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Detailed Break up
Amplifier black box structure, difference between bias and signal to be amplified, concept of
biasing, definition of gain (stress that it is AC signal gain).
Biasing schemes (fixing IB). Dependence of IC on beta. expression for gain. Hence bias and gain
instability when beta or temp changes
Biasing scheme (Include RE). Derive expression for IC. IC independent of beta for high RE. Write
expression for gain. Hence stability of bias and gain. but at the cost of reduced gain
Add signal using capacitance. Importance of coupling capacitance (how it prevents loss of biasing).
concept of DC + AC at input due to capacitance. Draw RC coupled CE amplifier and gain
expression
Workingof Amplifiers
use of output coupling capacitances. why output biasing point is important? why do we bias at vcc/2
Can we have direct coupled CE amplifiers? under what condition (base at zero DC, but requires two
power supplies).
Show the frequency response of RC coupled and direct coupled amplifiers.
importance of capacitance removal: large capacitance cumbersome in IC, effect of low frequency
response
Introduce Diff amp : what to do when we don't have input signal relative to ground? Draw the
corresponding freq response
Difference between differential amplifier and difference amplifier
Amplifier Characterization
Draw blackbox structure of voltage/curent controlled sources and voltage/current sources using
input and output resistances.
Derive conditions for Rin and Rout for each of the 4 possible cases.
Concept of loading effect and importance of voltage buffers
Analysis of cascaded amplifiers and how gain reduces due to loading effect
Introduce Op-amp using differential amplifier
Ideal properties of an Op-amp
High gain A, but very sensitive to frequency and change in beta
Open loop output for positive and negative (V+ - V- ) ;why going in to saturation
transfer chara showing very sharp rise (doesnot behave like an amplifier with linear chara).
so is there any use for it ? mainly used with feedback. (positive and negative). hence 3 modes of
operation open loop, negative fb and positive fb closed loop
Introduction to Opamps
opamp as a comparator : open loop (input sine wave, output square wave of vaying duty cycles)
Negative feedback
characteristics
Applications on opamps in
negative feedback
Summing circuit
Non inverting configuratioin: gain and input resistance ;
Voltage follower ; importance of voltage follower as buffer circuit
Effect of finite open loop gain (inverting and non inverting)
Reference
Section 1.5
exercises1.11 - 1.15
section 5.1
5.6.1-5.6.3, 5.7
Sections 5.2-5.3