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Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in

Disaster Prone Communities in


Northern Ghana.

PROGRAMME
IMPLEMENTATION MANUAL
FINAL DRAFT

March 2015

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS


AA
BASIS
CA
CBO
CLTS
CONIWAS
CWSA
DA
DaO
DFATD
DIM
DiMES
DPCC
DWD
EIA
EPA
EPRP
GHS
GoG
HWTS
IEC
JP
LEAP
MDA
M&E
MGCSP
MLGRD
MMDAs
MoF
MOU
MWRWH
NADMO
NCWSP
NGO
O&M
PIM
PMF
PUNO
PTA
RCC

Administrative Agent
Basic Sanitation Information Systems
Convening Agency
Community-Based Organisation
Community Total Led Sanitation
Coalition of NGOs in Water and Sanitation
Community Water and Sanitation Agency
District Assembly
Delivering as One
Department of Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development, Canada
Direct Implementation Modality
District Monitoring and Evaluation System
District Programme Coordination Committee
District Works Department
Environmental Impact Assessment
Environmental Protection Agency
Emergency Preparedness and Response Plan
Ghana Health Service
Government of Ghana
Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage
Information, Education and Communication materials
Joint Programme
Livelihood Empowerment against Poverty
Ministries, Departments and Agencies
Monitoring and Evaluation
Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Protection
Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development
Metropolitan Municipal and District Assemblies
Ministry of Finance
Memorandum of Understanding
Ministry of Water Resources, Works and Housing
National Disaster Management Organization
National Community Water and Sanitation Programme
Non-Governmental Organization
Operations and Maintenance
Programme Implementation Manual
Performance Monitoring Framework
Participating United Nations Organization
Parent Teacher Association
Regional Coordinating Council
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RPCU
RSMS
SAA
SC
SEA
TC
UN
UNDAF
UNEG
VB-WASH-Ed
WASH
WASH in DPC
WRC

Regional Planning and Coordinating Unit


Rural Sanitation Model and Strategy
Standard Administrative Arrangement
Steering Committee
Strategic Environmental Assessment
Technical Committee
United Nations
United Nations Development Assistance Framework
United Nations Evaluation Group
Values-Based WASH Education
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene
Water Sanitation and Hygiene in Disaster-prone Communities
Water Resources Commission

DEFINITIONS
1. A community includes groups of individuals living in close proximity to
each other and/or other social groups, grassroots entrepreneurs or
associations able to identify a need and come together to access project
funds. The size of the community varies depending on the type of WASH
project and includes people from all areas that make direct use of the
project.
2. Beneficiary means a group of individuals, a small community, a small
town, a district or a community which benefits from a WASH in DPC
Programme.
3. District Assembly means a district assembly organised in accordance
with the Local Government Act (Act 462) of the laws of Ghana, which shall
be responsible for implementing programme and projects. This includes
Metropolitan and Municipal Assemblies.
4. Small Town refers to a community with a population between 2,000 and
50,000 or any other figure which the Minister may from time to time
declare by publication in the Gazee and the mass media.
5. Basic Sanitation means hygiene education and safe disposal of faecal
matter. For the purposes of this PIM, the word basic sanitation is taken to
mean the safe management of human excreta. It therefore includes both
the hardware (e.g. toilets/latrine) and the software.
6. Environmental sanitation is used to cover the wider concept of
controlling all factors in the physical environment which may have harmful
impacts on human health and wellbeing.
7. Water supply refers to access to potable water for domestic uses; such
as water for drinking, food preparation, bathing, laundry, dishwashing, and
cleaning.
8. Access to potable water means an all year round supply of at least 20
liters of potable water per capita per day within 500 meters for all
households and serving not more than 300 persons per outlet.
9. Potable water is water that does not contain biological or chemical
pathogenic agents at concentration level directly detrimental to health. It
includes treated surface waters and untreated but uncontaminated water
such as from protected boreholes, springs and sanitary wells .refers to the
quality of water as defined by the Ghana Standard Authority.
10.Hygiene promotion refers to the encouragement of people to adopt
improved hygiene practices to prevent sanitation-related disease.
11.Sanitation promotion refers to the marketing and promotion of sanitation
products and services as well as providing technical support to construct
and use toilets.
12.Disaster prone community A community most at risk from extreme
weather and geographical events or likely to suffer another disaster in
future
Alternative: Refers to a community where as a result of the recurrence of
natural disaster events there is serious disruption of its functions involving
widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and
impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to
cope using its own resources.
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13.Emergency Preparedness: Activities and measures taken in advance to


ensure timely response to and effective mitigation of the impact of the
hazard including the issuance of timely and effective early warnings and
temporary removal of people and property from threatened location.
Alternative: refers to a sustainable network of physical systems and human
communities, capable of managing extreme events; during disaster, both
must be able to survive and function under extreme stress
14.Resilience refers to the ability to recover quickly from (or adjust easily
to) an adverse phenomena
Alternative: refers to a sustainable network of physical systems and human
communities, capable of managing extreme events; during disaster, both
must be able to survive and function under extreme stress
15.Community resilience refers to the capability of a community to
anticipate risk, limit impact, and bounce back rapidly through survival,
adaptability, evolution, and growth in the face of turbulent change.
16.Monitoring is defined as a continuous process of collecting and analyzing
information mainly on substantive indicators (at the activity, output and
outcome level) to show progress toward the attainment of expected
outcomes. Monitoring is a systematic, evidence oriented and quality
based exercise where specific, measurable, attainable, and reliable and
time bound indicators (SMART) show proof of the substantive Joint
Programme progress.
17.Evaluation is the assessment of a planned, ongoing, or completed
development intervention to determine its relevance, efficiency,
effectiveness, impact and sustainability.
Alternative: refers to the systematic and objective assessment of a
Programme which aims to determine the relevance and fulfillment of
objectives as well as the efficiency, effectiveness and sustainability of the
Programme (and when feasible, its impact). Evaluation of Programmes
should inform learning, decision-making and guidance on how to
implement the modality.

Table of Contents
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS............................................................................I
DEFINITIONS.......................................................................................................... III
1

INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND.................................................................7

PROGRAM BRIEF DESCRIPTION........................................................................8


PROGRAMME GOAL AND PURPOSE......................................................................9

INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS......................................................................9

PROGRAMME GOVERNANCE...........................................................................13
4.1

THE STEERING COMMITTEE (SC)..............................................................13

4.2

THE PROGRAMME TECHNICAL COMMITTEE (PTC).....................................14

4.3

PROGRAMME MANAGEMENT TEAM (PMT)................................................17

IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS........................................................................... 18
5.1

PROGRAMME START-UP............................................................................ 18

5.2

PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION...............................................................18

5.3 DELIVERY OF WATER SUPPLY, PUBLIC SANITATION FACILITIES AND SAFE


HAVENS INFRASTRUCTURES.............................................................................. 19
5.4

OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE............................................................20

5.5

WASH IN SCHOOLS AND COMMUNITIES...................................................21

5.6

WASH SECTOR CAPACITY STRENGTHENING.............................................21

GENDER MAINSTREAMING.............................................................................. 22

MONITORING AND EVALUATION.....................................................................23


7.1

MONITORING............................................................................................ 23

7.2

7.2 - EVALUATION..................................................................................... 24

7.3

MONITORING AND EVALUATION TOOLS....................................................25

REPORTING..................................................................................................... 25

COMMUNICATION / INFORMATION SHARING AND ADVOCACY........................26

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SUSTAINABILITY AND SERVICE DELIVERY....................................................26

10.1 - INSTITUTIONAL SUSTAINABILITY............................................................26


10.2 SUSTAINABILITY OF SERVICES DELIVERY / OPERATIONS AND
MAINTENANCE................................................................................................... 27
10.3 FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY......................................................................27
10.4 ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY...........................................................27
ANNEX 1. PROGRAMME OVERVIEW................................................................30
A- INCREASED ACCESS TO DISASTER-RESILIENT SANITATION AND WATER
FACILITIES.......................................................................................................... 30
A2- Improved hygiene behaviours.................................................................32
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A3- Strengthened disaster resiliency at the community level........................32


A4- Increased regional, district and local capacity for sustainable
management of WASH facilities.....................................................................32
B- EXPECTED RESULTS...................................................................................... 33
B1- Intermediate Outcomes...........................................................................33
B2- Immediate Outcomes.............................................................................. 33
ANNEX 2. RESPONSIBILITIES OF PROGRAMME CORE STAFF......................36
I.

Program Manager........................................................................................... 36

II.

Assistant Program Manager........................................................................... 36

III.

Monitoring and Evaluation Specialist..........................................................37

IV.

Administrative assistants............................................................................ 37

V.

Gender specialist........................................................................................... 38

ANNEX 3. PROGRAMME PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT FRAMEWORK. . .39

1 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND


Natural disaster occurrence in Ghana consists of droughts, epidemic outbreaks,
floods, and wildfires. In the 3 Northern regions, disasters significantly impact
vulnerable populations in disaster prone areas, and may lead to unnecessary
losses of social and economic capital. In particular, recurrent flooding events,
which are the most pervasive in terms of financial damages and numbers of
people affected, usually result in the disruption of services from WASH facilities,
which could lead to significant damages to property and trigger other emergency
situations such as outbreaks of diarrhea, cholera, and other water related/borne
diseases. The combination of these effects reduces the productivity of the
population and the losses they suffer are immense and seriously affect their
economic and social circumstances.
Having to ensure that when such floods occur the quality of water supply is not
contaminated (during collection, handling, storage, and use) and that good
sanitation and hygiene practices are maintained also presents immense
challenges to the health of these communities. Rehabilitation costs are usually
unaffordable and communities have suffered a drastic fall in their living
conditions and opportunities for future development, pushing them further into
poverty and deprivation.
The situation is further aggravated in those communities where there is a lack of
WASH facilities and services. In such circumstances, the challenges include the
prevalence of water borne, vector borne and sanitation related diseases as a
result of poor drinking water quality, inadequate sanitation and poor hygiene.
Women, children and the youth suffer the most from the effects of this lack of
access to WASH facilities and related services.
Floods in northern Ghana, which is drained by the Volta River System (White
Volta, Black Volta and the Oti rivers), have devastating effects on the
development of disaster prone communities in the 3 regions. In the foregoing,
some specific focus is put on flood hazards in the Volta Basin that affect the 3
Northern Regions.
National Disaster Management Organization (NADMO) sources refer to 265
communities in 21 districts with a population of about 432,000 people as being
prone to flooding from spills from the Bagre Dam in Burkina Faso.
NADMO indicated that it had taken a census of people living in flood prone areas
of the country, including the northern regions, and had allocated safe havens in
these communities to prepare for the onset of the major rains. A 2013 UN-ISDR
report shows that from 1980 until 2010, 29 disasters occurred in Ghana, killing
1,133 people with an average of nearly 37 people per year.
An overview of the conditions of Water, sanitation and Hygiene in the three
Northern Regions of Ghana indicate that (a) boreholes are the predominant
source of drinking water, (b) in Upper East region, only 10 percent of the
population use improved sanitation facilities, (c) the highest cases of open
defecation (71.1 - 88.6 per cent) occur in the three Northern Regions, and the
practice of hand washing with soap is equally low. These poor sanitation and
hygiene conditions are a special challenge in flood prone areas and require
particular attention.
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However, disaster events could provide opportunities for change, and the
recovery phase of WATSAN service provision can also be an opportunity to seek
durable solutions to old problems. Recovery of infrastructure after a disaster in
affected communities helps reconnect the populations in these communities.
Furthermore, their participation in the re-establishment process contributes to
generate a spirit of recovery and control of their future in the minds of the
affected population. During such recovery process and the renewal of WASH
infrastructure and services, opportunity could also be taken to improve on
elements such as operations and maintenance, re-establishment of regulation for
management purposes and the establishment of effective monitoring framework.
to ensure more durable services.
Thus the rapid recovery of access to WASH services after a disaster is one of a
suite of actions essential to stabilizing the health of populations and ultimately
assisting communities return to a normal existence.
The above provides a sound justification of the urgent need to develop resilient
WASH facilities in the disaster prone communities in order to stabilize the health
of the populations, encourage the swift resettlement of residents where
necessary, and ultimately assist the communities return to a normal existence
during disaster events.
It is within the above context, that the Government of Ghana and partner UN
agencies bring together their respective skills, expertise and experience to
improve health and livelihoods in disaster prone communities in the three
northern regions of Ghana.

2 PROGRAM BRIEF DESCRIPTION


The Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in Disaster-prone Communities in Northern
Ghana Programme (WASH in Disaster-prone Communities WASH in DPC) will
improve health and disaster preparedness in select communities and schools in
the Northern, Upper East and Upper West Regions by 1) increasing access to
disaster-resilient sanitation and water facilities, 2) improving hygiene behaviours,
3) strengthening disaster resiliency at the community level, and 4) increasing
regional, district and local capacity for sustainable management of water,
sanitation and hygiene (WASH) facilities. The provision of services will target
around 200,000 people in 265 communities, including 50,000 school children in
24 Districts. A baseline and a gender analysis will be done at the outset of the
Programme. The gender analysis should inform indicators and targets for a)
membership in community water and sanitation management teams, and b) skills
training and job creation in the community for hand pump caretakers. It should
also include an analysis of women's access to micro-credit and demonstrate how
the Programme design will address barriers to womens access to micro-credit for
latrine construction, and help identify andtarget women-headed households to
receive cash transfers for latrine construction.
The Programme is conceived within the framework of the Joint UN programming
approach. This approach is the collective effort through which the UN
organizations and national partners work together to prepare, implement,
monitor and evaluate the activities aimed at effectively and efficiently achieving
the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and other international commitments.
UN-Habitat, UNDP, UNICEF and WHO will be the UN Agency partners to
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collaborate with government institutions in the WASH and disaster management


sectors as well as private sector and non-governmental organizations.
It also takes due cognizance and appropriately draw on lessons from these other
programmes/projects in the area, in particular the ongoing UNICEF programmes
in the target regions, the GoG/ DFATD NORST project and the UNDP/UN-Habitat
Sustainable Housing and Livelihood Initiative as part of support to disaster prone
communities in northern Ghana. This is to avoid duplication of efforts and
resources.
Ghanas Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development (MLGRD) will lead
the coordination for the implementation of the Programme in close collaboration
with the Ministry of Water Resources Works and Housing (MWRWH), the National
Disaster Management Organization (NADMO) and the Ministry of Education, all of
which will be involved with aspects of the Programme relevant to their mandates
on WASH and the management of disasters and emergencies. The Joint UN team
will provide technical assistance, facilitation and funds management support.
The Programme will be implemented over a period of 3 years between 2014 and
2017. The total Programme budget from DFATD amounts to Canadian$
19,915,000

PROGRAMME GOAL AND PURPOSE


The overall objective of the programme is to improve health and livelihoods in
disaster prone communities by increasing access to resilient facilities and
services for good drinking water and improved basic sanitation on a sustainable
basis.
Specific objectives
The specific objectives of the programme are to:
a. Implement resilient WASH solutions and reduce the number of people in
disaster prone communities in the 3 Northern Regions without safe
drinking water, basic sanitation1 facilities and hygiene services
b. Promote education programmes and awareness of hygiene practices to
improve the sanitation and health conditions in the beneficiary
communities and schools
c. Enhance regional and local capacity in the beneficiary communities to
sustainably manage the WATSAN facilities and related services to be put in
place.
d. Contribute to measures to enhance the preparedness to disasters and
minimize future risks in the communities.
The programme overview is attached in Annex 1

3 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS
1 For basic sanitation this includes people who practise open defecation, do not
use improved sanitation facilities and do not practice handwashing with soap
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The Programme is implemented within the framework of the Joint UN


programming approach. UN-Habitat, UNDP, UNICEF and WHO will be the main UN
Agency partners to collaborate with GoG partners (MLGRD, MWRWH, NADMO,
Ghana Education Service and others) to provide improved and resilient WASH
facilities and services in targeted disaster-prone communities in the Northern,
Upper East and Upper West regions of Ghana. In line with the outcomes 4 and 5
of the UNDAF, this Programme also provides a framework for DFATD to partner
with the UN team in this effort and to contribute to GoGs efforts towards the
implementation of the Ghana Plan of Action for Disaster Risk Reduction and
Climate Change Adaptation.
Each participating UN agency brings their own comparative advantages to take
on specific roles in the Programme as follows:
UN-Habitat: The Convening Agency (CA) is responsible and accountable for
the overall coordination of the operational and
programmatic
aspects of the joint programme.
Establish the Project Coordinating Unit and undertake the day-today coordination and management of the programming process
Coordinate the Joint Programme partners,
coordinate and compiles annual work plans and narrative reports,
the monitoring of annual targets, the preparation of half yearly
and annual reports for the Steering Committee meetings,
facilitate audits as well as mid-term and final evaluation, and
report back to the Steering Committee.
In addition to its role as Convening Agency, UN Habitat will
implement its programme component for the provision of water
supply systems and institutional sanitation facilities including in safe
havens; Values-Based education to complement the WASH in schools
component; collaborate with UNICEF on the microfinance for
household sanitation facilities and capacity development of national
and local level WASH officers
UNDP

UNICEF

The Administrative Agent (AA), UNDP plays the role of


Administrative Agent (AA) through its Multi-Donor Trust Fund (MDTF)
Office using the pass-through fund management model. The MDTF
Office is responsible for transferring funds to the Participating UN
Organizations
(PUNOs). UNDP
is
responsible
for
financial
management, while each participating UN organization has
programmatic and financial responsibility for the funds disbursed to it.
UNDP:
Is accountable for effective and impartial fiduciary management
and financial reporting to donor and the Steering Committee
Receives donor contributions, disburses funds to Participating UN
Organizations based on Steering Committee instructions, and
consolidates periodic financial reports and final financial report to
the donor in accordance with agreed timetable.
Involved in day-to-day administration.
In addition to its role as Administrative Agent, UNDP will implement its
programme component that ensures that assessment of environmental
effects of projects are carried out when it is required.
Lead the roll out the CLTS process, sanitation marketing, a social
norms campaign, microfinance for household sanitation facilities,
capacity development of national and local level WASH officers, WASH
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in Schools, water safety planning, HWTS and the assessment of


technology options for disaster resilience.
WHO

Technical guidance on environmental sanitation and health


improvement monitoring; water safety planning and household water
treatment.

UNDP, UN-Habitat, UNICEF and WHO, the Participating UN Organizations


(PUNOs) shall:
Actively participate in Steering Committee Meetings, at the Head of
Agency level.
Actively participate in the Programme Technical Committee meetings,
represented by a designated representative at senior level or her/his
alternate
Operate in accordance with their own regulations, rules, directives
and procedures
Assume full programmatic and financial accountability for funds
disbursed by the AA in a timely manner.
Ensure regular information sharing for the needed synergies and
sequencing of the programme activities
Monitor its contributions to the programme and participate in Joint
Programme monitoring in accordance with the joint monitoring plan
and methods
Prepare and submit reports to the convening agency based on agreed
timelines and in accordance with agreed templates
Liaise with regional and district teams as needed
Adhere to all UN harmonized approaches for UN work in-country
Identify and draw attention to potential threats and opportunities
The UN Resident Coordinator (UNRC): The UN Resident Coordinator has the
leadership and strategic leadership role of the UN Country Team and
all UN programmatic activities in Ghana. To that effect the Resident
Coordinator serves as co-chair of the Programme Steering Committee
and provides ongoing oversight to ensure that participating
organizations are meeting their obligations and ensures that the
outcomes of the WASH in DPC programme are well inserted in the
national development context and the UNDAF. In the role of Co-Chair
of Programme Streering Committee, the UNRC will:
Receive updates from the Programme Manager on progress and
results
Address issues of conflict/disagreement amongst participating
agencies and other issues that would derail the progress of the
programme from the UN side

Ensure the intended UN coherence and consistency in the


implementation of the programme
Undertake advocacy on joint programme related issues
Undertake high level engagement with government and the donor as
and when needed and ensure that both government and donor
concerns are addressed satisfactorily.
Partner UN Organizations will hold monthly meetings to discuss general
coordination matters as well as implementation issues which require immediate
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focus. They will also monitor contributions against agreed targets and indicators
set out in the Performance Monitoring Framework. The Coordinator of the
Programme Management Team will keep the minutes of their meeting.
The Programme Management team will be accountable to UN policies and
procedures, and will be responsible for financial management of the Programme,
Programme contracting, personnel management, procurement, and travel, etc. It
is also required that the Programme Manager reports to the Programme Steering
committee, and the United Nations System.
On the Government Side, implementation is undertaken by various stakeholders
in the public and private sectors. Public sector stakeholders include: the
Environmental Health and Sanitation Directorate of MLGRD; Regional Coordination Councils; Community Water and Sanitation Agency; Water Directorate
of the Ministry of Water Resources, Works and Housing (MWRWH); Ministry of
Gender, Children and Social Protection; the National Disaster Management
Organisation (NADMO); Ghana Education Service (GES)/School Health Education
Programme (SHEP); Water Resources Commission (WRC);
Private sector
stakeholders include NGOs represented by CONIWAS,, consultants, contractors,
partner organisations, area mechanics, toilet artisans and spare parts providers,
among others, to provide goods and services. Other stakeholders include
development partners at the national level, and the beneficiary communities at
the local level.
For overall responsibilities, the following institutions play a core role.
Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development
The MLGRD through the Environmental Health and Sanitation Directorate
(EHSD)will lead the coordination and harmonization of the planning, implementation
and monitoring of the Programme from the Government side to ensure the sustenance of
the results to be achieved. It will also provide technical direction and guidance for

the overall implementation of the Programme and provide oversight responsibility


and implementation support for the environmental sanitation components of the
Programme.
Additionally, it will provide direction in coordinating and
harmonizing the activities of RCCs, DAs and NGOs for the Programme in the area
of environmental sanitation at the regional, district and sub-national levels.
Ministry of Water Resources, Works and Housing (MWRWH)
The Ministry of Water Resources Works and Housing (MWRWH) will provide the
necessary implementation support for the water supply components of the
Programme through the Water Directorate and its Agencies namely CWSA in
particular, and WRC as appropriate. CWSA in particular will provide facilitation,
management support, technical backstopping and guidance on Water Supply and
sanitation in the beneficiary rural communities and small towns of the
Programme. As appropriate, WRC will facilitate the issuance of permits for the
abstraction of water resources for the water supply component of the
Programme. The WRC will also collaborate and make available to the Programme
information from its assessments on flood hazard mapping, the flood early
warning systems (FEWS) for the Volta Basin, and groundwater mapping in the
three northern regions.
Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Protection
The Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Protection initiates, formulates,
coordinates and promotes gender mainstreaming across all sectors. Collaboration
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will be sought from the Ministry by the Programme partners to strengthen the
gender, equity and social inclusion components at all levels of Programme
implementation. At the district level, Gender Desk Officers of the Ministry will be
engaged in the programme to assure that gender is mainstreamed in the WASH
activities. Gender focal persons will be identified at regional and district levels to
be co-opted into the coordination team for the programme
The National Disaster Management Organisation (NADMO)
NADMOs mandate includes the coordination of resources of Government and
private organisations in the prevention, mitigation and response to disasters. The
Organisation will provide direction and guidance as it relates to disaster
preparedness of the communities prior to, during and after disaster events, and
contribute to ensuring resilience of the WASH solutions to be adopted,
particularly in safe havens. NADMO will also support public education, awareness
raising and on issues relating to disaster on disaster preparedness of the
communities prior to, during and after disaster events, and on the resilience
characteristics of the WASH solutions to be adopted in collaboration with other
Programme partners.
GES/SHEP
For the implementation of WASH in schools component of the Programme,
collaboration from GES/SHEP in the planned activities is key. GES/SHEP will work
with the Programme team and partners and lead in activities to promote
sustainable hygiene behavior among school children. This will include: provision
of WASH facilities in schools, hand washing with soap, water treatment and safe
storage, safe excreta disposal. They will also ensure that school health and
hygiene promotion clubs are formed and functional. GES/SHEP will implement
these activities in collaboration with EHSD and CWSA, and will also work closely
with the Curriculum Research and Development Department of the GES to
promote the Values Based Education component of the programme activities.
Regional Co-coordinating Councils
The RCC is the administrative and coordinating body at regional level. Its
Regional Planning and Coordinating Unit (RPCU) which acts as the secretariat of
the RCC will be involved in coordinating, monitoing, evaluating and reporting on
all district activities under the Programme to the programme focal person in
MLGRD (EHSD) for the attention of the Programme Management Team at the
national level. These reports will be captured in the general report to the
Programme Steering Committee.
Water Resources Commission
On the NGO side:
CONIWAS
CONIWAS will coordinate its members to undertake activities on awareness
raising, construction of water systems, implementation of CLTS and other related
community support activities in the three northern regions. They will play critical
role at district level such as advocacy and lobbying for resilient and sustainable
WASH services.
At National level, National Implementation Partners (GoG) will hold monthly
meetings to discuss progress of implementation. The Programme Manager will
attend those meeting and minutes will be written by GoG officials and sent to the
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Programme Manager who will take up the recommendations and the appropriate
measures required.

4 PROGRAMME GOVERNANCE
4.1 THE STEERING COMMITTEE (SC)

The overall leadership of the WASH in DPC programme is provided by the


Steering Committee (SC). It is co-chaired by MLGRD on behalf of GoG and the
UN Resident Coordinator on behalf of the PUNOs. It is the highest decisionmaking authority for the Programme and is responsible for strategic guidance,
fiduciary and management oversight and coordination. Specifically, the SC will
meet semi annualy and will:

Provide strategic direction and oversight and be the decision-making


authority for the Programme.
Facilitate collaboration between participating UN organizations and the
host government for the implementation of the Joint Programme
Review and approve the Joint Programme Document and annual work plans
Provides strategic direction and oversight
Review implementation progress and address programme issues identified
by the Programme team and GoG partners
Review and approve progress reports budget revisions/reallocations, and
evaluation reports
Take note of Programme audit reports (published in accordance with each
PUNOs disclosure policy), and initiates investigations (if needed).

The Steering Committee is composed of: Core members, ex-officio members and
observers.
Core members:
Senior Programme Managers from UNDP, UN-Habitat, UNICEF, WHO;
Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development (MLGRD), Ministry of
Water Resources Works and Housing (MWRWH), Ministry of Gender
Children and Social Protection (MGCSP), National Disaster Management
Organisation (NADMO), RCC Tamale, RCC- Bolgatanga, RCC- Wa, School
Health Education Programme of the GES, Community Water and Sanitation
Agency (CWSA), CONIWAS
These members have voting right during SC meetings.
Ex-offico members:
The UN Resident Coordinators Office, , Ministry of Finance (MoF), , , Public
Health Directorate of Ghana Health Service, Department of Community
Development, .

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Observers:
Department of Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development, Canada (DFATD).
The Programme steering committee will meet at least once every six months.
The half yearly and annual progress reports of the Programme will be the basic
documents for discussions during the SC meeting. It will be presented to the SC
by the Programme Manager, highlighting policy issues and recommendations for
the decision of SC. The Programme Manager will also inform the members of any
agreement reached by stakeholders during the preparation of the report on how
to resolve operational issues. For the first year a report will be prepared at the
end of March 2015 to ensure that the design and inception activities are closely
monitored.

4.2 THE PROGRAMME TECHNICAL COMMITTEE (PTC)

The Programme Technical Committee (PTC) will serve in an Advisory role in


relation to the SC. The Committee will oversee programme implementation and
make technical/operational decisions required to support the joint programme
appropriately. The PTC will also serve as a joint monitoring body to the
programme and have representation from all partners with direct implication in
the WASH in DPC programme implementation It will:
-

deliberate on specific technical problems that have a specialized content


and are not part of standard technical management;
- make proposals or recommendations to the WASH in DPC Programme
management team and Partners on what actions need to be taken to
address issues of Water supply and its quality, sanitation and hygiene
services delivery as outlined in the programme document;
- advise the sector on how best to carry out resilient WASH interventions;
and
- Get information from the programme activities that need technical review
before a thorough implementation.
Specific tasks of the TC include:
- Identify tasks that need to be tackled through special assignments, and
policy issues which need to be informed through analyses.
- Provide a forum for information sharing to improve coordination of various
activities across the WASH in Disaster prone programme.
- Coordinate and facilitate policy and technical dialogue around specific
resilient WASH in disaster service delivery.
- Attend Committee meetings and make recommendations to the
programme management team and partners
- Assist in coordination and harmonization with other relevant programmes
and projects
The membership comprises of persons from the Government, Development
Partners and Civil Society Organizations.
Core members
- MLGRD, MWRWH, NADMO, CWSA, SHEP, UNDP, UN-HABITAT, UNICEF and
WHO.
Ex-officio members
- Public Health Directorate/Ghana Health Service (GHS),
- MoGCSP,
- Coalition of NGOs in Water and Sanitation (CONIWAS).
Extended members /observers
15

Department of Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development, Canada (DFATD)

The PTC may co-opt any other knowledgeable person(s) and interested experts
from other constituencies according to need to act as resource persons on
specific issues.
Criteria for membership
Members will be appointed individually with delegated responsibilities by the
head of their institution. Members must be senior officers having a full
understanding of the programme and the WASH sector, be committed to work
with the PTC, and assure continuous collaboration.
Chairperson
The Chairperson of the Committee will be the Director, EHSD/MLGRD co-chaired
by the designated representative of the UN Resident Coordinator.
Obligations of the members
Members are expected to prioritize their membership on the PTC, commit their
time and contribute their knowledge and expertise to the work of the PTCs .
Frequency of meetings
The PTC shall meet regularly every two months. on a regular schedule
Extraordinary meetings of members shall be called according to the need for
such a meeting. Retreats for members shall be programmed to deal with specific
subjects requiring deeper thought and discussion.

16

Implementation structure

PROGRAMME

Programme

PUNOs
Programme
Management

National
Implementing

Regional Technical Team


(RTT)
Regional Coordinating Director
Focal person Regional Planning
Officer

District Technical Team (DTT)


District Coordinating Director Focal
Person District Planning Officer

District
Assemblies

CONIWAS /
NGOs

Community /
Traditional
Leaders

Private
sector

17

4.3 PROGRAMME MANAGEMENT TEAM (PMT)

The UN team support for the management of the Programme will be undertaken
by the PUNOs acting as a WASH Programme team comprising the following drawn
from the UN partners involved in the programme:
Programme Manager (International)
WASH specialist (2, International)
Asst. Programme Manager (National)
WASH specialist (2, National) to support the regions
M&E Officer (National)
Programme Assistant (2)
Drivers (4)
This core structure ensures overall progress in the implementation of the joint
programme, engages with and coordinates all partners involved in the
implementation and identifies results and bottlenecks and reports to relevant
governance bodies for decision making.
The above staff will complement the already existing structure of UNICEF
currently involved with a number of WASH programmes in 5 regions, including
the 3 Northern Regions, to form the Programme Management Team (PMT). In
addition to the PMT that will be directly involved in managing the support for
implementation of the Programme, senior level strategic management support
will be provided by the UN Agencies. The UN Agencies operations teams will also
provide support in human resources, administration, finance, travel, supplies
procurement and ICT support to the WASH team.
As is the case of the ongoing UNICEF programme, the UN team will work with the
MLGRD (EHSD), WD MWRWH(WD, CWSA, GWCL and WRC) (MWRWH) and
GES/SHEP and NADMO to implement this Programme directly. The UN partners
will support the GoG through these institutions to engage the services of both
local and international consultants to provide specialist input for implementing
key activities.
Where NGOs are best suited for certain activities, the UN partners will support
their engagement by the GoG for the implementation of the Programme
activities.
For the coordination of the Programme in the 3 target regions the already existing
structures of the Regional Coordination Council will be used with a focus on some
key responsible officials. For this purpose, the Regional Coordinating Director will
lead a Regional Technical Team (RTT) composed of:
1. Regional Coordinating Director
2. Regional Planning Officer
3. Regional Environmental Health Officer
4. Regional NADMO Director
5. Regional SHEP
6. Regional CWSA
This team will coordinate the management of the Programme at regional level
with implementation through the relevant lead Agencies. The RCC will have
responsibility for overseeing the day-to-day management and implementation of
the Programme in their region. It will facilitate the implementation of activities in
collaboration with the partners and associates.
They will hold review meetings every two months and report to the GoG focal
person at MLGRD.

18

Similarly responsibility will be set at District level for the coordination of the
programme using the District Planning and Coordination Units as reference. In
that respect, the District Coordinating Director will coordinate the programme
activities assisted by a District Technical Team (DTT) in the various districts. The
DTT is formed by:
1. District Coordinating Director
2. District Planning Officer
3. District Environmental Health Officer
4. District NADMO Director
5. District SHEP
6. Technical/engineer focal person
Monthly Programme reviews will be held as part of monthly WASH Programme
Coordination Committee (PCC) meetings in the districts. The DTT shall appoint a
focal person to be in charge of Programme implementation. The DTT in each
district will have overall responsibility for Programme delivery in their respective
districts and be the channel through which the UN and its partners engages at
that level.
The DTT shall submit district monthly report to the Regional Technical Team.

5 IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS
5.1 PROGRAMME START-UP
UNDP, UN-Habitat, UNICEF and WHO will coordinate their start-up processes to
maximize efficiency since organizations have different timeframes and legal
frameworks for starting to work with countries.
With the objective to inform, discuss and share issues related to the
implementation of the WASH in DPC Programme in the Three Northern Regions, a
startup meeting will be organised. Participants will be the stakeholders directly
involved in the implementation of the Programme at regional level, district and
community level in the northern regions where the Programme will deliver
activities and services.
The meeting will be articulated around the following points:
- Programme Goals & Objectives, Plan and Deliverables,
- Governance Structure, Roles and Responsibilities,
- Critical Success Factors & Programme Acceptance Criteria,
- Issues and Risk Management,
- Work plan and Strategic Partnerships,
- Work programme for District stakeholders,
- Presentation of the Programme Implementation Manual,
- Open discussions and brainstorming,
- Conclusions and way forward.
The meeting will be designed to: facilitate a clear understanding of the
Programme and its delivery mechanism; elicit suggestions for the smooth
implementation of the Programme by taking stock of the opportunities and
constraints from field officers; and draw a more specific district level work
programme.

19

5.2 PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION

Communities to benefit from the Programme intervention will be preselected


based on criteria developed by thePMT and GoG implementing partners in
consultation with regional, district and community members.
The criteria include:
-

Potential risk of flooding of the district/community

Water and sanitation affected communities

Communities yet to benefit from proper WATSAN interventions

Incidence of Poverty

Health status of the district/community

Female Headed Households

Households Headed by uneducated

Level (ranking) of the most affected communities within a District.

A base line study will be conducted in the preselected communities ( a list of such
communities will be cleared by District Technical Team, made up of: District
Coordinating Director, District Planning Officer, District Environmental Health
Officer and District NADMO officer). The results of the baseline study for the
beneficiary communities will provide detailed information on the initial target
indicators specific to the WASH in DPC deliverables/services at the community
level, in line with the Programme logic model. These will form the basis for
subsequent monitoring and evaluation activities to achieve the envisaged
Programme outcomes.
Through the MLGRD, communities will be informed of the results of the appraisal
process. The PMT together with GoG Institutions (led by MLGRD) will carry out
field visits to the beneficiary communities to further assess the most appropriate
intervention approach to provide resilient WASH facilities and services for the
beneficiary communities, and to ensure that the outcomes are aligned to national
standards and approved development policies and strategies.
The PMT will ensure that appropriate information on the beneficiary community is
entered into the District Monitoring and Evaluation System (DiMES) and
MINTESAA/BASIS.
The coordination office will ensure that districts and communities are informed on
time through the district PCC and/or during regular field missions.

5.3 DELIVERY OF WATER SUPPLY, PUBLIC SANITATION FACILITIES


AND SAFE HAVENS INFRASTRUCTURES
The strategy is to install resilient but cost effective water supply systems in the
selected disaster prone communities, with accompanying measures to facilitate
the preparedness of the community management structures for potential
disasters, and to support hygiene education and awareness promotion activities.
Beneficiary communities will be involved in monitoring the construction process
at all stages.
Construction will involve the building of flood resilient facilities, and the
installation of associated equipment.
20

A study will define the technology options which fit better in the context of flood
prone areas and the balance of communal and household based interventions.
The communities may fall under the categories of rural communities or small
towns. Facilities to be constructed may include but not limited to variants of
technologies approved by the Community Water and Sanitation Agency (CWSA).
Specific assumptions and design parameters for the subsequent designs will be
based on the requirements of the 2011 CWSA regulations with appropriate
consideration for resilience to disasters as indicated above. This requires that the
water facility satisfies the following:
-

must provide all year round safe water to community members


Each person must have access to a minimum of 20 liters of water per day
The location of a borehole facility, or the delivery point in the case of a
piped scheme is located at a place which is within a walking distance of
not more than 500 meters from the farthest house in the community must
serve 300 persons and hand-dug well 150 persons
- The maximum walking distance to a water facility must be equal to or less
than 500 meters.
Other water and sanitation technologies may be piloted, as long as they are
considered likely to be flood resilient and meet all technical, environmental,
financial and sustainability requirements of the Government.
Investigations on the state of groundwater resources in the northern regions of
Ghana, indicate that groundwater in the Northern Regions of Ghana is generally
of good quality and thus suitable for drinking or other uses. However it is
imperative that the suitability of these sources is verified by further assessments
in line with the CWSA regulations of 2011, and in accordance with the relevant
strategy under the National Community Water and Sanitation Programme. When
groundwater as a source is used to provide drinking water for the select
communities, due cognizance should be taken of the need for resilience, such as
a tube well with the wellhead appropriately raised to be above the potential flood
level, and the depth of the casing is enough to forestall the entry of polluted
water through the soil into the well.
When surface water sources are used to provide water supply services, the
planning, design and construction of distribution storage reservoirs, distribution
systems up to the consumer points will be based on existing CWSA and GWCL
processes. However in those instances where there is a need or new elements to
ensure resilience of the facilities, this would be discussed with the two institutions
for eventual take up.
For safe havens, reference will be made to appropriate national criteria and
standards (where they exist) or already existing criteria and standards such as
the ones used by The Sphere Project 2 for recovery in flood context. .

5.4 OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE

Through the Programme activities, community awareness will be created on the


need to raise funds towards O&M of water and public sanitation facilities.
Community efforts in raising contributions will be judged to be satisfactory when
decisions reached are community-led, and accepted. Monitoring of community
development activities will be carried out by the communities with the assistance
2
21

of the PCC at district level (made up of the District Coordinating Director, District
Planning Officer, District Environmental Health Officer and District NADMO
officer).
Completion
All completed works shall be inspected by the PCCs and certified as completed by
the beneficiary community / representative of the MLGRD and the WASH IN DPC
coordination before a final payment to the contractor is made. A completion
report is signed by the community, represented by the DTT), indicating that the
completed works have been delivered satisfactorily. These two documents, duly
signed, shall be produced by the contractor before the final payment is made.
The duration of the defect liability period is determined for each contract, and
shall preferably cover at least one year after facility is delivered and becomes
operational; especially for water supply projects. Contractual clauses on defect
liability will be applied. Monitoring for defects during the defect liability period is
carried out jointly by the MLGRD, PCCs, WASH IN DPC Coordination and the
beneficiary community. The contractor is duty bound to rectify all defects
detected during the liability period, in accordance with the contract.
Post-Construction
All construction shall be handed over to the Water and Sanitation Management
Teams. Where applicable, the MMDA, as the legal owner of the water supply and
sanitation systems, takes the lead in ensuring that activities undertaken during
the post - construction phase are implemented, as per the national standards and
guidelines for the operations and maintenance as outlined in NCWSP of the
Community Water and Sanitation Agency (CWSA).

5.5 WASH IN SCHOOLS AND COMMUNITIES

The WASH in schools component would ensure that safe water and gendersegregated and appropriate sanitation and hygiene facilities are included. The
WASH in schools under the SHEP/GES component will complement the CLTS
approach to reinforce the resilience of the solutions to disaster situations. Values
based components will also be included in the roll out of this component.
Interventions for the provision of resilient WASH facilities and services will be
implemented in the schools and surrounding communities. These interventions in
the beneficiary communities will be based on communityparticipatory
approaches, where the inhabitants are fully involved in an equitable participation
of women and men in planning, decision-making and local management to
ensure that the entire affected population has safe and easy access to
appropriate water supply and sanitation services, and that these are resilient.
The participatory approach will also help strengthen the relationships between
schools and surrounding communities. Schools, Colleges of Education, and the
non-formal education sector will be identified during the baseline study to be
undertaken at the beginning of the Programme.
School WASH infrastructure and services to be provided will be managed by
students with management modalities defined as per the SHEP/GES minimum
standards..
Parent/teachers Association (PTA) , school management committees, opinion
leaders, women organizations, youth groups will be fully involved in VB-WASH-ED
activities.

22

To ensure that water supplies are not contaminated during collection, handling
and storage, the education and awareness creation efforts will be extended to
support the schools and communities on safe storage (covered containers,
containers with taps) and household water treatment activities. Simple water
quality testing at the point of use will also be considered as an additional
measure to be put in place where needed.

5.6 WASH SECTOR CAPACITY STRENGTHENING

The Programme will facilitate measures for translating policy and coordination
work (upstream work) to community level delivery of services (downstream work)
and vice versa and the generation of lessons learnt. An assessment will be
undertaken to assess the existing capacity needs and awareness gaps in the
communities and develop plans to enable the GoG structures at various
levels, and CBOs at the local level to provide the necessary oversight during the
project duration and to facilitate the sustenance of the installed facilities post
project. Assessments will also be made to identify capacity strengthening needs
for sector planning, monitoring and evaluation, knowledge management and
advocacy required as part of the implementation and ultimate delivery of resilient
WASH facilities and services to people living in disaster prone communities in the
Programme area. The envisaged assessments will focus on:

the context in which the actors operate and in which the training and
capacity building exercise will take place; including existing skills gap;

the training and


implementation.

capacity

building

strategy

to

be

adopted

for

The results of the assessments will provide insights into the different dimensions
of capacity building that will be required at the institutional/system level,
organizational level; and the individual level. Materials will be prepared
accordingly for the WASH training and capacity building activities to be organized
for the various GoG structures for WASH and Disaster Response at the national,
regional, district levels and the community management teams in the beneficiary
communities.
At the District level, measures to strengthen the capacity of the district WASH
teams as well as skills transfer to Community Water and Sanitation Management
Teams will be prioritised to address issues of management of the WASH facilities
and services, as well as hygiene promotion 3; A set of hand-carry documentation
will be delivered to the trainees for easy reference after the training is completed.

6 GENDER MAINSTREAMING
The gender specialist of the Programme team will ensure that all the activities
are gender sensitive and that the targets in the Performance Monitoring
Framework (PMF) are achieved. To that effect, all actors to be involved in various
aspects of the Programme implementation (i.e. representatives from PUNOs,
EHSD, MMDAs, RCC, CWSA, communities, NGOs, private sector providers of
3 This will include succession planning, M&E and documentation, creating
community awareness on financial sustainability mechanisms, etc.
23

goods and services etc.), will receive orientation on gender issues. The
orientation will be designed to equip these actors to be aware of the need to
ensure gender sensitive designs in all components of the programme, and to
bring their new-found awareness of gender issues to bear on all community level
activities.
Some gender-sensitivity activities for implementation at community level include
but are not limited to:
-

General community education on gender during the mobilisation phase.


Special training for female WSMT members.
Adoption of gender-sensitive methods in decision making throughout the
Programme phases, such as:
i.
Organising meetings at times and in places that are convenient for
both women and men.
ii.
Making a special effort to inform women of meetings and encourage
them to attend.
iii.
Organising separate meetings for men and women to address their
needs and concerns, and incorporating their separate views in final
decisions.
iv.
Putting in place measures to ensure that:
a. there is at least 40% female representation in WSMTs, and that
members are selected democratically.
b. Ensuring that women hold executive positions in WSMTs.
c. Ensuring that women and men equally participate in both technical
and social aspects of projects (designing and siting of facilities,
operations and maintenance).
v.
Accounting for possible differences between men and women in
designing plans and training programmes.
Indicators, based on the Performance Monitoring Framework (PMF) will be
monitored as means of assessing the effectiveness of gender mainstreaming.

7 MONITORING AND EVALUATION


Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) forms fundamental part of the joint WASH in
DPC programme cycle and is therefore be implemented collaboratively
throughout the programme life cycle.
7.1 Baseline Studies and Establishment of Datatbase for WASH in DPC
In order to establish the basis for an effective M&E process for the specific
interventions, appropriate baselines will be established to track the project
specific outputs as well as the immediate, intermediate and ultimate outcomes
arising from implementation, in line with the target indicators of the Programme
Results and Logic Model agreed to by all partners on commencement of the
Programme.
For this purpose, a comprehensive baseline study and a gender analysis will be
undertaken at the outset of the programme to establish the status of the
prevailing situation of WASH and disasters on the ground in the beneficiary
communities to be selected, identify any potential constraints, and assess
24

preliminary elements for consideration to ensure resilient WASH systems


appropriate for the context of the disaster prone communities in the three
Northern Regions.
The baseline study will also include a preliminary assessment of the state of
preparedness of the communities and contributions that the project could provide
for emergency preparedness and response in order to minimize future risks and
vulnerability.
A database for the WASH in DPC Programme will be established to fully capture
the information to be generated from the comprehensive baseline study. The
database will be designed to facilitate links with existing Sector Monitoring and
evaluation systems, viz: the MINTESA and BASIS for Environmental Health and
Sanitation; the DIMES for rural water supply and the EMIS for WASH in Schools.

7.1 MONITORING
Programme Monitoring will rely on the baselines and database established
during the comprehensive baseline study, and will be done at various levels - in
communities including schools, at the district level and at the regional and
national levels.
Programme communities including schools will be empowered to undertake
internal monitoring of interventions using simple tools to behavior change.
However, the main projet monitoring will be undertaken at the district level by
Programme Coordination Committees (PCC) at District level. Monitoring will be an
on-going process to be based on a monitoring plan (that will include roles and
responsibilities for monitoring, timing and methodology) for the Programme.
Every six month and/or prior to Steering Committee meetings, joint field
monitoring visits involving the GOG, DFATD, the UN partners as well as the
implementing MMDAs will be undertaken to provide opportunity for the key
Programme partners to see progress on the ground, provide information on
implementation of the key components of the Programme, the immediate
contribution of the Programme to the beneficiary communities and schools and to
enable Programme partners to be more informed in discussions on the
Programme schedule, processes, progress, constraints and the way forward.
The Programme Technical Committee will meet when necessary and regularly
every first Thursday of odd months to discuss key monitoring data and
achievements. PUNOs will also held monthly meeting to discuss general
coordination matters as well as implementation issues which require immediate
focus.
The GoG partners will have a monthly meeting the third Thursday of the month to
discuss progress of implementation and take key decisions.
The M&E process will be coordinated by the Programme Management Team and
with support from PUNOs Agencies, who should share information and progress
updates, and undertake joint field visits where appropriate. A Monitoring and
Evaluation Plan will be prepared by the Programme M&E staff. It will be aligned
with the monitoring and evaluation requirements of UNDAF and other relevant
policies and action plans, particularly the Performance Monitoring Framework
(PMF). Existing indicators and targets will be used wherever possible. The UNDAF
Evaluation will include a specific assessment of the joint programme, looking in
particular at UN System collaboration. Appropriate target indicators will be
established for the purpose.

25

Each PUNO is responsible for monitoring its contributions against agreed targets
and indicators set out in the Performance Monitoring Framework and the
Programme document.
The Convening Agency oversees and coordinates to ensure all targets are
monitored.
Progress narrative report will be compiled by the Programme Monitoring and
Evaluation specialist.

7.2 7.2 - EVALUATION

For the evaluation of the joint programme, traditional evaluation criteria


(relevance, efficiency, effectiveness, impact and sustainability) will apply with an
emphasis on results and on the joint programming process. The comprehensive
baseline study (as described in Paragraph 7.1 above) and data from the
monitoring activities will feed into a mid-term review of the Programme around
18 months into the Programme, and an independent final Programme evaluation
just prior to completion of the Programme. These will be participatory and will
involve key Programme stakeholders in Programme communities.
The mid-term review will be conducted about 18months into the Programme
implementation to assess the rate of physical progress and a general review of
the strategy of the planned interventions. The review will include an overall
prioritisation of the use of funds for the Programme objectives, and a review of
assumptions as well as the scope of PUNO tasks and GoG roles..
The evaluation will assess the relevance, efficiency, effectiveness, outcome
sustainability of Programme interventions. Focus will be on delivery of
Programme results against those planned, and will look at the impact
sustainability of Programme outcomes. It will include recommendations for
follow-up activities, lessons learnt and future programming.

and
the
and
any

The mid-term review and Evaluation of the Joint Programme will be


undertaken in accordance with the guidance from the United Nations
Evaluation Group (UNEG). Participating UN organizations will share
information and progress updates, and undertake joint monitoring and
evaluation where appropriate.

26

7.3 MONITORING AND EVALUATION TOOLS

The following M&E tools will be used to conduct monitoring and evaluation.
Monitoring Framework: This is key for the M&E system. It will be developed by the
M&E specialist on the Programme Management Team. It will include a monitoring
plan that will identify roles and responsibilities for monitoring, timing and
methodology for the Programme
Field visits: As per the Monitoring plan refered to above, field visits to areas of
programme interventions will be organized jointly and in a coordinated manner
with Government, UN agencies and other partners. This way the different
members of the team will use the same methodology to analyze and interpret
their observations allowing comparison among the visits and linking this exercise
to the monitoring and evaluation plan and activities.
Annual Reviews: Based on a draft of the annual Programme report, annual
reviews will be organized prior to the development of programme annual reports.
It is an opportunity to bring together the WASH in DPC programme partners and
stakeholders to discuss progress to date, find solutions to any identified
obstacles, discuss the results of the M&E Plan, formulate lessons learned, and
prepare the new Annual Work Plan.

8 REPORTING
Monthly short reports will be compiled by the Programme Management Team
under the responsibility of the Programme Manager and discussed during the
monthly meetings of PUNOs. PTC members will also receive a copy of the reports
and provide contributions to overcome shortfalls and/or highlight relevant
achievements for documentation purposes. A protocol will be developed for
these reports.
Every Six months or when either appropriate, the Administrative Agent will
provide the Donor and the Steering Committee with the following statements and
reports, based on submissions provided to the Administrative Agent by each
Participating UN Organization prepared in accordance with the accounting and
reporting procedures applicable to it, as set forth in the Joint Programme
Document:
(a) Annual consolidated narrative progress reports, based on annual narrative
progress reports received from Participating UN Organizations, to be
provided no later than three months (31 March) after the end of the
calendar year;
(b) Annual consolidated financial reports, based on annual financial
statements and reports, to be received from the Participating UN
Organizations, as of 31 December with respect to the funds disbursed to
them from the Joint Programme Account, to be provided no later than five
months (31 May) after the end of the calendar year;
(c) Final consolidated narrative report, based on final narrative reports
received from Participating UN Organizations after the completion of the
activities in the approved Joint Programme Document and including the
27

final year of the activities in the approved Joint Programme Document, to


be provided no later than seven months (31 July) of the year following the
financial closing of the Joint Programme. The final consolidated narrative
report will contain a summary of the results and achievements compared
to the goals and objectives of the Joint Programme.
(d) Final consolidated financial report, based on certified final financial
statements and final financial reports received from Participating UN
Organizations after the completion of the activities in the approved Joint
Programme Document and including the final year of the activities in the
approved Joint Programme Document, to be provided no later than seven
months (31 July) of the year following the financial closing of the Joint
Programme.
The Administrative Agent will provide the Donor, Steering Committee and
Participating UN Organizations with the following reports on its activities as
Administrative Agent:
(a) Certified annual interim financial statement (Source and Use of Funds as
defined by UNDG guidelines) to be provided no later than five months (31
May) after the end of the calendar year; and
(b) Certified final financial statement (Source and Use of Funds) to be
provided no later than 18 months of the year following the financial closing
of the Joint Programme.

9 COMMUNICATION / INFORMATION SHARING


AND ADVOCACY
The Programme Communication strategy will be designed by a communication
expert with the objective of promoting the visibility of the Programme. It will
include, but not limited to:
- Media Relations
- Public Awareness
- Public Communications
- Strengthening the capacity of relevant actors
Communication and Advocacy Channels
They will include:
- Print and electronic media, such as billboards, posters, site-signs, flyers,
brochures, TV and radio programmes, news coverage, video
documentaries, articles, publications
- Community-based media, such as folk songs, drama, poetry, storytelling,
etc.
- Activities, such as national conferences, public speeches, lobbying, special
events, seminars, field visits.
Advocacy will be channeled through opinion leaders, social groups, media,
celebrities Political leaders, religious leaders, and development partners are the
focus of the WASH in DPC programme. Advocacy work and advocacy will be
channeled through them.
PUNOs will be actively involved in the development and implementation of the
communication strategy to ensure the harmonization of all Agencies
28

communication requirements (with the involvement of UN Communication Group


as appropriate) in line with UN communicating as one.

10 SUSTAINABILITY AND SERVICE DELIVERY


10.1 - INSTITUTIONAL SUSTAINABILITY

The action is designed as a joint UN approach within the established contexts of


the relevant National WASH policies, strategies and plans. As explained in
paragraph 5.6, the capacity strengthening elements of the Programme will be
designed to ensure that the relevant institutions at the national, regional, district
and local levels have the required capacity to facilitate the post-programme
sustenance of the installed WASH facilities and services.

10.2 SUSTAINABILITY OF SERVICES DELIVERY / OPERATIONS AND


MAINTENANCE

Water and sanitation services delivery in the flood-prone communities will be


sustained over the design life and beyond. To ensure a sustainable approach in
delivering water supply and sanitation services, national standards and
guidelines are to be followed at all stages of the Programme cycle. Relevant
guidelines are provided by the CWSA and should be adhere to for the WASH in
DPC joint programme.
Through the District Technical Teams (DTT), communities will be mobilized to own
and manage the services and prepare Operations and Maintenance plans for the
community facilities and school based operational and management plans for
maintaining the installed facilities and the attendant services to be rendered in
line with the Community Ownership and Management Initiative. Water and
Sanitation Management Teams / DWD and Community based operators will
ensure maintenance of the facilities with support from the District Water and
Sanitation teams and the district based Area mechanics.

10.3 FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY


The community participatory approach to empower and fully involve women and
men in planning, decision-making and local management. , and will be used to
promote the payment of the agreed tariffs by the community members to
facilitate the management of the community facilities. Communities will pay for
the maintenance of community facilities through agreed tariffs, or other financial
arrangements as detailed out in the NCWSSP. Water and Sanitation Committees
and Hand pump caretakers at the community level will be trained and supported
by DWSTs and Area Mechanics to maintain water facilities effectively.

10.4 ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY

Implementation of the Programme will be guided by practices which ensure


environmental sustainability. The process of identifying resilient solutions will
ensure a focus on sanitation technologies that preserve environmental quality. To
that effect, the Programme will ensure that strategic environmental assessments

29

results of key sector policies, strategies and plans are effectively utilized in the
implementation of activities.
Depending on the scale of an intervention, an Environmental Impact Assessment
(EIA) under the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act or the environmental
standards of the Environmental Protection Agency may be required. An EIA
permit should be obtained from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
The education and awareness creation activities under the Programme will be
extended to deepen awareness on environmental conservation and good
environmental management practices. This will include facilitating close
collaboration between Contractors working with communities and MMDAs,
District Officers of EPA and other agencies/projects implementers, including NGOs
and CBOs.
UNDP will ensure that an assessment of the environmental effects of projects will
be carried out as early as practicable in the planning stages and before financial
assistance is allocated for the purpose of enabling the intervention to be carried
out until Ghana Environmental Protection agency or DFATD has determined that
the Programme is not likely to cause significant adverse environmental effects. In
order that this activity does not significantly affect the overall Programme
timelines, UNDP will prioritise this assessment.
In particular, the drilling of boreholes will be guided by standards of borehole
construction practice established by the Community Water and Sanitation Agency
(CWSA).
All water schemes to be constructed will undergo detailed water quality analysis
to assess the parameters in relation to the Ghana Drinking Water Quality
Standards (or the World Health Organization guideline values for the critical
water quality parameters as appropriate) to make decisions on the use of the
source in collaboration with the authorities.
Measures will be taken to ensure the siting of boreholes in a manner to mitigate
the impact of contamination from point sources including refuse dumps, latrines
as well as from unprotected water points including abandoned hand-dug wells.
UNICEF, in its CLTS and hygiene promotion interventions will further take
measures to avoid locating toilets and refuse dumps in locations that have
potential for seepage to contaminate ground water. Old abandoned wells are
particularly high risk points for ground water contamination, hence will be
addressed as part of the community level interventions.

30

ANNEXES

Annex 1 Programme related outputs and key activities


Annex 2 Responsibilities of Programme Core STAFF
Annex 2 Programme Performance Measurement Framework

31

ANNEX 1. PROGRAMME OVERVIEW


Key elements of the Programme include:

A- INCREASED ACCESS TO DISASTER-RESILIENT SANITATION


AND WATER FACILITIES
Key interventions in this area will focus on demand creation and service delivery
aspects, including:
Sanitation Marketing
The Programme will scale up sanitation marketing (SanMark) to address the lack
of local supply of affordable, desirable sanitation products and services, and
increase consumer demand for household investment in durable, hygienic
latrines. This will be done by helping local businesses to expand the private
supply of required products and services. The Programme will focus on
households as consumers through a user-centered approach to designing
affordable and desirable latrine products, and will provide support for local
businesses to profitably produce and sell these products using the 4Ps of
marketing product, price, place and promotion.
The Programme will engage small and medium-scale private sector businesses as
key partners in accelerating sanitation access through services such as latrine
construction, pit emptying, latrine components production and sales, and will
support consumers in decision-making processes. The Programme will support
social entrepreneurs to undertake market research, develop business models and
products, establish supply chains and market their products and services.
Technical support will be provided for the development of disaster resilient
products and their construction or installation.
Financing will be provided for the initial market facilitation activities but
businesses will be expected to provide their own core funds for operations.
Financing Options for Households
The current national approach for sanitation as outlined in Ghanas Rural
Sanitation Model and Strategy is a no-subsidy approach based on CLTS and
SanMark. Micro-finance for sanitation has been identified as one of the critical
interventions for accelerating improved sanitation uptake in the country. The
Programme will provide micro-credit for those who can afford to pay for their own
improved sanitation facilities but require credit to access the necessary up-front
investments. The design of the scheme will ensure that funds are directed to
those in real need of micro-credit.
The scheme will include options such as the establishment of Village Savings and
Loans Associations (VSLAs) in rural communities. Micro-credit will also be
provided to these VSLAs by Micro Finance Institutions to enable members to
access latrine products and services. The VSLAs will provide the guarantee
required for payment through their solidarity groups, and will deploy their own
mechanisms for retrieving loans from these groups.
As recommended in the MAF Country Action Plan for sanitation, the Programme
will work with MLGRD, as well as with the MMDAs, to establish and manage the
microcredit schemes.
The Programme will also facilitate cash transfers (grants) to the poorest
households among the Programme beneficiaries, as identified through the
Livelihood Empowerment against Poverty (LEAP) and consistent with findings of
the initial Programme gender analysis, to ensure their access to sustainable
improved latrines. Cash transfers will be disbursed incrementally, with individual
32

household and community conditionalities to be met at each stage. These


households will also be the target of focused sanitation and hygiene promotion
including hand washing with soap and household water treatment and safe
storage.
Water Supply
There are a wide range of potential flooding impacts on water supply
technologies, including flood damage to infrastructure, increased contamination,
deteriorating water quality, and increased treatment requirements. There is also
the issue of reduced availability from the source, particularly in the case of
droughts.
In the three northern regions, small community-owned and managed drinking
water facilities are the common water supply system. However, inadequate
operation and maintenance can cause frequent failures and contamination, and
flood occurrences can adversely affect the operation of the systems.
The Programme will install resilient but cost-effective water supply systems to the
selected disaster-prone communities. The Programme will also facilitate
preparedness of the community management structures to potential disasters,
and deliver hygiene education and awareness promotion activities.
The communities will fall under the categories of rural communities or small
towns. For the rural communities, the technological options normally available
include: protected communal hand-dug well with hand pump, communal borehole
equipped with hand pump, protected spring source, with or without a simple
distribution network and storage, rainwater harvesting system, or piped system
with limited distribution network. In the case of small towns, these options may
include: a mechanized borehole with overhead tank, limited distribution network
and communal stand-pipes (with or without household connections), or a surface
water supply system with slow sand filtration for treatment.
Specific assumptions and design parameters for system designs will be based on
the CWSA regulations with appropriate consideration for resilience to disasters as
indicated above. This requires that:

The water facility provides all year round safe water to community
members
The water facility provides access to a minimum, 20 liters of water per day,
per person
Water systems serve maximum 300 persons, and hand-dug wells 150
persons maximum.
The maximum walking distance to a water facility must be equal to or less
than 500 metres.

Water systems for the WASH in Disaster-prone Communities Programme will be


based mainly on groundwater sources, and will be designed for disaster
resilience. Following groundwater investigations, a minimum yield of 10 litres per
minute is required for borehole construction and pump installation in Programme
communities. Water systems will be a minimum of 50 metres from sanitation
facilities, garbage disposal points, cemeteries, or any other known source of
potential contamination.
Where surface water sources are the only option, the focus will be on minimizing
pollution. Criteria for the planning, design and construction of distribution storage
reservoirs, distribution systems up to the consumer points will be based on
existing CWSA processes.
Sanitation Facilities
33

Construction or extension of disaster-resilient institutional sanitation


infrastructures will be undertaken in both schools and communities. The
infrastructures will be managed by institutions.
Capacity Building
Capacity building activities for sanitation will focus on strengthening sanitation
marketing expertise among identified community members and facilitators, in
particular on new skills related to flood-resistant infrastructure, and will deliver
latrine artisan training focused on youth in beneficiary communities. The
Programme will also provide support to Government of Ghana (GoG) at the
national and local levels to play the required leadership roles in facilitating,
regulating and monitoring the sanitation market so that suppliers can continue to
grow their businesses and reach more consumers long after initial market
facilitation activities have ended. Government staff will be trained and supported
to establish SanMark teams at all levels to oversee activities. These oversight
activities will include the development of standards and regulations on sanitation
marketing.

A2- Improved hygiene behaviours


CLTS
As part of the enabling elements identified in the MAF, CLTS will be implemented
in disaster-prone communities to stop open defecation, create demand for
sanitation at the household level, accelerate coverage for household latrines, and
promote hand washing with soap. CLTS implementation will be complemented by
a mass media campaign aimed at stopping open defecation.
WASH in Schools
In accordance to the minimum standards for WASH in Schools this component
will ensure safe water and gender-segregated and appropriate sanitation facilities
in beneficiary schools. Furthermore, schools will be a key dissemination points for
hygiene promotion messages. The WASH in Schools component, under
SHEP/GES, will complement the CLTS approach to reinforce disaster resiliency in
communities. Values-based components, including the Values-Based WASH
Education (VB-WASH-Ed) approach (explain further), will also be implemented in
schools and communities to reinforce health and hygiene messaging.

A3- Strengthened disaster resiliency at the community level


Programme activities will be in line with relevant national strategies regarding
disasters in human settlements, water supply and sanitation. A solid base-line
study, including gender analysis, will determine best Programme interventions to
increase emergency preparedness and response in beneficiary communities.
Disaster resiliency activities will include (but not be limited to):
a) Identifying resilient strategies and technologies appropriate for the
beneficiary communities, including emergency WASH kits and logistics for
disaster response.
b) Develop recommendations for disaster-resilient WASH solutions in
locations, including the safe havens to be agreed on jointly with NADMO
that require resilient technology options.
c) Establish a database of WASH services and prepare inventory of WASH
needs focusing on resilience and the specific circumstances of vulnerable,
marginalized and excluded groups.
d) Review the CWSA minimum standards for WASH interventions and
indicators with due focus on resilience.
34

e) Implement resilient WASH facilities and systems in schools, communities,


and households.
f) Institute measures to ensure post-Programme sustainable management
and operations of WASH facilities provided through the Programme. This
may be in the form of a sustainability protocol between the MLGRD, as the
lead GoG institution, and the district assemblies.
All activities will fully involve the beneficiary communities. Implementation will be
by the relevant MDAs and MMDAs in close collaboration with the UN partners who
will provide appropriate oversight of the process.

A4- Increased regional, district and local capacity for sustainable


management of WASH facilities
This initiative will facilitate measures for translating policy and coordination work
(upstream work) to community level delivery of services (downstream work). The
Programme will provide support to enable GoG stakeholders, including MLGRD,
MMDAs, MWRWH, NADMO, Ministry of Education and others, to provide the
required enabling environment for resilient services to be sustained. Based on an
initial needs assessment, training materials will be prepared for capacity building
among GoG structures responsible for WASH at the regional, district levels, and
the community management teams in the beneficiary communities.
The Programme will also address issues of capacity strengthening for sector
planning, monitoring and evaluation, knowledge management and advocacy
required as part of the implementation and delivery of improved WASH services
to people living in disaster-prone communities in Ghana.

B- EXPECTED RESULTS

The action will deliver an integrated package of WASH infrastructure and services
improvements to communities and schools, with due consideration for solutions
that are resilient particularly to Climate related disasters, hygiene promotion, and
capacity building activities for the main stakeholders, within the framework of
National WASH priorities. It will provide tangible improvements in living
conditions for an estimated 200,000 women and men living in 265 disaster prone
communities and contribute to the achievement of the Millennium Development
Goals for poverty reduction and environmental sustainability in the region. The
expected ultimate outcome of the Programme is reduced burden of WASH-related
diseases among men, women, boys and girls in disaster-prone communities in
Northern Ghana.

B1- Intermediate Outcomes

Increased equitable use of disaster-resilient improved sanitation and water


facilities by people in disaster-prone communities in Northern Ghana
Improved hygiene practices among women, men, girls and boys before,
during and after disasters in disaster-prone communities in Northern
Ghana
Improved planning and implementation of WASH
programs by local
institutions

B2- Immediate Outcomes


Increased access to disaster-resilient sanitation and water facilities:

35

Increased access to gender-sensitive, child-friendly, disaster-resilient and


improved sanitation and water facilities in schools and communities in
targeted DPCs
Improved capacity of community members and schools to maintain
disaster-resilient and improved water and sanitation facilities
Increased knowledge and capacity of youth in disaster-prone communities
in Northern Ghana to construct and maintain disaster-resilient and
improved sanitation and water facilities in communities and schools
Improved hygiene behaviours:
Increased ability to treat water and adopt safe HWTS practices before,
during and after emergency situations, at household level and school
Enhanced capacity of water and sanitation management teams and
communities to enforce open-defecation-free by-laws in targeted disasterprone communities
Increased knowledge of hygiene, public health and environmental WASH
issues amongst the population, particularly children, youth and women in
disaster-prone communities
Increased regional, district and local capacity for sustainable management of
WASH facilities:
Strengthened capacity of local officials in planning, implementation,
monitoring and evaluation of gender-sensitive and disaster-resilient WASH
programs
Strengthened capacity of local institutions to deliver disaster-resilient
WASH services in disaster-prone communities in Northern Ghana
B3 - Outputs
Increased access to disaster-resilient sanitation and water facilities:
Improved child, gender, and disability-friendly, and disaster-resilient
latrines constructed in schools
Improved disaster-resilient household sanitation facilities constructed
Water supply systems constructed in communities and schools
Households provided with micro credit for construction of disaster-resilient
sanitation facilities
Awareness-building workshops, open forums etc. conducted re: use of
improved sanitation and water facilities
Community members trained to operate and maintain WASH facilities
Schools trained to maintain and manage WASH facilities.
Community Water & Sanitation Management teams formed and functional.
Strengthened capacity of WSMTs in planning and implementation of WASH
projects.
Rural Sanitation Model and Strategy rolled out in DPC districts.
Youth in DPCs trained in construction of disaster- resilient WASH facilities.
Youth equipped with resources/tools to construct and maintain disaster
resilient WASH facilities
Improved hygiene behaviours:
Safe water storage facilities provided in schools and households
School health and hygiene promotion clubs formed and functional
Community members trained to promulgate and/or update ODF by-laws
Educational campaigns delivered for school children , men and women on
the benefits of hand washing with soap and HWTS
Communities and schools trained in safe excreta disposal and HWWS
36

Communities and schools provided training in water treatment and safe


storage
Awareness-creation workshop, open forums etc. in relation to hygiene,
hand washing, safe water storage and open defecation for community
members and school health committees held
Increased regional, district and local capacity for sustainable management of
WASH facilities:
Local officials trained in planning , implementation and management of
disaster-resilient WASH projects
Financial and logistical support for strengthening of WASH systems in
disaster-prone communities provided
B4 - KEY ACTIVITIES

Undertake a process for selection of beneficiary communities and schools;


Conduct baseline study of the 3 Northern Regions and put in place
database system;
Establish a database on WASH facilities and services for the selected
communities and schools, including safe havens;
Identify potential WASH interventions for the selected communities and
schools including safe havens
Assess on the ground characteristics in the communities, schools, including
safe havens, and propose resilient WASH solutions for locations that
require resilient options;
Review minimum standards for WASH interventions and indicators (with
due focus on resilience) and propose measures for subsequent policy
discussions and uptake
Establish a campaign to promote the social norms of using latrines and not
defecating in the open with a focus on the disaster prone communities
Sustainable implementation of CLTS in Communities to ensure latrine
uptake
WASH technology assessment, development and dissemination of
guidelines
Provide institutional sanitation facilities in schools and communal facilities
in safe havens (including health centers)
Provide access to resilient and safe drinking water facilities
Promote measures for the adoption of good hygiene practices
Enhance capacity of field officers and National and Local government
WASH authorities
Assist with measures to enhance preparedness to disasters by beneficiary
communities as complement to other national efforts
Undertake monitoring, evaluation and follow up actions.

37

ANNEX 2. RESPONSIBILITIES OF PROGRAMME CORE STAFF


I.
Program Manager
The Program Coordinator duties and responsibilities will include:
Work with the Programme partners to: facilitate the set-up of the
Programme Management and Coordination structures;
Lead the process for a comprehensive baseline information gathering,
collation and management to inform subsequent Programme monitoring
activities;
Coordinate efforts with other the UN partner organisations and assist in
the preparation of guidelines, manuals and operating procedures for the
Programme components
Develop mechanisms for ensuring systematic mainstreaming of cross
cutting issues of gender, youth and human rights in the Programme
activities;
Plan resource requirements and set priorities for the implementation of
activities and the allocation of inputs;
Collaborate with UN partners and National implementation partners
Provide oversight of the financial, contractual and budgetary aspects of
the Programme; Monitor emerging needs and offer assistance in
meeting those needs; Provide timely, appropriate technical and
management advice to the Programme team
Work with national implementation partners to identify capacity building
needs, develop proposals and provide technical assistance
Continuously coordinate and monitor Programme progress; Ensure
periodic assessment of field results achieved and organize external
reviews;
Informs the Steering Committee members of any agreement reached by
stakeholders during the preparation of annual and End of programme
reports to be submitted to the SC
Liaise closely with DFATD, UN partner organisations and national partner
institutions, and target communities on requests for information on the
Programme activities;
Follow up on implementation of the outcomes of the SC meetings.
Ensure proper documentation of positive and negative programme
experiences, prepare technical working papers and reports originating
from the projects
Engage with and contribute during National level sector processes and
policy advocacy efforts in WASH in disaster prone areas
II.

Assistant Program Manager


Support the Programme manager in the actual Programme roll out in the
three (3) northern regions of Ghana, working closely with the other two
WASH specialist experts and more specifically work with the target
communities and the implementing partners;
Assist the Programme manager in the process for a comprehensive
baseline information gathering, collation and management to inform
subsequent activities;
Participate in the preparation of guidelines, manuals and operating
procedures for all the Programme components;
Provide inputs to proposals in response to opportunities for resource
mobilization efforts.
Provide field leadership in operationalizing resilient WASH solutions to
increase access to services in disaster prone communities in the 3
Northern Regions;
38

III.

Be the focal point of the Ghana wash Programme in the field in


promoting education programmes and awareness of hygiene practices
to improve the sanitation and health conditions in the beneficiary
communities and schools;
Support the Programme in enhancing local capacity in the beneficiary
communities to sustainably manage the WATSAN facilities and related
services to be put in place; and
Contribute to measures to enhance the preparedness to disasters and
minimize future risks in the communities;
Identify and report emerging needs, and assist with Programme reviews
to identify/initiate complementary actions to meet such needs
Perform any other management and operational and duties assigned by
the Programme manager.
Monitor Programme progress in relation to approved work plans and
objectives and work with the Programme manager to carryout corrective
measures as required;
Support periodic assessment of field results achieved and provide inputs
to external reviews;
Support the Programme manager in ensuring proper documentation of
positive and negative programme experiences;
Contribute to the preparation of technical working papers and reports
originating from the projects;
Undertake any other duties within the incumbent's area of competence
which may reasonably be required by the Programme manager and the
Leader of the Water and Sanitation Unit.

Monitoring and Evaluation Specialist


Review survey methods for baseline and monitoring assessments of
WASH infrastructure and practice at the community level
Oversee the design and implementation of a monitoring and evaluation
framework for the programme in collaboration with the national
implementing partners
Develop field survey tools (including both quantitative and qualitative
methods) and protocols for collecting, cleaning and storing M&E data
Establish a database for the WASH in DPCs Programme with appropriate
links to EMIS, DIMES and MINTESSA
Work with the Programme Manager and Programme team to incorporate
programme M&E indicators into the database platform to facilitate
continuous programme monitoring and evaluation.
Identify and acquire tools to facilitate analysis of the WASH in DPCs
database for subsequent, monitoring and evaluation, and reporting on
the programme Indicators.
Develop, test and implement participatory approaches for monitoring
and evaluation at community and Programme level
Work with and strengthen the capacity of implementing partners on
Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation, using both formal and
experiential learning methods
Work with the Programme team to organize and train programme
implementation partners and teams to collect, clean and input
monitoring and evaluation data for subsequent analysis
Implement and supervise regular field surveys to collect data on the
programme, including training of enumerators, and ensuring quality
assurance standards and checks

39

IV.

Contribute to the development and use of impact indicators for


evaluating the outcomes and impacts of the programme
Carry out data analysis for M&E and impact assessment of the
programme using qualitative and quantitative methods and produce
summary report tables to monitor progress towards achievement of the
target programme outputs and outcomes.
Work in close collaboration with the Programme Manager to oversee the
Mid Term and end of programme evaluation of the WASH in DPC
programme
Work with the Programme team to implement the training and capacity
building activities of the Programme and oversee the Monitoring and
Evaluation components
Manage and regularly update and maintain baseline and M&E
databases;
Contribute to the production of publications including M&E reports,
annual reports and policy briefs in collaboration with UN Habitat team.

Administrative assistants
Organize and ensure effective management of Programme secretariat;
Be responsible for day-to-day Programme correspondence, information
sharing and filing;
File and maintain correspondences (letters, fax, e-mail,), reports and
all documents related to programme implementation;
Implement the existing filling system adopted by the office;
Maintain records on all Programme personnel and local consultants and
their respective status;
Receive and transmit phone call messages;
Ensure the availability of an updated list of addresses of different
partners involved in the Programme implementation;
Make pertinent logistical arrangements for the prompt and effective
implementation of the programme activities;
Provide support to international advisors;
Draft minutes of Steering Committee meetings;
Monitor budget expenditures and maintain a proper record of approved
Programme budgets and their revisions;
Prepare proposals for budget revisions;
Prepare and submit expenditure and programme budget status reports;
Advise and assist international advisors and national consultants on all
aspects of allowances, travel claims and other financial matters;
Undertake other financial and administrative tasks on an ad hoc basis.
Arrange for equipment maintenance and insurance as required;
Ensure that contractual processes follow the stipulated UN procedures;
Physically clear and ensure delivery of equipment and supplies procured
for the various programme sites;
Maintain an equipment and spare inventory including verification and
transfer when required.

V.
-

Gender specialist
Support gender mainstreaming activities in the Water, Sanitation and
Hygiene in Disaster Prone Communities in Northern Ghana, including an
assessment of implementation strategy and activities, planning and
monitoring tools, and technical capacity on gender and identify gaps and
opportunities.

40

Support WASH in Disaster Prone Communities in Northern Ghana and


partners to revise planning documents, and integrate gender into results
frameworks, indicators and related monitoring and results tracking
systems.
Report on the participation of men and women and recommend
opportunities for them to participate in Programme activities
Contribute to research and studies relevant to gender policy development
and implementation and/or contribute to gender sensitization and skill
building activities
Develop a series of core training modules on the practical dimensions of
gender responsive programming the WASH programme.
Collect and make available to partners gender-disaggregated data and
other gender-related information on Programme activities, where
appropriate.
Liaise with key gender-related NGOs, regional (Northern Ghana) and
national institutions for purposes of information-sharing, networking and
operational collaboration;
Ensure that Programme Completion Reports specifically identify gender
gaps and reflect gender related Programme success and learning
experience;
Prepare a case study documenting the learning from the initiative with a
focus on programmatic as well as institutional dimensions.

41

ANNEX 3. PROGRAMME PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT FRAMEWORK


EXPECTED RESULTS1

INDICATORS2

TARGETS3

BASELINE DATA

DATA SOURCES

DATA
COLLECTION
METHODS

FREQUENCY

RESPONSIBILITY

ULTIMATE OUTCOME
U5 mortality rates by
region (3 northern
regions-Northern ,
Upper West & Upper
East)
1000 Reduced burden of water,
sanitation and hygiene (WASH)
related diseases among men,
women, boys and girls in Disaster
Prone Communities(DPCs) in
Northern Ghana

National= 82 (per
1,000 live births);

NR=124;

Survey

Every 2 years

GSS

GDHS/MICS

Survey

Every 2 years

GSS

GDHS/MICS

Survey

Every 2 years

GSS

GDHS/MICS

Survey

Every 2 years

GSS

53per 1000 live


births (MDG target
for Ghana)

UE= 98;

GDHS/MICS

UW=108
National=12.7%;
Prevalence of diarrhoea
in the 3 northern
NR=21.4%;
regions
UE=15.8%;

N/A

UW=12.5%
INTERMEDIATE OUTCOMES
1100 Increased equitable use of
disaster-resilient improved sanitation
and water facilities by people in
DPCs in Northern Ghana

Percentage of
population with access
to improved disaster
resilient sanitation
facilities in the 3
northern regions
Percentage of
population with access
to safe drinking water
sources in the 3
northern regions

National=15.0%;

52% (MDG target)

NR=5.2%
UE=3.0%;

NR=7.7%;
EU=5.5%;

UW=5.2%

UW= 7.7% (2016)

NR=68.4%

NR=70.9;

UE=78.3%;
UW=88.6%

UE=80.8%;
UW=88.6% (2016)

42

EXPECTED RESULTS1

INDICATORS2

Percentage of rural
population with
sustainable access to
safe drinking water
sources in the 3
northern regions

BASELINE DATA

NR=63.65% (2011)
UER=59.64% (2011)
UWR=76.94%
(2011)

Number (out of
200,000) of women,
men, boys and girls with
access to improved
Total =
disaster resilient
sanitation facilities in
DPCs
Women=
Number (out of
200,000) of women,
men, boys and girls with Men =
access to safe water in
DPCs
Girls =
Girls assessment of
suitability of improved
disaster resilient
sanitation facilities in
DPCs by region

TARGETS3

Boys =
TBD

DATA SOURCES

DATA
COLLECTION
METHODS

FREQUENCY

RESPONSIBILITY

GoG Annual
Progress
Report(APR);

Report

Annually

UNDP/UNHabitat/NDPC

Project
Completion
Report

Report/evaluatio
n

3 years

UNDP/UN-Habitat

Baseline/midter
m and end line
studies

UNDP/UN-Habitat

Total = 200,000

Women=TBD

Men =TBD

Girls =TBD
Boys =TBD
TBD

Baseline report;
progress reports;

Report

Rating scale: 1, Highly


unsatisfactory, 2.
Unsatisfactory, 3
Neither satisfactory or
unsatisfactory, 4.

43

EXPECTED RESULTS1

INDICATORS2

BASELINE DATA

TARGETS3

DATA SOURCES

DATA
COLLECTION
METHODS

FREQUENCY

RESPONSIBILITY

Satisfactory, 5. Highly
satisfactory
Number and
Percentage of
population (m/f)
practising hand washing
with soap in DPCs
Baseline report;
200 progress report

Report

Annually

UNDP/UN-Habitat

TBD

1200 Improved hygiene practices


among women, men, girls and boys
before, during and after disasters in
DPCs in Northern Ghana

Number of school
children (m/f) practising
hand washing with sop
in DPCs
Baseline report;
progress reports;
Number of school
children (m/f) having
access to improved
disaster resilient
sanitation facilities in
target DPCs

Number of
communities in DPCs
with access to disaster
resilient sanitation
facilities (3 northern
regions)

TBD

50

EMIS for WASH


in schools

Report

Annually

UNDP/UN-Habitat

265

Baseline report;
progress reports

Report

Annually

UNDP/UN-Habitat

44

EXPECTED RESULTS1

1300 Improved planning and


implementation of WASH programs
by local institutions

IMMEDIATE OUTCOMES
1110 Increased access to gendersensitive, child-friendly , disasterresilient and improved sanitation
and water facilities in schools and
communities in DPCs

INDICATORS2

BASELINE DATA

Number of communities
practising household
water treatment and
safe storage in DPCs (3
northern regions)
TBD
Number of people (m/f)
using household water
treatment and safe
storage systems
Number of districts with
roll-out implementation
0
programs of WASH in
DPCs
Effectiveness of district
WASH implementation
program
Rating scale: 1, Highly
unsatisfactory, 2.
Unsatisfactory, 3
Neither satisfactory or
unsatisfactory, 4.
Satisfactory, 5. Highly
satisfactory
Number of targeted
districts with functional TBD (very limited)
NADMO offices
Number and
Percentage of
population (m/f) aware
of the 3 behaviours for
improved hygiene
practices (- hand
washing with soap, safe

TBD

TARGETS3

DATA SOURCES

DATA
COLLECTION
METHODS

FREQUENCY

RESPONSIBILITY

265

Baseline report;
progress reports;
Annual project
reports

Report

Annually

UNDP/UN-Habitat

24

Baseline report;
progress reports

Report

Annually

UNDP/UN-Habitat

24

Baseline report;
progress reports

Field visits,
Report

Annually

UNDP/UN-Habitat

Annually

UNDP/UN-Habitat

2.5% increase from


baseline figure

Baseline report;
Report
Annual project
reports; project
completion reports

45

EXPECTED RESULTS1

INDICATORS2

BASELINE DATA

excreta disposal and


household water
treatment and safe
storage- ) in DPCs in 3
northern regions
Number (out of total) of
basic schools in DPCs
with gender and
TBD
disability friendly
latrines
Number of women and
men trained to
construct and maintain
disaster resilient and
0 (sex
improved sanitation and disaggregated)
1120 Improved capacity of
water facilities in
community members and schools to DPCs(3 northern
maintain disaster resilient and
regions)
improved water and sanitation
# of schools trained to
facilities
maintain disaster
resilient and improved
TBD
sanitation and water
facilities in DPCs(3
northern regions)
1130 Increased knowledge and
# of communities with
0
capacity of youth in DPCs in
youth trained to
northern Ghana to construct and
construct and maintain
maintain disaster resilient and
disaster resilient and
improved sanitation and water
improved sanitation and
facilities in communities and schools. water facilities in
schools and
communities in DPCs in
northern Ghana

TARGETS3

DATA SOURCES

DATA
COLLECTION
METHODS

FREQUENCY

RESPONSIBILITY

TBD

Baseline report;
Annual project
Report
reports; project
completion reports

Annually

UNDP/UN-Habitat

400

Training and
Capacity building
reports

Report

Annually

UNDP/UN-Habitat

100%

Baseline report;
Training and
Capacity building
reports

Report

Annually

UNDP/UN-Habitat

Report

Annually

UNDP/UN-Habitat

265

Baseline report;
Training and
Capacity building
reports

46

EXPECTED RESULTS1

INDICATORS2

# of youth
(male/female) trained to
construct and maintain
WASH facilities in DPCs
Number of Water and
Sanitation Management
Teams (WSMTs)(out of
total) provided training
in household water
1210 Increased ability of community treatment and safe
members and schools to treat water storage systems in
DPCs in the 3 northern
and adopt safe water storage
regions
practices before, during and after
emergency situations
% schools provided
training in household
water treatment and
safe storage systems in
DPCs in the 3 northern
regions
1220 Enhance capacity of WSMTs % of WSMTs trained in
and communities to enforce OpenWASH management,
Defecation Free (ODF) by-laws in
advocacy and related
DPCs
issues
.
# of WSMT members
(m/f) trained in WASH
management, advocacy
and related issues
% of WSMTs trained to
enforce ODF bye laws
in DPCs

DATA
COLLECTION
METHODS

TARGETS3

DATA SOURCES

TBD

Baseline report;
Training and
Capacity building
reports

Report

Annually

UNDP/UN-Habitat

265

Baseline report;
Annual project
reports

Report

Annually

UNDP/UN-Habitat

100%

Baseline report;
Training and
Capacity building
reports

Report

Annually

UNDP/UN-Habitat

100%

Baseline report;
Training and
Capacity building
reports

Report

Annually

UNDP/UN-Habitat

Report

Annually

UNDP/UN-Habitat

Report

Annually

UNDP/UN-Habitat

BASELINE DATA

TBD

TBD

TBD

100%

Baseline report;
Training and
Capacity building
reports
Baseline report;
Training and
Capacity building
reports

FREQUENCY

RESPONSIBILITY

47

EXPECTED RESULTS1

INDICATORS2

# of women WSMT
members (out of total)
trained in ODF
# of DPCs that have
1230 Increased knowledge of
received disaster
hygiene, public health and
resilient hygiene, public
environmental WASH issues
health and
amongst the population, particularly
environmental
children, youth and women in DPCs
education
# of local officials (m/f)
1310 Strengthened capacity of local
trained in disaster
officials in planning, implementation,
resilient WASH service
monitoring and evaluation of genderdelivery, RBM and
sensitive and disaster-resilient
gender equality (3
WASH programs
northern regions)

TARGETS3

TBD

TBD

Training report

Report

Annually

UNDP/UN-Habitat

265

Baseline report;
Training and
Capacity building
reports; Annual
project reports

Report

Annually

UNDP/UN-Habitat

Baseline report;
Training and
Capacity building
reports; Annual
project reports

Report

Annually

UNDP/UN-Habitat

Report

Annually

UNDP/UN-Habitat

Report

Annually

UNDP/UN-Habitat

Annually

UNDP/UN-Habitat

Total = 0

Total = 117

Male = 0
Female = 0

Male = TBD
Female = TBD

DATA SOURCES

# of local institutions
(DAs/NADMO) that
have received disaster
resilient WASH training
in the 3 northern
regions.

24

Baseline report;
Training and
Capacity building
reports; Annual
project reports;
NADMO disaster
reports.

1111 Improved child, gender-,


disability-friendly and disasterresilient latrines constructed in
schools

Number of child/girl
,disability friendly and
disaster-resilient
improved school latrines
constructed/rehabilitate
d

125

Baseline report;
Annual project
reports

1112 Improved disaster- resilient


household sanitation facilities
constructed

Number of disaster
resilient household
improved sanitation
facilities constructed/or
rehabilitated

TBD

TBD

Baseline report;
Annual project
reports

1320 Strengthened capacity of local


institutions to deliver disaster
resilient WASH services in DPCs in
Northern Ghana.

DATA
COLLECTION
METHODS

BASELINE DATA

FREQUENCY

RESPONSIBILITY

OUTPUTS

48

EXPECTED RESULTS1

INDICATORS2

Number of communities
with functional disasterresilient water systems
1113 Water systems constructed in in place
communities and schools
Number of schools with
functional disasterresilient water systems
in place.
# of established and
functional microfinance
for household sanitation
facilities.
1114 Households provided with
micro credit for construction of
Number of women
disaster resilient sanitation facilities households (out of total)
who have accessed
microcredit to construct
latrines
Number of awareness
and sensitization
meetings/fora held in
1115 Awareness building workshops,
schools and
open forums etc conducted re: use
communities
of improved sanitation and water
Total
facilities conducted
-Schools

DATA
COLLECTION
METHODS

BASELINE DATA

TARGETS3

265

Baseline report;
Annual project
reports

Annually

UNDP/UN-Habitat

TBD

Baseline report;
Annual project
reports

Annually

UNDP/UN-Habitat

24

Microfinance
establishment/
agreements;
project reports

Report, Field
visits

Annually

UNDP/UN-Habitat

TBD

Baseline report;
Annual Progress
reports

Report

Annually

UNDP/UN-Habitat

Baseline report;
Annual Progress
reports

Reports

Annually

UNDP/UN-Habitat

Report

Annually

UNDP/UN-Habitat

Report

Annually

UNDP/UN-Habitat

DATA SOURCES

FREQUENCY

RESPONSIBILITY

7,02

NA

2,25
4,77

-Communities
Number of WSMT
1121 Community members trained to
members (M/F) trained
operate and maintain WASH
to operate and maintain
facilities
WASH facilities

TBD

TBD

Number of schools
1122 Schools trained to maintain and
trained to maintain and
manage WASH facilities.
manage WASH facilities

125

Baseline report,
Annual Progress
Report, Training
report
Baseline report;
Training and
Capacity building
reports

49

EXPECTED RESULTS1

INDICATORS2

1123 Community Water & Sanitation


Management teams formed and
functional

Number of community
water & sanitation
management teams
formed and functional

1124 Strengthened capacity WSMT


in planning and implementation of
WASH projects

Number of WSMT
members(M/F) trained
in planning and
implementation of
WASH projects

1131 Rural Sanitation Model and


Strategy rolled out in DPC districts.
1132 Youth in DPCs trained in
construction of disaster- resilient
facilities

1133 Youth equipped with


resources/tools to construct and
maintain disaster resilient facilities

1211 Safe water storage facilities


provided in schools and households

1212 School health and hygiene


promotion clubs formed and

Number of districts
where Rural Sanitation
Model and Strategy
rolled out
Number of youth (M/F)
in DPCs trained in
construction of disasterresilient facilities (3
northern regions)
Number of youth (M/F)
equipped with
resources/tools to
construct and maintain
disaster-resilient
facilities
Number of schools
provided with safe
water storage facilities
for disaster
preparedness
Number of school
health clubs established

DATA
COLLECTION
METHODS

TARGETS3

DATA SOURCES

265

Baseline report;
Training and
Capacity building
reports; Annual
progress report

Report

Annually

UNDP/UN-Habitat

TBD

Baseline report;
Training and
Capacity building
reports

Report

Annually

UNDP/UN-Habitat

24

Annual report

Report

Annually

UNDP/UN-Habitat

400

Baseline report;
Training and
Capacity building
reports

Report

Annually

UNDP/UN-Habitat

400

Baseline report;
Training and
Capacity building
reports; Annual
project reports

Report

Annually

UNDP/UN-Habitat

NA

TBD

Annual project
reports; project
completion report

Report

Annually

UNDP/UN-Habitat

125

Report

Annually

UNDP/UN-Habitat

BASELINE DATA

Baseline report;
Annual reports

FREQUENCY

RESPONSIBILITY

50

EXPECTED RESULTS1

INDICATORS2

to promote health and


hygiene in schools
Number of community
WSMTs trained to
formulate/establish ODF
1221 Community members trained to
bye- laws
formulate ODF by-laws
Number of DPCs that
are ODF

DATA
COLLECTION
METHODS

BASELINE DATA

TARGETS3

DATA SOURCES

265

Training and
Capacity building
reports

Report

Annually

UNDP/UN-Habitat

265

Baseline report;
Annual Progress
reports

Report

Annually

UNDP/UN-Habitat

Baseline report;
Annual Progress
reports

Report

Annually

UNDP/UN-Habitat

Report

Annually

UNDP/UN-Habitat

Report

Annually

UNDP/UN-Habitat

Report

Annually

UNDP/UN-Habitat

Report

Annually

UNDP/UN-Habitat

FREQUENCY

RESPONSIBILITY

functional

1231 Educational campaigns


delivered for school children , men
and women on the benefits of hand
washing with soap

1232 Communities and school


children trained in safe excreta
disposal

1233 Communities and school


children provided training in water
treatment and storage
1234 Awareness-building workshop,
open forums etc in relation to
hygiene, hand washing and open
defecation for community members

Number of hand
washing sensitization
meetings/forums held
with schools and
communities
-Total
-Schools
-Communities
Number of WSMTs
trained in safe excreta
disposal
Number of schools
trained in safe excreta
disposal
Number of communities
trained in water
treatment and storage
Number of schools in
DPCs trained in water
treatment and storage
Number of ODF
sensitization forums
held for DPCs (3
northern region)

7,02
NA
2,25
4,77

265

125

265

125

TBD

Training and
Capacity building
reports
Training and
Capacity building
reports
Training and
Capacity building
reports
Training and
Capacity building
reports
Baseline report;
Annual Progress
reports

Report

UNDP/UN-Habitat

51

EXPECTED RESULTS1

and school health committees held

1311 Local officials trained in


planning , implementation and
management of disaster-resilient
WASH projects

INDICATORS2
Number of beneficiaries
(M/F) of WASH
sensitization forums in
DPCs
Number of ODF
sensitization forums
held for schools
Number of beneficiaries
(girls/boys) of ODF
sensitization forums in
DPC schools
Number of regional
officials trained to plan,
implement and manage
WASH in DPC projects
Number of district
officials (M/F) trained to
plan, implement and
manage WASH in DPC
projects

Number of regional
offices provided with
logistics to manage
WASH in DPCs
Number of district
1321 Financial and logistical support offices provided with
for strengthening of WASH systems logistics to manage
in DPCs provided
WASH in DPCs
Number of district
officials trained and
supported to establish
SanMark in DPCs

DATA
COLLECTION
METHODS

BASELINE DATA

TARGETS3

TBD

TBD

Baseline and
Annual Progress
reports

Report

Annually

UNDP/UN-Habitat

2,25

Training and
Capacity building
reports

Report

Annually

UNDP/UN-Habitat

TBD

TBD

Training and
Capacity building
reports

Report

Annually

UNDP/UN-Habitat

TBD

TBD

Training and
Capacity building
reports

Report

Annually

UNDP/UN-Habitat

Report

Annually

UNDP/UN-Habitat

DATA SOURCES

FREQUENCY

RESPONSIBILITY

Annual Progress
reports;
0

100

Progress reports

Report

Annually

UNDP/UN-Habitat

24

Progress report

Report

Annually

UNDP/UN-Habitat

TBD

Baseline report;
Annual Progress
report; Training
and Capacity
building reports

Report

Annually

UNDP/UN-Habitat

TBD

Training and
Capacity building
reports

52

53

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