of dens
ligament
Posteriorarticular facet of dens (for transverse
ligament of atlas)
nterior tubercle of atlas
Ir~~~
~.~~,ynOVial
cavities
Axis (C2)
Cruciate ligament removed to show

Deepest ligaments: Posterior View
Transverseligament
of atlas
Median Atlantoaxial Joint: Superior View
Internal Craniocervical Ligaments
Scalp Subcutaneoustissue--------....,
~Epicranialaponeurosis(galea aponeurotica
Temporal facia
ObI r
I }orbital part
r ICU ens ocu I musc e lPalPebral part
Auricularis anterior muscle

Auricularis superior muscle
Auricularis posterior muscle
Frontalbelly (frontaliS)of epicranius muscle
Occipital belly
(occipitalis) of
epicranius muscle
Corrugator supercilii muscle (frontalis

and orbicularis oculi, partially cut away)
Levator labii superioris muscle

Levator labii superioris
alaeque nasi muscle
(partially cut away)----"'\.
Nasalis ~Transverse part
muscle l Alar part
Depressor septi
nasi muscle
Orbicularis oris muscle-_---!~_
Zygomaticus minor muscle
_,.>fiill:'-"y.~.
Zygomaticus major muscle

Orbicularis oris muscle
Mentalis muscle
Depressor labii inferioris muscle
Depressor anguli oris muscle
Buccinator muscle
Platysma muscle
Pectoralis major fascia
Muscles of Facial Expression - Lateral View
Investing layer of
(deep) cervical fascic
ANATOMY
Scalp-
\.A..
Skin and
subcutaneous tissue
Epicranial aponeurosis
(galea aponeurotica)
(cut to reveal skull)
Parietal emissary vein
Branches of
- superficial temporal
artery and vein
Middle temporal artery and vein

Zygomaticoorbital
artery
Transverse facial
artery and vein
Anterior
auricular
arteries
Supraorbital
artery and vein
Supratrochlear
artery and vein
Nasofrontal vein
Dorsal noscl
artery and vein
Mastoid emissary
vein and meningeal
branch of occipital
artery (posterior
meningeal artery)
Deep facial vein
(from pterygoid
plexus)
ccipital artery
and vein (cut)
Posterior auricular
artery and vein
Facial artery and vei
External jugular vein (cut)

Retromandibular vein
Internal jugular vein
Internal carotid artery
External carotid artery
Common carotid artery
Lingual artery and vein
Sources of arterial supply of face

Black: from internal carotid artery (via ophthalmic artery)
Red: from external carotid artery
Blood Supply of the Face
urlcular branch
of vagus nerve (X)
From ophthalmic division

of trigeminal nerve (V,)
SupKlorbltal nerve --
....
~
Supratrochlear nerve --
...
Medial branches
of dorsal rami
lof cervical spinal
nerves
Palpebral branch of
lacrimal nerve -------:~
Infratrochlear nerve --
.....
Greater occipital
nerve (C2)
External nasal branch of

anterior ethmoidal nerve
3rd occipital
nerve (C3)
From 4th. 5th.
6th and 7th
nerves In
succession
below
From maxillary division

of trigeminal nerve (V2)
Infraorbltal nerve --~~~~
Zygomaticofacial
nerve
--~:p.~~,.;:;:~~~~~Il ...
~
Zygomaticotemporal nerve
--+t'"'~~
Branches from
cervical plexus
Lesser occipital
nerve (C2. 3)
Great auricular
nerve (C2. 3)
From mandibular division

of trigeminal nerve (V3)
Mental nerve
Transverse cervlca
nerve (C2. 3)
Supraclavicular
nerves (C3. 4)
Buccal nerve ------Auriculotemporal
nerve -----
Ophthalmic nerve (V,)
Trigeminal
nerve (V)
Dorsal rami of
cervical spinal
nerves
---1--
Note: Auricular bran(

of vagus nerve to
external acoustic
meatus and small .
area on posteromed
surface of auricle
Maxillary nerve (V2)
-r-;----Branches
Mandibular nerve (V3)---,.----
from
cervical plexus
Cutaneous Nerves of the Head and Neck
ANATOMY
Superficial temporal artery and vein
and auriculotemporal nerve
Branches of facial nerve
Transversefacial artery
Accessory parotid gland
Buccinator muscle (cut)

Masseter muscle
lingual nerve
Submandibular ganglio
Tongue
Sternocleidomastoid muscle
Frenulum of tongue
Sublingual fold with openings
of sublingual ducts
Parotid gland
Sublingual caruncle with opening

of submandibular duct
Retromandibular
vein (anterior and
posterior branches)
Digastric muscle
(posterior belly)
--J>~ilJ-
Sublingual gland
Submandibular duct
External jugular vein

Common trunk receiving facial,
anterior branch of retromandibular,
and lingual veins
Mylohyoid muscle (cut)

Digastric muscle (anterior belly)
Submandibular gland
Facial artery and vein
Horizontal section in parotid gland

Medial pterygoid
muscle
Main trunk of facial nerve
Ramus of mandible
r;::?~~~~~~---Masseter muscle
Parotid gland
Temporofacial division
~-~
Posterior auricular nerve-
......
\
~'-
-Zygomatic
branches
Main trunk of facial nerve

Nerve to posterior belly
of digastrics muscle and
to stylohyoid muscle
Cervicofacial
~--Buccal
branches
division
Marginal mandibular branc
;:----,1----- Cervical
'A-.
Facial nerve branches In the Parotid gland
Salivary glands
branch
Temporal fascia
Superficial layer
Deep layer
Levator labii
superioris
alaeque nasi
muscle--""'I.
Zygomatic arch
Levator labii
superioris
muscle
Articular disc of
temporomandibular joi
Deep part
~ Masseter
Superficial part S muscle
Zygomatics
minor muscle
Zygomaticus
major muscleLevator
anguli
oris
muscle
...
...::::::.:.;
Buccinator muscle
Orbicularis
oris muscle--l~$Z~~
Mentalis
muscle
Depressor labii
inferiorismuscle
Depressor anguli
oris muscle
'Iemporclls muscle
Insertion of temporalis muscle to

coronoid process of mandible
Parotid duct
Buccinator muscle
Orbicularis oris muscl
Lateral pterygoid
muscle
Masseteric nerve
and artery
axillary artery
Insertion of
masseter muscle
Muscles involved in mastication
Articular disc of
temporomandibular joint
Articular tubercle----ti--f~~~~~
lateral pterygoid muscle -
Sphenomandibular ligamentMedial pterygoid rnuscle-c- __
JI":
~~~--.:~~
Parotid duCt--/~~A~Jt=---2~~
Buccinator muscle--"'~~:z!~~E
pterygomandibular raphe
Superiorpharyngeal constrictor muscl
lateral view
Choanae
Cartilaginc' .("oort of pharyngotympanic
(auditory) tu~.
Masseteric nerve
.~J~jh~"ll.I.:""-lateral
pterygOid plate
ddle meningeal artery

emporomandibular join
lateral ptervqold muscle
Masseteric artery----t'-:'
--Medial
Maxillary artery
pterygoid muscle
Inferioralveolar nerve
lingual nerve
Medial ptervqold muscle
Medial pterygoid plat
Tensorveli palatini muscle
pterygoid hamulus
levator veli palatini muscle
Nerve to mylohyoid
pterygoid hamulus
Posterior view
Muscles Involved in Mastication (continued)
Anterior division
Temporal fascia
and temporalis muscle
Lateral view
Posterior! Deep temporal nerves

Anterior ~
Foramen ovale
Masseteric nerve
Meningeal branch
lateral pterygoid
nerve and muscl
Foramen spinosum
Middle
meningeal arter
Auriculotemporal
nerve
Posterior
auricular nerve
Facial nerve (VII)
Chorda tympani
nerve
Buccal nerve
and buccinato
muscle (cut)
lingual nerve
Inferior alveolar nerve (cut)
Nerve to mylohyoid
Medial pterygoid muscle (cut)
Digastric muscle (posterior belly)
stvtonvoto muscle
Hypoglossal nerve
Submandibular gland
Inferior alveolar nerve (cut)
Sublingual nerve
Medial view
Trigeminal (semilunar)
ganglion
------~.....r--~~'1-_~..-!:I
Ophthalmic nerve
(\J....:l-~

----"~:-1"'-
t_~~~~~e~~~~rr~GeniCUlum
Tympanic cavity
~r--:~r4J~:.Elr;;.;-t-Chorda
'\\"~~~f---
Anterior division
tympani nerve
Facial nerve (VII)
Tensor tympani
muscle and nerve
Tensorveli palatini
nerve and muscle
lesser petrosal nerve
otic ganglion
Auriculotemporal
Chorda tympani nerve
nerve
Medial pterygoid
nerve and muscle (cut)
pterygoid hamulus
Inferior alveolar nerve entering

mandibular foramen
lingual nerve
Mandibular Nerve (V3)
AnteriOr} Deep temporal

Lateral pterygoid
artery and muscle
Supraorbital
artery_-.-
Supratrochlear
Posterior
Masseteric
arteries and nerves

artery and nerve
...
Lateral ligament of
temporomandibular
artery
Ophthalmic
artery -~
Middle menin eal arter

Auriculotemporal
nerve
...--iiiIiiiI~
Dorsal nasal artery

Angular artery
Infraorbital
Maxillary
-c..-
Posterior auricular artery

Facial nerve
~_~.,-
Inferior alveolar
artery and nerve
Buccal artery and nerve
Sphenomandibular
Medial pterygoid
artery and muscle
Digastric
Lingual nerve
External carotid
artery
Artery of pterygoid
~Uik-:g
(!!/'
Lingual artery
Pharyngeal
Posterior lateral nasal branch
artery
Facial artery
--==~....
Anterior } Dee temporal arteries

Posterior and nerv s
canal
artery
Sphenopalatine foramen
Middle meningeal
artery
Anterior tympanic artery

Deep auricular artery
uriculotemporal
nerve
artery
Posterior superior
alveolar artery
Sphenopalatine
muscle (posterior belly)
StylohYOid muscle
Facial artery----.l~~""'"'~~=-~..ft
Mental branch of
Submental artery
Infraorbital
ligament
MylohYOid nerve and branch

of inferior alveolar artery
raphe
Sphenopalatine
artery
Superficial temporal artery
artery - ...
Superior { Posterior
alveolarMiddle --+~'--;,
arteries
Anterior --..,..~-,
Pterygomandibular
joint
artery
Posterior septal branches

Descending palatine
artery in pterygopalatine fossa ---:~~----::f--~~""u..._..:;
Buccal artery
-~~--~~~fIIII7J~~-1M
Superficial
temporal artery
Ascending pho.vnqeol
artery
Ascending palatine :utery
Anastomsis in
incisive canal----_+.::
Left and right
greater palatine
Left and right
lesser palatine
arteries
Tonsillar branches
Tonsillar artery
arteries

Facial artery
Superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle
Pterygoid arteries
Masseteric artery
Inferior alveolar
artery
Styioglossus muscle
Maxillary artery
Communicating branch
Posterior ethmoidal nerve
Anterior ethmoidal nerve

Supraorbital nerve
Supratrochlear nerve
Long and short ciliary nerves
Lacrimal gland
Infratrochlear nerve
(from nasociliary nerve)
Cutaneous branch of
lacrimal nerve
Zygomaticotemporal
nerve
Zygomaticofacial
nerve
External
nasal
branch of
anterior
ethmoidal
nerve
Trigeminal
(semilunar) ganglion
Trigeminal
nerve (V)
-~--=::-~
~OZJ
(jJf
lr
Anterior superior
alveolar nerve
Mucous membrane
of maxillary sinus
Nerve (vidian) of pterygoid canal
Superior dental plexus
Pterygopalatine ganglion
Infraorbital nerve entering

infraorbital canal
Greater and lesser palatine nerves

Ganglionic branches to pterygopalatine
ganglion
Posterior superior alveolar nerve
Ophthalmic (vl) and Maxillary(V2)
Lateral, slightly inferior view

Hyoglossus muscle
Mylohyoid muscle
Fibrousloop for intermediate digastric tendon
Mastoid
process
Styloid process
Digastric muscle
(posterior belly)
Stylohyoid muscle
Median raphe between mylohyoid muscles
Anteroinferior
view
Greater horn~
lesser horn
Hyoid bone
'Body
Thyrohyoid muscle
Omohyoid muscle
Sternohyoid muscle
Mylohyoid muscle
Stylohyoid muscle
Digastric muscle (posterior belly)
/7f'7""';
~Uik:9
~'
Fibrous loop for intermediate digastric tendon
Posterosuperior view
Inferior alveolar nerve and artery
~oI......-.
Mylohyoid nerve and artery

Submandibular gland and duct
--.lL.......
Mylohyoid muscle,-_.......:
Geniohyoid muscle --Hyoid bone
lesser horn
Body-------f
Greater horn
Floor of Mouth
Hyoglossus
muscle (cut)
Parotid gland
(cut)
Masseter muscle
Submandibular
gland
Hyoglossus muscle
Mastoid
process
Body of
mandibl
Digastric muscle
(posterior belly)
Middle pharyngeal
constrictor muscle
Longus capitis
Digastric
muscle
(anterior
belly)
muscle
Splenius muscle
----~~L.
Sternocleidomastoid
muscle .......
~"'~:-<T""'.._..Jh~----
7it-~lf;lr----Posterior
Scalene muscles { Middle
Anterior
Hyoid bone
Thyrohyoid
Omohyoid muscle
(superior belly)
Sternohyoid
Brachial
muscle
muscle
plexus
Inferior phyarynge
constrictor muscle
Omohyoid
muscle (inferior
belly
Sterna I head}
.
.
. I h
d Sternocleidomastoid
Cl ovicu
or ea
Pectoralis
major muscle
Muscles of neck - Lateral View
muscle

Masseter muscle
Submandibular gland
Fibrous loop for
intermediate
digastric tendon
Stylohyoid muscle
Digastric muscle
(posterior belly)
Carotid sheath
Fascia of infra hyoid

muscles and cut edge
Thyroid carilage
---~~~..:3
_---
Thyrohyoid muscle
----
Omohyoid muscle
(superior belly)
Sternohyoid muscle
Investing layer of (deep)

cervical facia and cut edge
Sternothyroid muscle
Scalene muscles
Cricoid
. cartilage--~i'r-~
Trapezius muscle
Omohyoid muscle
(inferior belly)
Pretracheal layer of
(deep) cervical fascia over
thyroid gland and trachea
Suprasternal space
Manubrium of sternum
Clavicular head} Sternocleidomastoid

Sterna I head muscle
Jugular notch
Muscles of Neck- anterior view

vs
aD
NEC~
~ S
Right anterior dissection

Thyroid gland
(reflected)
Internal jugular vein----+-tt,-1il
--r-i
Common carotid artery __

Ascending cervical
artery -
__
Middle cervical
sympathetic ganglion
..,.;.._
Phrenic nerve --~f---::~,f+:;-~~1

Anterior scalene muscle
!"T!'-t--Vagus
_---~~~'r~t
nerve (X)
Vertebral artery
Inferior thyroid artery

Common carotid arter
Transverse cervical artery
~-.....;=--=iTf7-- Recurrent laryngeal

~ .,Costocervical
u....;._-,
nerve
=-lt~=f~a.--BrachiocePhalic
trunk
Thyrocervical trunk
trunk

(cut)
Subclavian artery and vein
Right lateral schematic
view
/
;'
;'
Vertebral artery

Ascending cervical
artery

Costocervical
_....:.~~_--
trunk
1-----
Supreme intercostal
artery
Transverse cervical
artery

Thyrocervical
,~~~r--~---Suprascapular
--~r-----_
trunk
artery
Subclavian artery
(1st part medial to,
2nd part posterior to,
3rd part lateral to
anterior scalene muscle)
2nd posterior
intercostal
artery ---1rf-~~U~
Internal thoracic
.---1.\.
Subclavian Artery
artery
Parotid space
(bed) : right lateral
dissection
Superficial temporal artery

Maxillary artery
Mastoid process--.......J~_~~~_
Styloid process
---~~;-..:.....--lB...J.
Facial nerve (VII)(cut) ---T-~~r'""'!-"';"''-:~
Stylohyoid muscle
Sternocleidomastoid muscle (cut)-~...:.:!..~~
. Hypoglossal nerve (XII)
Digastric muscle (posterior belly) (cut),~~~Wl

Occipital artery and
sternocleidomastoid branch
Accessory nerve (Xl )-
---"':"'_"'---T
lingual artery
~~""n n~
-..::--~
.
. ~Superior root
Anse cervlcolls {Inferior root ---
__
Mylohyoid muscle
~.;;i~nrl;r-Hyoglossusmuscle
...-:!:~::.:tl
_Digastric muscle
(anterior belly)
Hyoid bone
Vagus nerve (X)---..JI--!.--1.~l\

...,;::"i-
Ascending pharyngeal artery

Carotid branch of glossopharyngeal
nerve (IX) and carotid body
Branch to
thyrohyoid muscle
(from ansa cervicalis)
Superior laryngeal artery
Superior thyroid artery

Superficial temporal artery-~.lM.!+J~1
Maxillary artery
Digastric mUSC~lee
~
(phantom) ---/"
"'~L-I~------Posterior
Occipital artery
Descending branch
~"!I.~
auricular artery
~1OQo-",#~--Facial
~--"';;;;;;;"""---lingual
artery
artery
Ascending pharyngeal artery

Superior thyroid artery and

superior laryngeal branch
Omohyoid muscle (phantom)
External carotid branches:

schema
Thyrocervical trunk
Carotid Arteries
From
{SUpraorbital artery
ophthalmic
artery
Supratrochlear artery
Middle meningeal artery
Deep tem pora I artery
Dorsal nasal artery
Masseteric artery
Angular artery _ .--....1.\
Infraobital artery
--II.'t-'W
Sphenopalatine artery --~
~~~-~
descending palatine artery--+~~~

Posterior superior ~..-,~.:;:~:::s::::::.s~
alveolar artery
1 """"'!;05
Superficial
temporal artery
Superior labial artery--I,,..
Maxillary artery
Buccal artery
Posterior auricular artery
Buccinator muscle
and parotid duct (cut)
Ascending pharyngeal
Inferior labial artery
arter
Occipital artery and

Superior pharyngeal
constrictor muscle
Glossopharyngeal
nerve (IX)
Ascending palatine artery
Mental branch of
Tonsillar artery
Inferior alveolar artery

and lingual branch
Facial artery
Lingual artery
Facial artery
Ascending pharyngeal
Submental artery
arte
Mylohyoid branch of
Vagus nerve (X)

Superior cervical
cardiac nerve
Submandibular gland
Hypoglossal ~erve (XII)
Suprahyoid artery
Sympathetic trunk

Middle scalene muscle
Ascending cervical arte
Superior thyroid arter,Y
Cricothyroid artery
Vertebral artery
_-r4-.z!,-:ar-1~
Inferior thyroid ortef

Transverse cervical arte
Suprascapular arterY,
Costocervical trunk
Subclavian artery-~I.-~~-.=l~w7~
Arteries of the Head and Neck
External carotid artery - ......

~
Internal carotid artery--~
~~-:.~~Z1~~~~t=
-,.",,-.f"----.
Hyoid bone
~is:~~r::;"'"~~~!ll.~~==~Superior
~
Superior thyroid and vein __
laryngeal nerve
Internal branch
External branch
n'
_~Ulrl,tXfl:i:l-_ThyrOid
cartilage (lamina)
Median cricothyroid
ligament
Thyroid membrane
Ansa
{ Superior root
cervicalis - Inferior root
j.J.IIL---
L----Cricoid
cartilage
Pyramidal iobe
(often absent
.Thyroid
or small)
Right lobe
gland
left lobe
Isthmus
~_
Pretracheal lymph
nodes
Phrenic nerve

Internal jugular vein-~""~
Middle thyroid vein
Inferior thyroid veins
Ascending cervical artery
Inferior thyroid artery--
Cricothyroid muscles
...
Transversecervical artery--c:::c~
Suprascapular artery---w~
~-
Vagus nerve (X)

Anterior jugular vein
1st rib (cut)
Vagus nerve (X)
left recurrent laryngeal nerve
Right recurrent
laryngeal nerve
Brachiocephalic trunk
Brachiocephalic veins
Superior vena cava
Thyroid cartilage
Cricothyroid ligament
Medial margin of
sternocleidomastoid
muscle!---+- __
Cricothyroid muscle -----1t--- ....

~
Cricoid cartilage
Thyroid gland ~~--?:....---p
Cupula (dome) of pleura
----...,.c:;.
Trachea---~~:::=J
Thyroid Gland : Anterior view
3e
Superior pharyngeal
constrictor muscle

Middle pharyngeal
constrictor muscle-1ri:tf+n~r,......t-.-.;;:;~
Facial artery
Tip of greater horn

of hyoid bone _--+--If1~~~
Inferior pharyngeal
constrictor muscle
Lingual artery
.,-r":'it-__
'_1".1.-
Pharyngeal raphe
Zone of sparse
muscle fibers

Cricopharyngeus
muscle (part of inferior
pharyngeal constrictor
Vagus nerve (X)
Circular esophageal
muscle in V-shaped
area of sparse
longitudinal muscle
fibers (area of laimer)\t~~~~~~'~~~1
Longitudinal
esophageal muscle
Superior laryngeal nerve

Internal branch
External branch

Thyroid gland
(right lobe)
Superior parathyroid gland
Inferior thyroid vein

Inferior parathyroid gland
"I~---Inferior
Inferior bulb of
internal jugular vein
Vertebral artery
Left subclavian
artery and vei
thyroid artery
Right recurrent laryngeal nerv

~~--Transverse
cervical artery
Suprascapular artery
Thyrocervical trunk
Internal thoracic
artery and vein
Right subclavian
artery and vein
Right brachiocephalic vein
Brachiocephalic trunk
Arch of aorta
Left vagus nerve (X)---1r-----.lU
Right vagus nerve (X)
s-
Thyroid Gland and Pharynx: Posterior View
MINI
ATLAS OF
ANATOMY
NEC~
rohyoid membrane
Posterior view
Hyoid bone
Superior laryngeal nerve

Internal branch :---4!~~~.
External branch

Ii5,r;-,;H~4---Superior laryngeal orter

Inferior pharyngeal
constrictor muscle (cut)
Epiglottis

Fibrous capsule of
thyroid gland (cut)
Cricopharyngeus muscle
(part of inferior pharyngeal
constrictor)
Superior parathyroid glanc

Common carotid arteryFibrous capsule of
thyroid gland (cut) __
~~:':''\".':'
Superior parathyroid gland-"--7~~..Jl..::.

left lobe of thyroid gland
Right lobe of thyroid glanc
---=-~~ __
Inferior parathyroid gland

(may be more caudally locate
even within mediastinum)

Inferior parathyoid gland ----Hk~~~
Recurrent laryngeal nerve- __
ecurrent laryngeal nerv

ransverse cervical orterv
~~~~_-.J:"
~ __ -Suprascapular
Esophagus----~~~~~--~~
artery
Thyrocervical trunk
Vertebral artery
Subclavian artery-~~1]~:~~~~~)~~~~=~~
Trachea -
Right lateral view
Brachiocephalic
~DI~~r~"'l-----lnternal

Inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle
Superior parathyroid gland
Thyroid gland (right lobe)

(retracted anteriorly)
Inferior parathyroid glan
Esophogus
branch of
superior laryngeal nerve
External branch of
Superior thyroid artery (cut)
Recurrent laryngeal nerve --.Hir
trunk
rfjJikXJ
Parathyroid Glands
Ophthalmic vein
Angular vein
~--Superior
sagittal sinus
--+-~J
1f'.,......--;....--...:.i!I~...4--Superficial
Cavernous---~~~~~~-pJ
sinus
Pterygoid
plexus
lingual vein
temporal veins
;;iii-~~~~y--Transverse
--~~~----
sinus
Superficial temporal
vein
-----1~---~~=~~~~
Facial vein
.\~~~----
Superior
thyroid vein
Anterior
jugular vein
4--
Deep
cervical vein
EXfernal'~\
\lugular vein)
..
;.;.;.:.ilf.
~===~-- Vertebral
Internal ---+:.;;,:..;:';':;
jugular vein ~
Jugular
venous arch
left brachio- ---~~~+'JjIiE
cephalic vein
Angular vein
1:oC~-
Occipital vein
Posterior auricular vein

Superficial temporal vein
~-+--- Jugulofacial
~-Anterior
jugular vein
Right brachio- --+r

cephalic vein

Jugulosubclavian
venous junction ---""""","'"
venous junction
~--Right
subclavian vein
Princiocl Venous trunks in the Neck
vein
Supratrochlear
vein
Supraorbital vein
--:H"--II
Nasofrontal vein --+H~

Superior ophthalmic
vein
Angular vein
External nasal vein -~~
1~~t::;~~~
Emissaryvein (Vesalius)
communicating with
cavernous sinus
Infra orbital vein _.-If:o.-,;r.
ccipital vein
and artery
Posterior superior
alveolar veins
Palatine vein
Pterygoid Plexus:
~~~~~il~~!
Superior labial vein

Deep facial vein ........-4e:iii_~~~='\."sIII
uperficial temporal
vein and artery
Transversefacial vein (cut)
ostromandibular vein
,.---
,Retromandibular vei
tanterior and]
~ste[io[ branches~
(xternal jugular vein (cut~
Inferior alveolar vein and artery
Maxillary veins
--
Inferior labial vein

Mental vein
Occipital vein and artery
facial vein and ar e~-.....;

external palatine vein
Submental vein

Common trunk receiving
facial, anterior branch of
retromandibular, and
lingual veins
Submandibular gland
Vena comitans of
hypoglossal nerve
Dorsal lingual vein coursing
medial to hyoglossus muscle

Lingual vein
Communication to anteior jugular vein (cut)
Superior laryngeal
vein
Vagus nerve (X)and

sympathetic trunk
nterior scalene muscle
Superior thyroid vein

Thyroid gland
Middle thyroid vein
Inferior thyroid veins
Termination of anterior jugular
vein (cut)
--~L.'
left brachiocephalic
vein
Transversecervical
vein (cut)
uprascapular vein (cut)
Subclavian artery
~~:ljrJr- Subclavian vein
Veins of Oral and Pharyngeal Regions
Inferior longitudinal
Palatopharyngeus
muscle
Palatoglossus muscle
muscle of tongue
Mastoid process
Digastric muscle (posterior
belly) (cut)
Styloid process
Pharyngobasilar fascia
Superior pharyngeal constrictor musel
Stylohyoid ligament
Styloglossus muscle
Glossophoryngeal part of superior
pharyngeal constrictor
Stylopharyngeus muscle
Stylohyoid muscle
Middle pharyngeal
constrictor muscle
Digastric muscle (posterior belly) (Cut)

Hyoglossus muscle
Intermediate tendon of digastric muscle (cut)
Fibrous loop for intermediate digastric tendon
Mylohyoid muscle (cut)

Geniohyoid muscle
rfJ!Iik--:<J
Hyoid bone
Superior pharyngeal
constrictor muscle
\'
Submandibular ganglio
J
Deep lingual artery

and venae comitantes
/StYloglossus
V~
muscle
Stylohyoid ligament
Hyoglossus muscle (cut)
lingual orterv
Artery to frenulum

Facial vein
Submandibular duct
Common trunk for facio

retromandibular and
lingual veins
Suprahyoid artery
Sublingual artery and vein
lingual vein
Hyoid bone
Dorsal lingual artery and vein
Hypoglossal nerve
Vena comitans of hypoglossal nerve
Tongue
NECK!
MINI ATLAS OF
ANATOMY
Parotid gland
Facial artery and vein
Submandibular gland
Mylohyoid muscle
2:;~~~~~!t
Hypoglossal nerve (XII"""=NMI

Digastric muscl_e__
(anterior belly)
~tr::""'''-..,
Lingual artery
External carotid
artery
Internal carotid
artery
Thyrohyoid muscle
Omohyoid muscle (superior belly) (cut)
.
. {Superior root
Ansa cervlcolts Inferior root
Sternohyoid
muscle
Sternothyroid
muscle

Common carotid
artery

Vagus nerve (X)
Vertebral artery
Thyrocervical
trunk:
Subclavian artery and vein

Togeniohyoid muscl
Tothyrohyoid muscle
Communication to vagus nerve
Transverse cervical
nerves
Toomohyoid muscle (superior belly)

Ansa cervicalis
~~:::::::::=:::::::::::~~---To
Sup~rior root
llnfenor root
longus capitis and

longus colli muscles
To sternothyroid muscle
To sternohyoid muscle
Toomohyoid muscle (inferior belly)
Supraclavicular
nerves -...oIii~..u..;~
Cervical plexus in situ
To scalene and levatc

scapulae muscles
Pharyngobasilar fascia
Tensor veli palatini muscle
lateral pterygoid plate
Pterygoid hamulus
Buccinator muscle (cut)
Pterygomandibular
raphe
Digastric muscle
(posterior belly) (cut)
Styloid process
Superior pharyngeal
constrictor muscle
Styloglossus muscle
Oblique line
of mandible
Stylohyoid ligament
Stylopharyngeus
muscle
Middle pharyngeal
constrictor muscle
Hyoglossus muscle
Greater horn of hyoid bone
Superior horn of thyroid cartilage

Mylohyoid muscle
Hyoid bone
Thyrohyoid membrane
nferior pharyngeal
constrictor muscle
Tendinous arch
Stylohyoid muscle (cut)

Zone of sparse muscle fibers
Thyroid cartilage
Median cricothyroid
ligament
ricopharyngeus muscle
(part of inferior pharyngeal
Cricothyroid muscle
Cricoid cartilage
Esophagus
Muscles of Pharynx: Lateral View
constrictor
Medial pterygoid
Cartilaginous
plate
part of pharyngotympanic
Tensor veli palatini

Pharyngobasilar
levator
(auditory) tube
muscle
fascia
veli palatini
muscle
Palatine aponeurosis and tendon of

tensor veli palatini muscle
.-:.-~r--Pharyngeal
tubercle (basilar part of occipital bone)
~7'J~
~(i~~~~_
Pharyngeal raphe
'1Ir-ff::Pr-:H-lI---Anterior
longitudinal ligament
membrane
Apical ligament of dens
~~I'J~~I/)~W~[=
Salpingopharyngeus
muscle
Muscles of soft palate

Palatopharyngeal
sphincter (assavant's ridge)
1~:::~~~'2~~~I~~~~~~tj!~~t~=
!
Pterygoid hamulus

Pterygomandibular raphe
Palatopharyngeus muscle
Buccinator muscle
~---===l~-Glossopharyngeal
part of
t~~~il:~i~~:::g~-'-I
superior pharyngeal
constrictor
Stylohyoid ligament
Styloglossus muscle
Middle pncrvnqeol
constrictor muscle
H-~.-....:a.o.""-+:t-- Fibers to pharyngoepiglottic
fold
ItH~I.!:J-':~"""=:T-++-- Buccopharyngeal fascia and

retropharyngeal
Hyoglossus
muscle
Geniohyoid
muscle
Mylohyoid
muscle
Hyoid bone
Thyrohyoid
membrane
Thyroid cartilage
Median
cricothyroid ligament
Corniculate and
arytenoid cartilages
Cricoid cartilage
space
Prevertebral fascia and anterior

longitudinal ligament
Internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve
Longitudinal pharyngeal muscles
Inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle
Pharyngeal aponeurosis
Cricopharyngeus muscle
(part of inferior pharyngeal constrictor)
~C'ljlr::-~.z...p.._
Cricoid attachment of longitudinal
esophageal muscle
.....
~~i-A~T.t--
...
=.,....;;---:-'tt'r-
Circular esophageal muscle

Longitudinal esophageal muscle
Trachea
Muscles of Pharynx: Median (Sagittal) Section
38
Pharyngeal
tonsil
Cartilaginous part
of pharyngotympanic
(auditory) tube
Styloid
process
Digastric
muscle
(posterior
belly)
Stylohyoid
muscle ---":"'--:J
II.~:';;:~:::----'!;f1""'----Levtor
veli
palatini muscle
Stylopha ryngeus
muscle-----:-
-ot-_
Accessory muscle
bundle from
petrous part of
temporal bone
Medial
pterygoid
Salpingopharyngeus
muscle
-- --
Uvule
Palatopharyngeus
muscle
---
Pharyngobasilar
Superior pharyngeal
constrictor muscle
muscle
Middle pharyngeal
constrictor muscle
fascia
Pharyngeal raphe
Superior pharyngeal
constrictor muscle
Pharyngoepiglottic
F'7;:t1tft~~~~-
Hyoid bone (tip of greater horn)

Middle pharyngeal
constrictor
nferior pharyngeal
constrictor muscle (cut edge)
muscle
constrictor
Longitudinal
Internal branch of
(Transverse and oblique

arytenoid muscles
Pharyngeal
muscle
Cricopharyngeal
muscle (part of
inferior pharyngeal constrictor)
Longitudinal
esophageal
muscles
Thyrohyoid membrane
tubercle
Posterior cricoarytenoid
pharyngeal
Superior horn of
thyroid cartilage
muscle
Cuneiform tubercle
Corniculate
fold
NIT-
Epiglottis
Inferior pharyngeal
Aryepiglottic
fold
muscle
aponeurosis
Cricopharyngeus
muscle (part of
inferior pharyngeal constrictor)
Posterior border of thyroid cartilage
Cricoid attachment of longitudinal
esophageal muscle
Circular esophageal
muscle
lamina
MINI
ATLAS
OF
'X..,.
ANATOMY
. NECK~
Base of skull (basilar part of occipital bone)
1/ ~ /
Pharyngeal tonsil
~~fa=~~~~.
%!
~V
'" .
-~-._~
Styloid process
- Nasal septum
~[J:-~-1'-- Torustubarius
u:!a.I~
__
Nasopharynx
-r--Pharyngeal
opening
of pharyngotympanic
(auditory) tube
Pharyngeal recess
Parotid gland
Toruslevatorius (fold)
caused by levator
veli palatini muscle)
Salpingopharyngeal
fold
Soft palate
Angle of mandible
Submandibular gland
Uvula
Palatine tonsil
Oropharynx
Root of tongue
Palatopharyngeal
arch
Prominence caused by greater horn

of hyoid bone
Epiglottis
Laryngeal inlet (aditus)
Prominence caused by superior horn
of thyroid cartilage
Aryepiglottic fold
Piriform fossa
Laryngopharynx
Cuneiform tubercle
----------------
Fold over internal branch

of superior laryngeal nerve
Corniculate tubercle
Interarytenoid notch
Prominence over lamina
of cricoid cartilage
Esophagus
Pharynx: Opened PosteriorView
Zygomaticotemporal nerve (V2)

Deep temporal nerves (V3)
Masseteric nerve (V3)
Nerve to medial pterygoid and
tensor veli palatini muscles (V3)(cut
Zygomaticofacial
nerve (V2)
-:~;~;i~~~
Infraorbital nerve (V2)

Pterygopalatine ganglion .
Greater and lesser
palatine nerves (V2)----1t-"-fr'--::
Anterior, middle and posterio
superior alveolar nerves (V2)
Nerve to lateral pterygoid
muscle (V3)(cut) --"""T"II
Buccal nerve (V3)~~:'r.=:.
------~!~~~~~~i
Chorda tympani nerve (V1I)?:~~Ji:

Lingual nerve (V3)~~~
Medial pterygoid muscle (cu
(lateral pterygoid removed)
Inferior alveolar
nerve (V3)
Pharyngeal plexus composed of

branches from glossopharyngeal
(IX), vagus (X) and sympathetic
nerves
Mental nerve (V3)

Nerve to mylohyoid (V3)
Submandibular ganglion
and tonsillar branch --Hypoglossal nerve (XII)
Carotid nerve (IX) and carotid body
Nerve to thyrohyoid muscle (C1, 2 via XII)
Internal and external branches
of superior laryngeal nerve (X)
..
[ Superior roof
Ansa cervlcolls (Cl, 2, 3) If'
t
n enor roo
Nerves to superior and inferior bellies of omohyoid,
sternohyoid and sternothyroid muscles (ansa cervica~lis!L)
~~~
Recurrent laryngeal nerve (X)
Sympathetic trunk and middle cervical ganglion
Vertebral artery----I-
Auriculotemporal
nerve (V)
Middle meningeal orten
Superficial temporal
artery (cut)
Facial nerve (VII) (cut)
Maxillary artery
Accesssory nerve (XI) (cut)
1 spinal nerve
(ventral ramus) (cut)
2 spinal nerve
:-..--+-~~

Vagus nerve (X) and superior
cervical cardiac branch
C4 spinal nerve
Phrenic nerve (C3, 4, 5)
Brachial plexus (cut)
Thyrocervical trunk
"~"'Il.._
Subclavian artery
Nerves of Oral and Pharyngeal Regions
-------"------17-
Philtrumof lip
Soft palate
Palatopharyngeal arch
Uvula
::=-_--7:'.--
-----i----
Palatoglossal arch
Palatine tonsil
------4~-_
Posteriorwall of pharynx
Frenulum of upper lip
-":"'--::::::::='~~"---:-=-'
Lingual minor salivary gland

Deep lingual artery and veins
and lingual nerve
Fimbriated fold
Submandibular duct
Sublingual gland
Frenulum of tongue
Sublingual fold with openings
of sublingual ducts -----....
.....;:..::;..:.i!o-Sublingual caruncle with opening
:>--~:::5.-_I~
of submandibular duct
Frenulumof lower IiP-\""':=t--_":':::.......-J
Parotid papilla with

opening of parotid duct
Inspection of Oral Cavity
haryngeal opening of
pharyngofympanic
(auditory) tube
Sphenooccipital
synchondrosis
Nasopharynx
Pharyngeal
tonsil
Pharyngeal
tubercle
Pharyngeal
of occipital
raphe
Anterior longitudinal
Soft palate
ligament
nterior atlantooccipital
Palatine glands
Apical
Hard palate
Palatine tonsil
__ ~
Oropharynx
lingual tonsil
Genioglossus
muscle
membrane
ligament
Oral cavity
Body of tongue
bone
of dens
Anterior
arch of
atlas (Cl
vertebra)
Dens of
axis (C2
vertebra)
Pharyngeal
constrictor
muscles
~~~~----Buccopharyngeal
fascia
-rr.~~~--Retropharyngeal
space
Prevertebral
fascia and
anterior
longitudinal
ligament
Vertebral
bodies
==~~~~~~!!~~~~I~~~
Geniohyoid
muscle
Hyoid
bon~:
Hyoepiglottic
ligament
Thyrohyoid membrane
Laryngopharynx
Laryngeal inlet (aditus)
Thyroid cartilage
Transverse arytenoid
muscle
Cricoid cartilage
Trachea
Esophageal muscles
Thyroid gland
Investing layer of (deep) cervical fascia
Pretracheal fascia
Suprasternal space
Manubrium of sternum -~~-r.:::I"
Pharynx: Median Section
ANATOMY
NEC~
Sphenoidal sinus
Pharyngeal tonsil
Torustubarius
Pharyngealtubercle (basilarpart of occipital bone)
Pharyngealraphe
Pharyngeal
openingof pharyngotympanic
(auditory)tul
Hard palate
Pharyngeal recess
m...::"--'!IIm7o-\ ...-....,-_
Salpingopharyngeal fold
~~It"--Soft
palate
1~::=~===~P.H~::1~:'-IPalatine
glands
~~~;:::=--';:':"':.;......::.:--;~
Uvula
~~~~ftr~ttitil~ii~~tr~=semilunar
fold
~
Supratonsillarfossa
Palatinetonsil
alatopharyngeal aech
.~+-:":"i-"":+-+~H~:r-:---;+--Palatoglossal
arch
~~~#'1ffr::;-:::rltr-
~~~~t-~f:~~~~:::,oroPharynX
..
'ft.,-.-a-.:-ilr:o---~~~~~:"-~-Tongue
Triangularfold
(drawnforward and downward)
;"'ili-~--ti+:lH~ff:""---Lingual
tonsil
Epiglottis
~~Vallecula
~_~m-:rr-----:
Pharyngeal mucosa removed .

Cartilaginous part of pharyngotympanic (auditory) tube
Medial pterygoid plate ~ __
Tensorveli palatini muscle and tendon
~-_1'
levator veli palatini muscl~=cS!~~~i~~~~

Ascending palatine artery
Pharyngeal branch of ascending pharyngeal artery
lesser palatine arterY'--t::~_~~_
Salpingopharyngeus muscle --,jr.....;;..;...o:.-,;.;....--tllil
Pterygoid hamulus
_~------1r
raPhe-:3~~~~~t~i~~~~I~i~~~~~~;l~f
TonsillarbranchPterygomandibular
of lesser palatine artery
Tonsillarbranch of ascending pharyngeal artery
Palatopharyngeus muscle
Tonsillarbranch of ascending palatine artery
Tonsillarbranch of facial artery
Tonsillarbranch of dorsal lingual artery
Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) and tonsillar branch
Stylohyoid ligament
--"Zf,~.......a:
Hyoglossusmuscle::~E~~~~S;
Middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle
Fcuces
,.....
......
""u,
Permanent
Deciduous
(primary)
Usual age of
eruption
(colored blue)
Usual age of
eruption
Central incisor (7th year)

Lateral incisor (8th year)
r=---.....;...--~~=-~~=t...--
Central incisor
(8-10 months
Lateral incisor
(8-10 months)
Canine (cuspid)
(16-20 months)
1st molar
(15-21months)
2nd molar
(20-24 months)
) (11th - 12th year
::~t-..!...;;.,.;2.
1st premolar (9th year)

2nd premolar (10th year)
1st molar (6th year)
2nd molar (12th year)
3rd molars (17th - 25th year)
2nd molar (l2th - 13th yaer)

~,..-.1 st molar (6th year)
:I!~~~.J-I- __
~~~llii~~~~~~~~~~l
~
2nd premolar (10th year)

anine
(cuspid)(9th
(11th
- 12th year)
st premolar
year)
Lateral incisor (8th year)
central incisor (7th year)
Incisive fossa
Horizontal
plate of
palatine
bon
Greater and lesser

palatine foramina
Upper permanent teeth
Teeth
Lower permanent teeth
Ename
Dentine and dentinal tubules
1'Z~_---+-\-__
Crown
--lnterglobular
fij~~-!--"\__ -~~~~#i!J;!Il::;t=~;:==-lnterproXimal
Odontoblast
layer
spaces
Dental pulp containing
and nerves
Gingival
Neck
spaces
(gum) epithelium
vessels
(stratified)
Gingival groove
Lamina propria of gingiva (gum)
(mandibular or maxillary periosteum)
Periodontium
(alveolar periosteum)
Papilla
Cement
Root
Root (central) canals

containing vessels and nerves
Bone
Apical foramina
..
..
Left upper
permanent
teeth:
labiobuccal
view
Left lower
permanent
teeth:
labiobuccal
view
Central
Lateral
Incisors
Canines
(cuspids)
Premolars
Teeth (continued)
Molars
Coronal dissection
Diploic veins
Superior sagittal sinus

Emissary vein
Frontal and parietal tributaries
of superficial temporal vein
Frontal and parietal branches
of superficial temporal arter
Granular foveola
(indentation of skull by
arachnoid granulation)
Lateral (venous) lacuna
Arachnoid granulation
cerebroi vein penetrates subdural space to enter
SinUS
Dura mater (periosteal and meningeal layers)

Dura-skull interface (site of epidural
hematoma)
Arachnoid
Subarachnoid space
Pia mater
Middle meningeal
_artery and vein
Deep,
middle and
superficial
temporal
arteries
and veins
'.
Superior thalamostriate and

choroidal veins, internal cerebral
veins and choroid plexus of
lateral ventrisle
Diploic and emissary

veins of skull
Frontal siploic vein
Parietal emissary vein

Posterior temporal
diploic vein
--~-~~4i~\Y~!I~tl'i:_(rf::'~;.~~~~~~~~~~~~~li
p- __
---f--7-:"'i:::
Anterior tempo__
r..:a~1
diploic vein -
Occipital emissary
vein
Occipital diploic veil

Mastoid emissary vein
Meninges and Diploic Veins
Frontal (anterior) and parietal

(posterior) branches of
middle meningeal artery~ta~;;~fZ~'~
Middle
meningeal
artery
Anterior
meningeal
branch of
anterior
ethmoidal
artery
Arachnoid granulations
Opening of superior
cerebral vein
:~~~~~~-Lateral
(venous)
lacuna
Superior sagittal
sinus
Dura mater
~~Mastoid
branch of
occipital artery
Meningeal branches of
ascending pharyngeal
artery
Mastoid branch
of occipital artery
Recurrent meningeal branch----.....:;:'.!L.:.

of lacrimal (ophthalmic) artery
Anterior meningeal branch of
anterior ethmoidal artery
Posteriorethmoidal artery
Internal carotid artery and its
meningohypophyseal trunk
Middle meningeal artewryv-.,.a~
Accessory meningeal
artery Superficial
Maxillary artery
temporal ~r~te~ry~~~~~~~;ri.~'~~
Posteriorauricular
artery Occipital
artery
External carotid
artery
----t~rf:fi~~~#_.J-.UJ
MENINGES AND Meningeal
/._/Anterior and
,.!!/ posterior
~
meningeal
~~r
branches of
vertebral artery
Tentorial, cavernous sinusand
meningeal branches of
meningohypophyseal trunk
arteries
Great cerebral
vein (Galen)
Sagittal section
Superior
Straight
Tentorium
sagittal
sinus
sinus
cerebelli
.~.'"
Inferior
sagittal
Sphenoparietal
Anterior
and
sinus
,.'
sinus
posterior
~~2~~~~~~
intercavernous
sinuses
Superior petrosal sinus
:4
Basilar venous
Inferior
plexus
petrosal
sinus
To jugular
fora men
Sigmoid
si us
Transverse
sinus
Occipital
Skull sectioned horizontally:

superior
Falx cerebelli
Confluence
of sinuses
view
Superior
sagittal
sinus (cut
Falx cerebri
(cut)
Superior
ophthalmic
veinr
Anterior and posterior
"
intercavenous sinuses -Superficial middle
cerebral vein (cut)
Cavemous sinus
Basilar venous plexus
Superior petrosal sinus
Inferior petrosal sinus
Tentorial artery.
Tentorium cerebelli
Inferior cerebral
sinus
vein (cut)_-~
Transverse sinus
Inferior sagittal sinus (cut) ~--,

Straight sinus
Falx cerebri (cut)
Confluence of sinuses--~~
Superior sagittal sinus (cut)
Cavenous
Oculomotor
~~~~
Hypophysis (pituitary gland)

Optic nerve (11)
Intemal carotid artery
culomotor nerve (Ill)
t.
Sphenoparietal
sinus
Trochlear nerve (IV)
Ophthalmic
nerve (Vl)
Trigeminal ganglion
Abducent nerve (VI)
Petrosal vein
iiC:::::::::~~Facial
nerve (VIII). intermediate
vestibulocochlear
nerve (VIII)
:-Glossoparyngeal
(IX) and
vagus (X) nerves
Jugular foramen
Sigmoid sinus (Continuation of
transverse sinus)
Transverse sinus
Accessory nerve (XI)
Great cerebral vein (Galen)
sinus
Optic chiasma
Posterior communicating
nerve (Ill)

Abducent
OphthalmiC
Maxillary
Intermal carotid
artery
artery
nerve (VI)
nerve (Vl)
____
- Hypophysis (pituitary
nerve (V2)
~....--Sphenoidal
Coronal section through

cavernous sinus
.c.~.....
-Nasopharynx
Dural Venous sinuses
49
nerve a
sinus
gland)
_:.t,;t.-~---Fax
cerebri
Cribriform plate of ethmoid bone

Sphenoidal sinus
Sella trucica
Lateral process of
septal nasal cartilage
Major
alar cartilage
Anterior nasal spine
Oral cavity
Frontal bone
Squamous part
Sinus-Nasal spine
Vomerine groove
(for nasopalatine nerve
and vessels
Septal cortuooe -~,....._
Major alar
cartilage (medial crus)
Maxilla
Crista galli }
Cribriform plate
Ethmoid bone
Perpendicular plate
_--Crest
Body
Sphenoidalsinus
Medial
Lateral
Plates of
pterygoid
process
Sphenoid
bone
Basilar part of
?In:~~~__occlpltol
bone
Pharyngeal
tubercle
Perpendicular plate
Nasal crest
Posteriornasal spine
Horizontal plate
Lesser palatine
foramen
Palatine
bone
Medial wall of Nasal Cavity (Nasal Septum)
_~,,,,,~-.w-::- ....
{~~~,.;;.;._jiiii~"~~~~~.".Sphenoethmoidal
Frontal sinus
Opening of
sphenoidal sinus
ypophysis
(pituitary gland)
in sella turcica
--1.ll1:.--- ...
r Sphenoidal sinus
Pharyngeal tonsil
(adenoid if enlarged)
Basilar part of
occipital bone
-m~"""l-.:...;l,I~Pharyngeal
~~~~,
raphe
Choane

Superior nasal meatus
Middle nasal concha
Agger nasi
Atrium of middle nasal meatu
Middle nasal meatus
Inferior nasal concha
(turbinate)
Limen nasi --"'--'
Nasal vestibule-~
recess
-==_'::_~~l1";7~1~~l~~~~~.;~~~
Torustubarius
OPening of
pharyngotympanic
(auditory) tube
Pharyngeal recess
Horizontal plate of
palatine bone
Soft palate
Inferior nasal meat us

Palatine process of maxilla
_~Tlll
Incisive canal
Tongue
Middle nasal concha

Middle nasal meatus
Bulging septum
Airway to nasopharynx
-Inferior nasal concha
L..iL.-.I~-lnferior nasal meatus
..L.-...l
i/...... ;-
~--
Floor of nasal cavity
Speculum view
Frontal sinus
Probe passing from semilunar

hiatus into frontal~S~in!;U~s..!v:!!ia~
__
T
frontonasal duct
G
Middle nasal concha (cut surface)
'~~~~ii
iiiil~
Ethmoidal bulla
Openingsof middle ethmoidal cells
Semilunar hiatus with opening
of anterior ethmoidal cells
Probe in opening of sphenoidal sinus

Sphenoidal sinus
Superior nasal meatus
with opening of posterior
ethmoidal cells
Basilar part
of occipital bone
~ __
L~~--:rJ~
Uncinate process
(cut surface)
Opening of nasolacrimal duct
Inferior nasal meatus
Lateral Wall of Nasal Cavity
Torustubarius
Openinq of
pharyngotympanic
(auditory) tube
Anterior arch
of atlas (Cl vertebra)
Dens of axis
(C2 vertebra)
Sagittal section
Ethmoidal cells
Frontal sinus
Opening of
sphenoidal sinus
Opening of frontonasal duct

Sphenoidal sinus
Semilunar hiatus ---.,....,.
Middle nasal
concha (cut away)
Unicinate process
Opening of
maxillary sinus
Frontal sinus --~
.......;,r.
Opening into middle nasal meatus
Orbit --~~-...,..~
Pterygopalatine fossa
Maxillary sinus
Rootsof teeth
_Jb~~It-j'7t!JIT-t"jtrP..""""_,,,
lateral dissection
lateral wall of Nasal Cavity (lateral dissection)
52
Lacrimal bone
Frontal bone
soucrnous part
sinus
{ Nasal spine
Middle nasal concha

Uncinate process
Ethmoid
Cribriform plate
Superiornasal concha
Highestnasal concha
I'
----4-~
,
"
"'
Sphenoethmoidal
bone
recess
Sphenopalatine
Agger nasi
foramen
----:::~.L..:.;~fi~,
Basilar part of
occipital bone
Lateral process of septal

nasa I cartilage - __
-.,.:.;,:...;._
Major alar cartilage
Alar fibrofatty
tissue
_~~~::::3
~~JJ~fi~~~Y:li~Wn
Sphenoidal
sinus
Medial
and
Lateral
plates of
pterygoid
process
Maxilla
Alveolar process
Inferior
nasal concha
Sphenoid bone
Pterygoid
hamulus
Sphenoidal process
Orbital process
Posteriornasal spine Palatine
Perpendicularplate
Horizontal plate
bone
Ethmoidal bulla
Opening of middle ethmoidal
Opening of frontonasal
cells
(Cut away)
canal
Openings of posterior ethmoidal
Middle nasal concha

Infundibulum
frontonasal
(cut away)~~~!p-~""'-I~~~~~I.~~~
leading
canal
to
Opening of sphenoidal
sinus
Openings into maxillary sinus
~---~;",:-~~~~f~~~~:I~Uj
Sphenopalatine
Semilunar hiatus with openi ..n:..:g:.:.s~~-;~~

of anterior ethmoidal cellsUncinate process
cells
(cut away)
Ethmoidal process of
inferior nasal concha
Lesser palatine
Opening of nasolacrimal
canal
Greater palatine
fora men
foramen
Lateral wall of Nasal Cavity (continued)
foramen
Nasal septal branch of superior labial brunch

(of facial artery)
Nasal septum (turned up)
Anastomosis between posterior

septal branch of sphenopalatine
artery and greater palatine artery
in incisive canal
Septal and lateral nasal
branches of posterior
ethmoidal artery
Anterior septal branch,
Posterior septal
branch of
sphenopalatine
artery
External nasal branch

of anterior
ethmoidal
artery
Sphenopalatine
artery
Alar branches of
lateral nasal
branch
(of facial artery
Posterior
lateral nasal
branches of
sphenopalatine
artery
Anastomosis between
posterior septal branch
of sphenopalatine artery
and greater palatine
artery in incisive canal
External carotid
artery
Lesser palatine fora men and artery
Greater palatine foremen and artery
Lateral wall of nasal cavity
Arteries of Nasal cavity - Nasal septum Turned Up
Olfactory
Nasal septum (turned up
nerves (I)
Incisive canal
Schematic
hinge
Medial internal nasal,

Lateral internal nasal,
Sphenopalatine
fora men
(dissected away)
External nasal
branches of
anterior
ethmoidal
nerve (Vj)
Pterygopalatine
ganglion
Nerve (vidian)
of pterygoid canal
Internal nasal
branches of
infraorbital
nerve (V2)
Posterior superior lateral nasal

branch of maxillary nerve (V2)
Greater and lesserpalatine nerves(V2)
Nasal branch of anterior

superior alveolar nerve (V2)
Posteriorinferior lateral nasal

branch of greater palatine nerve (V2)
sser palatine nerves (V2)
Communication
between greater
palatine and nasopalatine
nerves at incisive canal
Greater palatine
External nasal branch of anterior ethmoidal
nerve (V2)
nerve (Vj)
Lateral internal nasal branch of anterior ethoidal nerve (Vj)

Olfactory bulb
Olfactory tract
Posterior superior lateral nasal branches

from maxillary nerve (V2)
Maxillary nerve (V2) sphenopalatine
fora men dissected away)
Pterygopalatine ganglion
~"""-~~--Greater
petrosal nerve
Deep petrosal nerve
~;::::;.:;c:::=:
~~--~~~~I~
Nerve (vidian) of pterygoid
canal
Pharygeal branch of maxillary nerve (V2)

Nasopalatine
nerve (v2) passing to septum (cuI)
Posterior inferior lateral nasal branch

from greater palatine nerve (V2)
Lateral
wall of
nasal
cavity
Palatine nerves (V2)
Medial internal nasal branch

of anterior ethmoidal nerve (Vj)
Olfactory nerves (I)
Incisive canal
Nasal septum
Nerves of Nasal cavity
Coronal section
Olfactory bulbs
Celebral falx
Frontal sinus
Brain
Middle
nasal concha
Middle
'JflDl~~~~~t@f.Tt~~=
nasal meatus~-1f11M~~~~~~rtJ
InfraorbitallRecessesof
Zygomatic maxillary
Alveolar
sinus
I1
Maxillary sinus -\""in-~~C~

Inferior
nasal meatus
Buccinator muscle
~!.!~4f.~ff-_-Alveolar
process of maxilla
Inferiornasal concha
Body of tongue
Hard palate
.J;~~~~r--Sublingual
gland
Oral cavity
Mandible (body)
Ethmoidal cells -_~~-!!!.~
~U!!!~~~~~r
Orbital fat and muscles
-~r;7~~~~
Medial wall
of orbit
ptic nerve (11)
Sphenoidal sinuses--I1ti;;-::n~II!!E:~~-d:~
Optic chiasma
---~~+-~
-':~~...:.:::-
Horizontal section
Paranasal Sinuses
NEC~
~~a~---"7If----~
Epiglottis -----1r;:;;:---tC..!
Hyoid bone
Thyrohyoidmembrane
uperior horn of thyroid cartilag

Corniculate cartilage
Arytenoid carilage
~L-~";"":7"---
Superiorthyroid notch
Thyroidcartilage lamina _ .
~_.
Vocal ligament
-----r-:-:,_~
Median cricothyroid ligament

Inferior horn of thyroid cartilag
~~_~~~IF~.-J~
- Cricoid cartilage
Trachea
----.......3i:II
Posterior view
Anterior view
~~tceu~~~~urface
Cricoid
cartilage
Muscular process] Arytenoid

lamina
Vocal process
cartilage
Arch ------..31
Anterosuperior view
~~
~_~EPiglottis-;:~
Hyoepiglottic ligament
u_----Hyoid
bone----....f...!~---~,...
Thyrohyoidmembrane__ -+-~.:-.
Thyroidcartilage lamina
tl
t-".::~~
~~~~-=W
Oblique line
laryngeal prominence
Arytenoid cartilage
Media~
.......1-.;;;:;---t
ateralJ\
Muscular process
Vocal process
----=~~~~~:::::i
Vocal ligament
Thyroepiglottic ligament
Cricothyroid ligament
Cricoid cartilage
Cricothyroid joint
Right lateral view
Trachea
Medial view, median

(sagittal) section
Cartilages of Larynx
;y
Epiglottis
jorornen for superior

laryngeal branch of
, superior laryngeal nerve
Aryepiglottic
fold
Cuneiform
tubercle
Oblique and transverse
Corniculate
arytenoid muscles
tubercle
-....ll;"'-..-jF.r---Aryepiglottic
osterior cricoarytenoid
muscle
muscle
~~~ ......
-..-.;jt..-- Oblique
arytenoid muscle
Transverse
~ ~Straight
}
~
part
.Cricothyroid
arytenoid muscle
'\i~~~~:;-:::~---\:----Oblique
muscle
Posterior
-.... .....
'.1~'-part
cricoarytenoid
____
-..;0::;1
muscle
Cricoid cartilage
Right lateral view

Posterior
view
...."..:;,;-.
Epiglottis
Thyroepiglottic
muscle
Oblique and
transverse
arytenoid muscles
Arytenoid Muscular process

cartilage tyocal process
Posterior
cricoarytenoid
muscle
Lateral
cricoarytenoid
muscle
Thyroidarticular
surface
----~i-.I.-
Lamina of
cricoid cartilage
Conus elasticus
Cricothyroid
muscle (cut away)
Lateral dissection
Posterior cricoarytenoid
muscle
Lateral cricoarytenoid
muscle
Transverseand oblique orvtenold muscles

Cricothyroid muscle
Thyroarytenoid muscle
Lamina of
thyroid
cartilage
Vocalis muscle
Vocal ligament
Superior view
Intrinsic Muscles of Larynx
,,
\
/',
I
I
J
Cricothyroid joint
(Pivot point) --+-:t-ti-
,{ ~/
Action of posterior cricoarytenoid

muscles Abduction of vocal
ligaments
Action of transverse arytenoid

Adduction of vocal ligaments
I
I
muscle
Action of cricothyroid
muscles lengthening
(increasing tension)
fo vocal ligaments
Action of lateral cricoarytenoid

muscles Abduction of vocal
ligaments
Action of vocalis and thyroaryten

muscles Shortening (relaxation) 0
vocal ligaments
Action of Intrinsic Muscles of Larynx
IA.~~~
--Superior
laryngeal nerve
Internal branch
. External branch
Internal branch of
SUPE
rlor laryngeal
sensory
nerve
branches to larynx
Ansa of Galen
~~~H---:--Aryepiglottic
,, __
muscle
Thyroepiglottic
t?<~-;'~=+l-J.--Transverse
muscle
and oblique
arytenoid
muscles
Thyroarytenoid
muscle
Vocalis muscle
~ ..
Cricothyroid
;il;~~~;:=-
muscle
Cricopharyngeus
muscle
(part of inferior
pharyngeal constrictor)
Lateral cricoarytenoid
muscle
osterior cricoarytenoid
muscle
Thyroid articular surface

Anterior and posterior branches
of inferior laryngeal nerve
Recurrent
laryngeal nerve
Recurrent laryngeal
Right lateral view:

thyroid cartilage lamina removed
Right lateral view
a---- Left vagus

Right vagus nerve (X)-
nerve (X)
~!....--Left common
J-~-~~~~..;.i~:a"M~#r---
Anomalous right inferior

laryngeal nerve (not recurrent)
carotid
artery
Left inferior laryngeal
nerve
.u.-I-~=---Left recurrent
Anomalous (retroesophageal)
right subclavian artery
nerve
laryngeal
,.::::._
Left subclavian
Right common
nerve
artery
Anomalous (retroesophageal)
right subclavian artery originating
from left side of aortic arch
carotid artery
Arch of aorta----+-~'7-~_-4---Left
recurrent laryngeal
Anterior view:
anomalous right
inferior laryngeal
nerve, not recurrent,
associated with
anomalous right
subclavian artery
Nerves of Larynx
iJ/ik,y)
/-
nerve
Helix
Triangular fossa
Crura of
antihelix ~-~
Auricular
tubercle
(Darwin)
71'
Scapha
Antihelix
Concha sCymba
of ourlcle] Cavity
Right tympanic membrane (ear drum)

viewed through speculum
lobule of auricle
Right auricle
Malleus
ncus
Epitympanic recess
long limb of incus

Stapes in ova
(vestibular) window
lateral process
bf malleus
~~;,....-Tendon
of tens
tympani
muscle
Handle
of malleus
Promontory
Tendon of stapedius
muscle
Fossa of round (cochlear) window
Stapes
Tensor
tympani
muscle
'"Tympanic cavity
T
Pharyngotympanic
(auditory) tube
External acoustic meatus

Tympanic membrane
Coronal oblique section of external acoustic

meatus and middle ear
View into tympanic cavity after

removal of tympanic membrane
Auditory ossicles
Articular surface
for inCus\ .
-/
~
Neck--~-~'
Handl
Head
Articular
surface
for malleus
Anterior
process
__ ~ __
Base
lateral
process
Posterior
limb
Malleus:
lateral view
Head
Incus:
lateral view
Anterior
limb
Stapes: superolateral view
Osslcles articulated: medial
External Ear and Tympanic Cavity
Frontal section
Limbs of stapes
Prominence of lateral semicircular
canal
Vestibule
Incu
Semicircular ducts, ampullae,

utricle and saccule
Tegmen tympani
Malleus (head)
Epitympanic
Base of stapes In oval (vestibular) window
Vestibular nerve
recess
Cochlear nerve
Auricle
Internal acoustic
eatus
Vestlbulocochlear
nerve (VIII)
External
acoustic meatus
Helicotrem
Tympanic membrane
Scala vestibuli
Tympanic cavity
Promontory
Pharyngotympanlc
(auditory) tube
Cochlear duct
containing
spiral organ
(Corti)
Scala tympani
Nasopharynx
Cochlea
Note: Arrows indicate course of sound waves
Pothwovot Sound Reception
Superior ligament of malleus
Head of malleus
Superior ligament of incus
Epitympanic recess
Short limb of incus
Anterior process of malleus
..
Posterior mallear fold
Posterior ligament of inc
Anterior mallear fold
long limb of incus
Tensortympani muscle
r~~~?-f--- Chorda
Handle of
malleus
~.:;;;.~~-
Tympanic membrane .. '~z

(pars tensa)
-I-~~_...L..
__
lenticular
tympani nerve
process of inc
Facial nerve (VII)
Pharyngotympanic
(auditory) tuoe
Internal carotid -~~~~~./J
artery
Lateral wall of Tympanic Cavity: medial (internal) view

Prominence of lateral semicircular
canal
Prominence of facial canal
Mastoid antrum
Base of stapes in
fossa of oval (vestibular)
window
Tensor tympani muscle

(tendon cut)
limbs of stapes---i"-':.:J
Pyramidal
eminence --'t':::!l~~-&..l~~:!!!:::
Pharyngotympanic
(auditory) tube
Chorda tympani
nerve (cut)
levator veli palatini

muscle
Mastoid cells
Tendon of stapedius
muscle
Fossa of round
(cochlear) window
Jugular fossa
Promontory with tympanic

nerve (Jacobson) and plexus
under mucosa
Facial nerve (VII)

in stylomastoid foramen
Tympanic cells
Medial wall of tympanic cavity: lateral view
Tympanic Cavity
Right bony labyrinth (otic capsule). anterolateral

surrounding cancellous bone removed
Posterior
Lateral
Anterior
Semicircular
Common
view:
Dissected right bony labyrinth (otic capsule):

membranous labyrinth removed
Posterior
lateral
Anterior
canals
Semicircular canals
Elliptical recess ~Vestibule
bony limb
(note
Cochlear recess
.
Spherical reces perforations
for nerve
fibers)
Ampullae
Vestibule
Cochlea
Oval (vestibular)
window
Round (cochlear)
window
amulus
of spiral
lamina
Internal opening of
vestibular aqueduct
(for endolymphatic
duct)
Cochlear
cupula
Scala vestibuli
Osseous spiral
lamina
Scala tympani
Right membranous labyrinth with nerves: posteromedial view

Anterior semicircular duct
Superior part of vestibular nerve
(from utricle and anterior and
lateral membranous ampullae)
Utricle
Anterior membranous ampulla

lateral membranous ampulla
Cochlear duct (basal turn)

Common
membranous limb
Cochlear nerve
lateral
semicircular
duct
11rf---Posterior
semicircular
duct
~-::::~~".._
Saccule
Vestibular ganglion
Endolymphatic duct
Inferior part of vestibular nerve (from
saccule and posterior membranous ampulla)
Bony and Membranous Labyrinths
Posterior membranous
ampulla
Superior palpebral conjunctiva:

tarsal (meibomian) glands
shining through
Superior lacrimal papilla and punctum

Plica semilunaris
Seen through [~~Pil

cornea
ms
.W'/
Corneoscleral junction
(corneal limbus)
V~
--..;,o~
Lacrimal caruncle in
lacrimal lake (locus lacrimalis)
r'L<~'---lnferior
Bulbar conjunctiva
over sclera ---
lacrimal papilla and punctu
Inferior conjunctival fornix
----.'r~..."'.....
Inferior palpebral conjunctiva:

tarsal glands shining through
Levator palpebrae superioris muscle
Orbital septum
Superior tarsal (Muller's) muscle (smooth)
Superior conjunctival fornix
Orbicularis oculi muscle (palpebral part)
Bulbar conjunctiva
Superior tarsus
Tarsal (meibomian) glands ~
Sebaceous glands
'i-:o.;(,--....l.- __
Palpebral conlunctlvi
Cornea
Eyelashes (cilia)
Iris
Openings of tarsal glands
Posterior chamber
Inferior tarsus
Orbicularis oculi muscle (palpebral part)
Inferior conjunctival fornix
Orbital septum
Frontal bone
Insertion of levator palpebrae

superioris muscle
Orbital septum-
__
~
..-.~
Superior tarsus --t-~.:;::~~_

Lateral palpebral ligament
and overlying raphe --~;.--::
Inferior tarsus
--+-""~~,-:-;"'
...
~P;
Orbital septum __
Zygomatic bone
I------J..~..,.-..-~
Supraorbital artery and nerve

Supratrochlear artery and nerve
Dorsal nasal artery
and infratrochlear nerve
Lacrimal sac
Medial palpebral ligament
Maxilla (frontal process)
-------Infraorbital
artery and nerve

Orbital part of
lacrimal gland
lacrimal canaliculi
lacrimal sac
Palpebral part of
lacrimal gland
-----+_~~~
Nasolacrimal duct
Excretoryducts of
lacrimal gland
~_--
Plica semilunaris
Opening of
nasolacrimal duct
lacrimal caruncle
Inferior lacrimal papilla and punctum

Frontal bone (cut away)
Orbital part of
lacrimal gland
lacrimal sac
Palpebral part o:f~ __
lacrimal gland
..!:;:.-f-lf.f1~~~~K;~~."~
Excretory ducts of
lacrimal gland
Nasolacrimal duct
Middle nasal
concha
Plica semilunaris
and lacrimal lake
;",;..._--Nasal
cavity
lacrimal caruncle
~---Inferior
nasal
concha (cut)
Inferiorlacrimal papilla and punctum
Inferior nasal meatu
Opening of nasolacrimal duct
Lacrimal Apparatus
Horiaontal section
Tarsusof eyelid
Palpebral conjunctiva
Medial palpebral ligament
Bulbar conjunctiva
Nasal cavity
Check ligament of
medial rectus muscle---rlHH~-r;;~;./t.~\~
Ethmoidal cells _--r:"!!'"
lateral palpebral ligament

Check ligament of
lateral rectus muscle
lllr.:-,"",,-
n..:.~~r--Periorbita
Periorbita
.JIII,.JJ,...:J,.:......jiJ.-:.--...!--
Medial rectus muscle

and fascial sheath
Fascial sheath of eyeball
(Tenon'scapsule) ---J~
__
"
Sclera
~-:'f-r-:rP:---~-Fascial
sheath of eyebal
(Tenon'scapsule)
Episcleral space
~~~,}:~t!.:~~~~L-lateral
rectus muscle
and fascial sheath
Retrobulbar fat
(orbital fat body)
Episcleral space
Optic nerve (11) and
outer sheath -----
:"!~~~ff-_..;....._---
Medial rectus muscle and fascial sheott
Superior rectus mus;cc~le~~~~~~~i~jf

and fascia I sheath lacrimal gland
lateral rectus mwcle and
fascial sheath ----.....,!"'""""~_++_~]t:
Ethmoidal cell
Sclera
tJLfiS["4+",:::;:~ttt.[_-Fascial
sheath of eyeball
(Tenon'scapsule)
~--Inferior
rectus muscle
and fascial sheath
Inferior oblique muscle
and fascial sheath
Infraorbital nerve (V2)
Periorbita-~~~\Lf~~,,(
Retrobulbar fat (orbital fat body)
tendinous ring
levator palpebrae superioris muscle and

fascia I sheath
Superior oblique muscle and fascial sheath
Frontal section
Sclera
Fascial sheath of eyeball
(Tenon'scapsule) --Episcleral space
-common
.~.:,
::;'1
.-> <>:
tJ:/a~.~-~--~
,-;~
Muscle attachments ,Nerves and Vesselsentering Orbit

Superior orbital fissure
lacrimal nerve (Vl)
_
Frontal nerve (Vl)
Trochlear nerve (IV) ~Superior ophthalmic vein
Superior branch of oculomotor
nerve (Ill)
Abducent nerve (VI)
_____
~~
levator palpebrae superioris muscle

Superior oblique muscle
.~tlllli1I""--Superior
rectus muscle
~~tlC::::::::--Medial
rectus muscle
Optic nerve (11)]
t
in optic canal
Op htha Imic ar ery
Inferior rectus muscle
Inferior branch of oculomotor nerve (Ill)
Nasociliary nerve (Vl)
Fascia of Orbit and Eyeball
~ight lateral view .
Superior oblique muscle

frochlea (pulley)
Superior rectus muscle

Medial rectus muscle
,-
lateral
rectus muscle (cut)
Common tendinous ring

ateral rectus muscle (cut)
~---J.--Inferior
oblique muscle
-~Superior tarsus
Superior view
~~~~-levator
Superior oblique muscle __
~!..!!.._
Medial rectus muscle ----f1&~
palpebrae
superioris muscle (cut)
~t....:..._+*-~:----Superior
~~_--
rectus muscle (cut)
Otic nerve (11)
Superior rectus muscle (cut)

levator palpebrae
superioris muscle (cut)
ervation and action of extrinsic eye muscles: anterior view
~3"--:fii_.--Superior..
oblique muscle
[
Trochlear
nerve (IV)
levator palpebrae
superioris muscle
Oculomotor
nerve (11/) Medial rectus muscle
~-.JIH--loterol rectusmuscle[ :~~c~~t

Note: Arrows indicate direction of eye
movement produced by each muscle
Extrinsic Eye Mus~IA~
Medial palpebral artery
Superior view
Lateral palpebral artery
Supratrochlear artery -"--1-..::!:,

Dorsal nasal artery
L!.,;!I,.-_--oupraorbital
Anterior meningeal artery
artery
Zygomatic branches
Anterior ethmoidal artery
~_-
Posterior ethmoidal artery
Posterior ciliary arteries
~---
Continuation of
ophthalmic artery
Muscular branch
----~~..:!:l.-_ Lacrimal artery

Central retinal artery
Muscular branch
Ophthalmic artery
Internal carotid artery ---h-- __ .I
Supraorbital artery
Supratrochlear artery
Dorsal nasal artery
Anterior view
Superior medial
palpebral artery
Frontal branch of
superficial temporal artery
lU ..H--- Angular artery

IEI:~~--ti\---
Superior lateral palpebral artery

Inferior lateral palpebral artery
Zygomaticofacial
artery
Facial artery
Transverse facial artery
(X = anastomosis of vessels from

external and internal carotid orterle
Infraorbital artery
Supratrochlear vein
Lateral view
Supraorbital vein
Superior ophthalmic vein
Inferior medial
palpebral artery
Superior and inferior
palpebral arterial archei
----"~"""rII~~l\
Nasofrontal vein
,L_-- Angular vein

JI!I~~ __
-Vorticose veins
Facial vein
Inferior ophthalmic vein

Pterygoid plexus
--~i,oIjj
Maxillary vein
1::3=~-Deep
facial vein
Arteries and Veins of Orbit and Eyelids

Eac
I __ S
3i]
Medial branch lSupraorbital

lateral branch S nerve
If voter palpebrae
superioris muscle
.
Superior view
--~~...tJ
Supratrochlear nerve
Medial rectus muscle-
~~
lacrimal
Superior oblique muscle --_--...;:.~

Infratrochlear
lacrimal nerve
lateral rectus
muscle
Frontal nerve
Maxillary nerve
(V2)
---"""ii;-r...~~1;..
nerve
---++~r.--
Nasociliary nerve
Meningeal branch
of maxillary nerve
Mandibular nerve

Ophthalmic
nerve (Vl)
---":tS~~~?~
Optic nerve (11)

and nerve plexus
Oculomotor
nerve (Ill)
lesser petrosal
nerve
Meningeal branch
of mondlbulor nerve
Greater petrosal
nerve
Trigeminal (semilunar)
ganglion
.J.;.~~~---:.;.-:--:--Tentorial nerve (meningeal)
branch of ophthalmic nerve
--~~;;::::;;;:g2~rJj,
Trochlear nerve (IV) ----:.~~

Abducent
nerve (VI) --~:.
Tentorium cerebelli- __
.!.I
Superior view
levator palpebrae superioris,
superior rectus and superior
oblique muscles partially
cut away
Anterior ethmoidal
nerve
Parasympathetic root of ciliary

ganglion (from inferior branch
. of oculomotor nerve)
\!
Sympathetic root of ciliary
ganglion (from internal
carotid plexus)
Sensory root of ciliary ganglion
~~~---I(frOm
nasociliary nerve)
r:;:=-=-~-- Branches to inferior
and medial rectus muscles
!::~:r-
OptiC nerve (11)-~~~Posterior

ethmoidal
,
C)
Ciliary ganglion
praorbital nerve branches (cut)

nerve
~~
Short ciliary nerves
nerve (cut)
Infratrochlear
0f'
long ciliary nerves
Supratrochlear
gland
nerve
Superior branch of
oculomotor nerve (1-/1) (cut)
Abducent
Nasociliary nerve
Internal carotid plexus --~~~~~
Trochlear nerve (IV) (cut)
nerve (VI)
Inferior branch of
oculomotor nerve (11/)
lacrimal nerve
Frontal nerve (cut)
Oculomotor nerve (Ill)
Ophthalmic
nerve (Vl)
Abducent nerve (VI)
Nerves of Orbit
70
Horizontal section
Cornea
Zonular fibers
Capsule of lens
(suspensory ligament of lens)
lens
Scleral venous sinus
(Schlemm's canal)
Anterior chamber
Iris
Posterior chamber
( Iridocorneal angle
Scleral spur
Ciliary processes
Ciliary body and ciliar

muscle
Ciliary part of retina
Tendon of
lateral rectus
muscle
Bulbar conjunctiva
Ora serrata
Tendon of
medial recnn
muscle
Optic (visual)
part of retina
Choroid
Hyaloid canal
Perichoroidal space
Sclera ~
Fascial sheath of e~
(Tenon's capsule)
-l~:----
Episcleral space
""-~~
Fovea centralis in macula (lutea)

Outer sheath of optic nerve
Subarachnoid
space
Eye ball
71
lamina cribrosa of
sclera
Optic nerve (11)
__
Central retinal
artery and vein
Cornea
Minor arterial circle of iris
terior chamber
Major arterial circle of iris
erol venous sinus

hlemm's canal)
Blood vessels of ciliary body

ulbar conjunctiva and
conjunctival vessels
Anterior ciliary artery
and vein
idocorneal
ngle----'
Iris
Ciliary
body
Lens
Muscular artery
w~--and
vein
sterior chamber
Zonular fibers
:p--
Retina-~
Vitreous chamber
"--~---Long
Extrinsic eye
muscle
posterior
ciliary artery
Vorticose vein
//----Episcleral
artery and vein
Retinal artery and vein
Long posterior ciliary artery

Short posterior ciliary arteries
Central retinal artery and vein
Superior temporal
retinal arteriole
Optic nerve (11)
and venule
Superior macular
arteriole and
venule
Superior
nasal retinal
arteriol
and
venule
-~1t---~~_.i_"..::-_...;..;;..;.+-_Optic
disc
Macula and
fovea centralis --~.;-------
Inferior temporal
retinal arteriole
and venule
Right retinal vessels: ophthalmoscopic
Inferior nasal
retinalarteriol
and venule
view
Intrinsic Arteries and Veins of Eye
Inferior macular
arteriole and view
~Sclera
/Choroid
Optic part of retina
, Vora
~~_= /\
serrata
Axis
Orbiculus ciliaris of
ciliary body covered
by ciliary part of retina
Ciliary processes
Nucleus
Capsule
Cortex
Equator
Posteriorchamber
Eyeball sectioned in frontal plane:

anterior segment viewed from behind
Zonular fibers
Preequatorial
Equatorial
{
Postequatorial
Orbiculus ciliaris of ciliary body -+-- ...

Ora serrata
Horizontal section
Optic part of retina

Ora serrata
Orbiculus ciliaris of
Optic part
ciliary body covered
of refna
by ciliary part of retinan
k-r~'--__
Zonular fibers fanning out

and blending into lens apsulE
Ciliary processes
Zonular fibers
Iris
Enlargement of segment outlined in top illustration (semischematic)
Lens and Supporting Structures
73
lens
Schwalbe's line
'Trabecular meshwork and spaces
of iridocorneal angle (Fontana)
Posterior limiting lamina

(Descemet's membrane)
Endothelium of anterior chamber
Cornea
Scleral venous sinus (Schlemm's canal)

Scleral spur
Iridocorneal
angle
Pectinate ligament
Major arterial
circle of iris
Anterior ciliary vein
Bulbar
conjunctiva
olds of iris
Minor arterial
circle of iris
Sclera
Meridional
Vbers
t
Ciliary
process
Circular
fibers!
Ciliary muscle
Ciliary body
Perichoroidal space
Dilator
muscle
of pupil
onular fibers
(suspensory
ligament
of lens
Pigment
epithelium
(iridial part of
retina)
Sphincter muscle of pupil
Note: For clarity, only sigle plane of zonular fibers shown;

actually, fibers surround entire circumference of lens
Anterior and Posterior Chambers of Eye
Basilar part of
occipital bone
Longus capitis muscle (cut)
Occipital
Jugular process of
occipital bone
Mastoid process
Styloid process
-------'d
Longus capitis muscle
,,~\~"''':p_
------=-,r
Transverse process of atlas
Anterior
Tuberclesof transvers
Posterior ~processof C3 vertebr
Posterior tubercle of
transverse process of axis (C2)
Slips of origin of anterio

scalene muscle (cut)
Longus coli muscle
Slips of origin of posterio

scalene muscle
Scalene
muscles
Anterior
.
Middle
Middle
Scalen
posterior~ muscle
Posterior
Phrenic nerve
Brachial plexus
1st rib
Subclavian vein
Posterior tubercle of transverse

process of C7 vertebra
Scalene and Prevertebral Muscle
Superficial parotid nodes

(deep parotid nodes
deep to and within
parotid gland)
Subparotid node
-~"!'J
Facial nodes
Nasola bial---:::;:;;:::::t1iiit
Buccinator
Occipital nodes
Mastoid nodes
Mandibular
nodes
sternocleldorncstok
nodes
Superior lateral
superficial cervical
(external jugular)
node
~ugulodigastric node
Submandibular
nodes
Submental
nodes--........:::;~~
Posterior lateral
superficial cervical
(spinal accessory)
nodes
Suprahyoid nOde-=:~~~~~~~~
-Superior thyroid nodes
Juguloomohyoid
node
Anterior deep cervical

(pretracheal and thyroid) nodes
(deep to infrahyoid muscles)
Anterior superficial cervical
nodes (anterior jugular nodes
Intercalated node
Inferior deep
lateral cervical
(scalene) node
Transverse
cervical
chain of
nodes
Jugular trunk--&.-:-7I:I
Supraclavicular
nodes
bclavian trunk and node
Lymph Vessels and Nodes of Head and Neck
A Anterior arch of atlas

(Cl vertebra)
C Condyle- of mandible
CP Coronoid process of
mandible
CS Coronal suture
D Dens of axis (CS
vertebra)
F Frontal sinus
Greater wing of
sphenoid
H Hypophyseal fossa
L Lambdoid suture
M Maxillary sinus
MS Mastoid air cells
P Palatine process of
maxilla
S Sphenoid sinus
Skull - Lateral Radiograph
A Angle of mandible
C Crista galli
E Ethmoid sinus
F Frontal sinus
G Greater wing of sphenoid
L Lesserwing of sphenoid
M Maxillary sinus
R Ramus of mandible
Skull - Anteroposterior Radiograph

Dr. El Fiky Atlas Head &amp; Neck Anatomy Mahmoud Abd Altawab

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Dr. El Fiky Atlas Head &amp; Neck Anatomy Mahmoud Abd Altawab

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oronal suture

Skull - Anterior View

Orbital surface of frontal bone

Superior orbital fissure ----~_l:.~

Inferior orbital fissure

R"ight Orbit - Frontal and slightly lateral View

Superior temporal line

Inferior temporal line

Infratemporal fossa exposed by

Alveolar foramina ---------~-~

Skull - Lateral View

Groove for superior sagittal slnu:

Grooves for branches of

for superior sagittal slnui

Calvaria (skull cap)

Mastoid fora men

-pCranial base - Inferior View

Cranial base - Internal View

--Emissary vein to superior

Nasal slit ------------Anterior ethmoidal fora men

t l Anterior ethmoidal artery. vein

Foramina of cribriform plate-- Olfactory nerve bundles

~Optic nerve (11)

Superior orbital fissure -----

Foramen rotundum ---------

Maxillary nerve (v2)

Foramen ovale -----------

Mandibular nerve (V3)

emissary fora men (vesalius) (inconstant)

[Internet carot~d artery

Greater petrosal nerve

Internal acoustic meatus ---

Facial nerve (VII)

Mastoid foramen -------(inconstant)

Emissary vein (and occasional

Jugular foramen ---------

JEmissaryvei~ and meningeal branch

Hypoglossal nerve (XII)

Foramina of Cranial base - Superior View

Skull, Inferior View

Palatal process of maxilla

Superior nuchal line

Skull, Internal View

Basilar part of occipital

Internal occlpltol crest

Groove for inferior

Opening of sphenoidal sinus

Skull - Midsagittal section

Squamous part ----""'I

Oval (vestibular) window

area related to frist part of maxillary artery

Pterygoid fovea insertion

Mylohyoid line origin

Mandibular fora men

Medial pterygoid insertion

Axis (C2): anterior view

Atlas (C 1): superior view

Posterior tubercle .....

Atlas (Cl): inferior view

Axis (C2): posterosuperior

4th cervical vertebra:

7th cervical vertebra:

Posterior view Posterior

discs (C2-3 and C3-4)

Dr. El Fiky Atlas Head & Neck Anatomy Mahmoud Abd Altawab

Dr. El Fiky Atlas Head & Neck Anatomy Mahmoud Abd Altawab